The COVID 19 Pandemic has made the world witness a sharp decline in the employment rates, but what is more concerning is that it has caused a "she cession". A she cession is an economic downturn where job and income losses adversely affect women more than men. As per empirical evidence, the she cession isn't just lingering, but is getting worse. So, a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the she cession and thereby paves the way for a she covery is crucial. Turning the she cession into she covery is even more challenging in developing countries like India, where women face discrimination on a wide range of grounds. Though, it might take a lot of time to achieve gender parity in the workforce, but with the implementation of certain policies and practices, the world will eventually converge towards a she covery situation. Ahona Halder | Subhangi Dey "She-cession: The Gendered Impact of COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59704.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/59704/shecession-the-gendered-impact-of-covid19/ahona-halder
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN INFORMAL CROSSBODER TRADERS (WIBTs) IN RWANDA T...World Relief
Economic Empowerment of WIBTs to cope with COVID-19 impacts has critical policy
relevance in the context of the wider national development in Rwanda. Urgent policy actions are
required across the key four issues identified in this policy brief namely; 1.Promotion of institutional
and individual ownership of activities through active participation of beneficiaries and local
administrative entities and community, 2.Mainstreaming gender equity and Women empowerment
through affirmative actions, 3.Strengthening linkages among stakeholders and actors in business
development with structures supporting women doing business and 4. Reducing the stress caused
by the disruption of livelihoods and ability to earn a living.
Professor Lanre Olaniyan: Family Planning, COVID-19 Pandemic and Progress Tow...NigeriaFamilyPlannin
This was presented at the guest lecture on the second day of the 6th Nigeria Family Planning Conference which happened in Abuja from December 7 - 11, 2020.
Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 Sta...ijtsrd
In this work, we examine that the poverty rate is being influenced by the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics 2003 04, 2009 10 and 2019. Using SPSS 23, the results show that corruption, conflict and unemployment rates are statistically significant with an F Statistics value of 1.706 0.185 critical value .Hence, both significantly influence the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The Coefficient Output Summary difference of the variables suggest a model which is fitted as where is poverty rate and the variations in the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment. The results also show that the poverty rate in Nigeria increases with increases inthe level of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate across the 36 States in Nigeria. Owan, Raphael Asu | Dr. Willie, Clement Etti | Asu Isaac Asu "Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 States in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46460.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/46460/multivariate-analysis-of-head-count-per-capita-poverty-rate-across-the-36-states-in-nigeria/owan-raphael-asu
Causes And Effects Of Unemployment
Essay On Unemployment
Essay on Literature Review on Unemployment
Unemployment And Its Effects On Society
Trade Liberation Of India Reduce Unemployment
Unemployment in India
Inflation And Unemployment Essay
Essay on Causes of Unemployment
Essay On Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment in India
Creating Employment Opportunities in India
Women Employment in India
There’s the pandemic you know about, and all too well. It’s rightfully crowding the headlines of your newspaper and occupying the minds of government leaders. It’s taking loved ones, imperiling heroes in scrubs, threatening neighbors at the cash register, and suddenly.........
For more read visit https://bit.ly/2EgMNRp
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN INFORMAL CROSSBODER TRADERS (WIBTs) IN RWANDA T...World Relief
Economic Empowerment of WIBTs to cope with COVID-19 impacts has critical policy
relevance in the context of the wider national development in Rwanda. Urgent policy actions are
required across the key four issues identified in this policy brief namely; 1.Promotion of institutional
and individual ownership of activities through active participation of beneficiaries and local
administrative entities and community, 2.Mainstreaming gender equity and Women empowerment
through affirmative actions, 3.Strengthening linkages among stakeholders and actors in business
development with structures supporting women doing business and 4. Reducing the stress caused
by the disruption of livelihoods and ability to earn a living.
Professor Lanre Olaniyan: Family Planning, COVID-19 Pandemic and Progress Tow...NigeriaFamilyPlannin
This was presented at the guest lecture on the second day of the 6th Nigeria Family Planning Conference which happened in Abuja from December 7 - 11, 2020.
Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 Sta...ijtsrd
In this work, we examine that the poverty rate is being influenced by the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics 2003 04, 2009 10 and 2019. Using SPSS 23, the results show that corruption, conflict and unemployment rates are statistically significant with an F Statistics value of 1.706 0.185 critical value .Hence, both significantly influence the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The Coefficient Output Summary difference of the variables suggest a model which is fitted as where is poverty rate and the variations in the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment. The results also show that the poverty rate in Nigeria increases with increases inthe level of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate across the 36 States in Nigeria. Owan, Raphael Asu | Dr. Willie, Clement Etti | Asu Isaac Asu "Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 States in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46460.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/46460/multivariate-analysis-of-head-count-per-capita-poverty-rate-across-the-36-states-in-nigeria/owan-raphael-asu
Causes And Effects Of Unemployment
Essay On Unemployment
Essay on Literature Review on Unemployment
Unemployment And Its Effects On Society
Trade Liberation Of India Reduce Unemployment
Unemployment in India
Inflation And Unemployment Essay
Essay on Causes of Unemployment
Essay On Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment
Essay on Unemployment in India
Creating Employment Opportunities in India
Women Employment in India
There’s the pandemic you know about, and all too well. It’s rightfully crowding the headlines of your newspaper and occupying the minds of government leaders. It’s taking loved ones, imperiling heroes in scrubs, threatening neighbors at the cash register, and suddenly.........
For more read visit https://bit.ly/2EgMNRp
Managing Employee Moonlighting in the Future of Work and Era of the gig EconomyOlayiwola Oladapo
Across the Globe the phenomenon of moonlighting is on the rise. Though an ancient practice, the emergence of the gig economy has brought moonlighting to the front burner of global development discourse. Moonlighting is known by different labels like Side Hustle, Private Practice, Side-gig, Side-hustle etc.But regardless of what name it is called it speaks to people doing more than one job for different reasons. In other words, they freelance on a secondary job, in addition to their primary job. In the US, the freelance workforce grew from 53 million in 2014 to 55 million in 2016 and represented 35% of the U.S. workforce. The freelance workforce earned an estimated $1 trillion in that year. The freelance or gig economy is a booming one across the globe though many nation states are actively not tracking data around it. There is therefore an urgent need for an understanding of the emerging moonlighting dynamics and deliberately articulated framework for dealing with moonlighting in the future of work. This piece attempts at triggering the conversation around it to guide all key stakeholders in building management proficiency in dealing with it as an inevitable feature of the Future of Work, the Workplace and the Workforce.
The Impact of Poverty on Under 5 Children in Rural Communities of the West Af...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: Under 5 children mortality is a significant
public health issue in West Africa, where poverty is
prevalent. Poverty is a complex and multifaceted issue that
affects various aspects of life, including health outcomes.
The impact of poverty on under 5 children mortality has
been extensively studied in West Africa, and this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
findings of these studies.
Methods: This review is aqualitative Narrative review in
which systematic review procedures were employed to
search, select, and extract data from overviews that meet
eligibility criteria for this study. The search yielded a total of
1,245 articles; published between 2005 and 2023 in West
Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Senegal. 78
articles were selected for full-text review, out of which 30
met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis.
The studies used different study designs, including crosssectional, cohort, and case-control studies. The sample sizes
ranged from 100 to 10,000 participants.
Results: The findings of the studies showed that poverty has
a significant impact on under 5 children mortality in West
Africa. Children from poor households were more likely to
die before their fifth birthday compared to children from
wealthier households. Poverty also affected the health
outcomes of mothers, which in turn affected the health
outcomes of their children. The studies identified various
factors that contribute to the impact of poverty on under 5
mortality, including malnutrition, lack of access to
healthcare, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing. The
studies also highlighted the role of community-level factors,
such as social support and community participation, in
mitigating the impact of poverty on under 5 mortality.
Conclusion: Poverty affects various aspects of life,
including access to healthcare, nutrition, and basic
amenities, which in turn affects the health outcomes of
children. Community-based interventions that address the
underlying causes of poverty and improve access to
healthcare and basic amenities should be strengthened,
designed better and implemented in collaboration with
stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Further research is needed to identify effective interventions
that can improve health outcomes in impoverished
communities.
Waleed AboalsunoonDr. Frederick J. Oerther01292015Assignem.docxmelbruce90096
Waleed Aboalsunoon
Dr. Frederick J. Oerther
01/29/2015
Assignemnt 1 1 1
Waleed Aboalsunoon
6
Upsurge in Youth Unemployment
The international Labour organizations have recently released disturbing statistics that estimates that there are 75 Million youngsters aged between 15 and 24 years old are looking for job opportunities across the globe. This figure however excludes a very large number of youth who never participates in the labour market. Statistics released by the World Bank further reveal that there are estimated 26 Million youth who are not in education, employment or training (NEETs) in 34 rich nations while in developing countries, there are 262 Million such youths. An estimated 290 Million youths aged between 15-24 years old are not at all participating in the labour market-this is almost a quarter of the world’s youth population or almost equal to the Americas total population; this is a real problem facing this generation.
Some of these youths do not work for cultural reasons (75.2 M South Asian women) while others choose not to work especially in the rich world but a large number lack job opportunities especially in the developing countries. A fifth of these youth become unpaid laborers or end up working in the informal sector hence half of the world’s youth are contributing less effectively in the labour market. There are multiple causes of youth unemployment which include relevance and quality of education, inflexibility of the labour market and its regulations which cause dependency (Goldstein, F. 2012 P. 32).
The first root of youth unemployment is attached to poor quality and irrelevance of education with Tunisia posing a good example where 40% of its unemployed youth are graduates against 24% of non-graduates. Education no longer guarantees a good job since it is less tailored to the needs of the job market and this leads to employers lacking personnel with required skills and hence preferring some of the uneducated but have gained experience over time and relevant skills in the labour market and the youth are left jobless.
Labour market institutions, regulations and policies play a key role in promotion of labour demands and in support of the transition from education to the working environment. Employment protection regulations have dire negative effects on the youth seeking employment since it protects them from being fired during an economic downturn. This discourages employers from employing them and these has led many youths to unpaid unemployment with employers softly referring to them as internships where they perform grunt-work rather than learning key knowledge and skills (International Labour Organization, 2010 Pg.21).
A “lost generation” has been borne out of this crisis leading to the “full-nest syndrome” where youths live with their parents and depend on them up to their late twenties and some to their thirties which is a worrying trend. The other members of the family start looking for opport.
Mitigating Covid 19 Pandemic Challenges of Small Business of Female Household...ijtsrd
Mitigating covid 19 pandemic challenges of small business of female household heads through cooperative societies in south east Nigeria was empirically investigated. The population of the study covers 2093 businesses owned by female household heads of cooperative societies in South East, Nigeria ranging from Anambra State, Abia State, Ebonyi State, Enugu State and Imo. Primary source of data was used for the study and statistical test of estimate was done using panel least square model with the aid of e view 12. A total of three hundred and sixty copies of questionnaire were retrieved and used in the data analysis. The findings of the study show that there is a significant and positive relationship between women membership of cooperative societies MWCS , provision of affordable finance PAF , pooling resources together PTTR , cooperative skill acquisition and businesses owned by female household heads. On this note, the study concludes that mitigating covid 19 pandemic challenges has a significant and positive effect on small business of female household heads through cooperative societies in Southeast Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommends that government of the country should make risk analysis and business steadiness planning in all critical federal and regional institutions, explore opportunities for women membership of cooperative societies that can improve businesses owned by Female Household Heads through digital trade. Uzondu Chikodiri Scholastica | Anigbogu Theresa Ukamaka | Okoli Moses Ikechukwu "Mitigating Covid-19 Pandemic Challenges of Small Business of Female Household-Heads through Cooperative Societies in South-East Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/business-economics/55175/mitigating-covid19-pandemic-challenges-of-small-business-of-female-householdheads-through-cooperative-societies-in-southeast-nigeria/uzondu-chikodiri-scholastica
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by IFPRI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Johan Swinnen
(ICAR), and Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS)
JUL 6, 2020 - 04:30 PM TO 06:00 PM IST
There is considerable evidence that COVID-19 has an uneven effect on women across the globe. The case is worse for African women as they battle with poverty and the shock of the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 directly impacts on women-owned enterprises and while many are folding up, some are navigating strategies to contain the emerging trend. According to a new assessment by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the economic and labour crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic could increase global unemployment by almost 25 million, with developing countries accounting for the highest numbers.
The Global Gender Gap Index featured in the 2015 Report ranks over 140 economies according to how well they are leveraging their female talent pool, based on economic, educational, health-based and political indicators.
The Global Gender Gap Index 2015 ranks 145 economies according to how well they are leveraging their female talent pool, based on economic, educational, health-based and political indicators. With a decade of data, this edition of the Global Gender Gap Report – first published in 2006 – shows that while the world has made progress overall, stubborn inequalities remain.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
More Related Content
Similar to She cession The Gendered Impact of COVID 19
Managing Employee Moonlighting in the Future of Work and Era of the gig EconomyOlayiwola Oladapo
Across the Globe the phenomenon of moonlighting is on the rise. Though an ancient practice, the emergence of the gig economy has brought moonlighting to the front burner of global development discourse. Moonlighting is known by different labels like Side Hustle, Private Practice, Side-gig, Side-hustle etc.But regardless of what name it is called it speaks to people doing more than one job for different reasons. In other words, they freelance on a secondary job, in addition to their primary job. In the US, the freelance workforce grew from 53 million in 2014 to 55 million in 2016 and represented 35% of the U.S. workforce. The freelance workforce earned an estimated $1 trillion in that year. The freelance or gig economy is a booming one across the globe though many nation states are actively not tracking data around it. There is therefore an urgent need for an understanding of the emerging moonlighting dynamics and deliberately articulated framework for dealing with moonlighting in the future of work. This piece attempts at triggering the conversation around it to guide all key stakeholders in building management proficiency in dealing with it as an inevitable feature of the Future of Work, the Workplace and the Workforce.
The Impact of Poverty on Under 5 Children in Rural Communities of the West Af...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Background: Under 5 children mortality is a significant
public health issue in West Africa, where poverty is
prevalent. Poverty is a complex and multifaceted issue that
affects various aspects of life, including health outcomes.
The impact of poverty on under 5 children mortality has
been extensively studied in West Africa, and this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
findings of these studies.
Methods: This review is aqualitative Narrative review in
which systematic review procedures were employed to
search, select, and extract data from overviews that meet
eligibility criteria for this study. The search yielded a total of
1,245 articles; published between 2005 and 2023 in West
Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, and Senegal. 78
articles were selected for full-text review, out of which 30
met the inclusion criteria and included in the final analysis.
The studies used different study designs, including crosssectional, cohort, and case-control studies. The sample sizes
ranged from 100 to 10,000 participants.
Results: The findings of the studies showed that poverty has
a significant impact on under 5 children mortality in West
Africa. Children from poor households were more likely to
die before their fifth birthday compared to children from
wealthier households. Poverty also affected the health
outcomes of mothers, which in turn affected the health
outcomes of their children. The studies identified various
factors that contribute to the impact of poverty on under 5
mortality, including malnutrition, lack of access to
healthcare, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing. The
studies also highlighted the role of community-level factors,
such as social support and community participation, in
mitigating the impact of poverty on under 5 mortality.
Conclusion: Poverty affects various aspects of life,
including access to healthcare, nutrition, and basic
amenities, which in turn affects the health outcomes of
children. Community-based interventions that address the
underlying causes of poverty and improve access to
healthcare and basic amenities should be strengthened,
designed better and implemented in collaboration with
stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.
Further research is needed to identify effective interventions
that can improve health outcomes in impoverished
communities.
Waleed AboalsunoonDr. Frederick J. Oerther01292015Assignem.docxmelbruce90096
Waleed Aboalsunoon
Dr. Frederick J. Oerther
01/29/2015
Assignemnt 1 1 1
Waleed Aboalsunoon
6
Upsurge in Youth Unemployment
The international Labour organizations have recently released disturbing statistics that estimates that there are 75 Million youngsters aged between 15 and 24 years old are looking for job opportunities across the globe. This figure however excludes a very large number of youth who never participates in the labour market. Statistics released by the World Bank further reveal that there are estimated 26 Million youth who are not in education, employment or training (NEETs) in 34 rich nations while in developing countries, there are 262 Million such youths. An estimated 290 Million youths aged between 15-24 years old are not at all participating in the labour market-this is almost a quarter of the world’s youth population or almost equal to the Americas total population; this is a real problem facing this generation.
Some of these youths do not work for cultural reasons (75.2 M South Asian women) while others choose not to work especially in the rich world but a large number lack job opportunities especially in the developing countries. A fifth of these youth become unpaid laborers or end up working in the informal sector hence half of the world’s youth are contributing less effectively in the labour market. There are multiple causes of youth unemployment which include relevance and quality of education, inflexibility of the labour market and its regulations which cause dependency (Goldstein, F. 2012 P. 32).
The first root of youth unemployment is attached to poor quality and irrelevance of education with Tunisia posing a good example where 40% of its unemployed youth are graduates against 24% of non-graduates. Education no longer guarantees a good job since it is less tailored to the needs of the job market and this leads to employers lacking personnel with required skills and hence preferring some of the uneducated but have gained experience over time and relevant skills in the labour market and the youth are left jobless.
Labour market institutions, regulations and policies play a key role in promotion of labour demands and in support of the transition from education to the working environment. Employment protection regulations have dire negative effects on the youth seeking employment since it protects them from being fired during an economic downturn. This discourages employers from employing them and these has led many youths to unpaid unemployment with employers softly referring to them as internships where they perform grunt-work rather than learning key knowledge and skills (International Labour Organization, 2010 Pg.21).
A “lost generation” has been borne out of this crisis leading to the “full-nest syndrome” where youths live with their parents and depend on them up to their late twenties and some to their thirties which is a worrying trend. The other members of the family start looking for opport.
Mitigating Covid 19 Pandemic Challenges of Small Business of Female Household...ijtsrd
Mitigating covid 19 pandemic challenges of small business of female household heads through cooperative societies in south east Nigeria was empirically investigated. The population of the study covers 2093 businesses owned by female household heads of cooperative societies in South East, Nigeria ranging from Anambra State, Abia State, Ebonyi State, Enugu State and Imo. Primary source of data was used for the study and statistical test of estimate was done using panel least square model with the aid of e view 12. A total of three hundred and sixty copies of questionnaire were retrieved and used in the data analysis. The findings of the study show that there is a significant and positive relationship between women membership of cooperative societies MWCS , provision of affordable finance PAF , pooling resources together PTTR , cooperative skill acquisition and businesses owned by female household heads. On this note, the study concludes that mitigating covid 19 pandemic challenges has a significant and positive effect on small business of female household heads through cooperative societies in Southeast Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommends that government of the country should make risk analysis and business steadiness planning in all critical federal and regional institutions, explore opportunities for women membership of cooperative societies that can improve businesses owned by Female Household Heads through digital trade. Uzondu Chikodiri Scholastica | Anigbogu Theresa Ukamaka | Okoli Moses Ikechukwu "Mitigating Covid-19 Pandemic Challenges of Small Business of Female Household-Heads through Cooperative Societies in South-East Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/business-economics/55175/mitigating-covid19-pandemic-challenges-of-small-business-of-female-householdheads-through-cooperative-societies-in-southeast-nigeria/uzondu-chikodiri-scholastica
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
IFPRI South Asia Discussion of the 2020 Global Food Policy Report
Co-Organized by IFPRI, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Johan Swinnen
(ICAR), and Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS)
JUL 6, 2020 - 04:30 PM TO 06:00 PM IST
There is considerable evidence that COVID-19 has an uneven effect on women across the globe. The case is worse for African women as they battle with poverty and the shock of the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 directly impacts on women-owned enterprises and while many are folding up, some are navigating strategies to contain the emerging trend. According to a new assessment by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the economic and labour crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic could increase global unemployment by almost 25 million, with developing countries accounting for the highest numbers.
The Global Gender Gap Index featured in the 2015 Report ranks over 140 economies according to how well they are leveraging their female talent pool, based on economic, educational, health-based and political indicators.
The Global Gender Gap Index 2015 ranks 145 economies according to how well they are leveraging their female talent pool, based on economic, educational, health-based and political indicators. With a decade of data, this edition of the Global Gender Gap Report – first published in 2006 – shows that while the world has made progress overall, stubborn inequalities remain.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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economic growth and social empowerment for
women. However, after the outbreak of COVID 19,
the employment rates have seen a sharp decline, but
what has been observed is that there the fall in
employment rates have hit the female population
more deeply compared to men. The following graph
(based on World Bank’s data) depicts the trend in the
female labour force participation rate over the years,
and how it witnessed a drastic fall post COVID 19
Pandemic:
Fig 1. Female Labour Force Participation Rate in the World from 2015 to 2021
As per the data provided by World Bank, the labour force participation rates are as follows-
Labour Force Participation Rate
Labour Force (ages 15 years and
older)
Male (% ages
15 and older)
Female (% ages
15 and older)
Total (in
millions)
Female (% of
labour force)
2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021
East Asia and Pacific 76.2 73.6 59.6 58.9 1258.4 1279.6 43.8 44.4
Europe and Central Asia 65.4 64.7 51.3 51.6 433.2 435.9 46.1 46.4
Latin America and Caribbean 76.6 73.9 50.7 49.8 289.3 301.01 41 41.5
Middle East and North Africa 71.6 70.4 20.2 18.2 142.9 153.2 20.6 19.4
North America 68.6 67.3 56.5 56.1 179.5 185.8 46.1 46.3
South Asia 76.3 73.9 24.7 24.8 632.6 655.9 23.7 24.4
Sub-Saharan Africa 72.6 72.4 60.7 60.4 384.6 451.2 46.3 46.2
World 73.8 71.9 47.7 47.1 3320.5 3462.6 39.4 39.7
The data provided in the table gives an overview of the labour force participation rates and labour force statistics
for different regions of the world between the years 2015 and 2021. The labour force participation rate measures
the proportion of the population that is either employed or actively seeking employment, and is expressed as a
percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older. The labour force represents the total number of
people who are either employed or unemployed but seeking work.
The world, as a whole, has witnessed a fall in both the male and female labour force participation rates over the
years. However, the data depicts that the female labour force participation rate is generally lower than the male
rate, and this gender gap has not significantly narrowed between 2015 and 2021. Overall, the data indicates that
there are still significant differences in the labour force participation rates among regions of the world and more
importantly between genders. Thus, the data underscores the importance of promoting greater labour force
participation, particularly for women. So, policies and interventions to address the underlying causes of low
labour force participation rates will be critical to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
III. Root Causes
The pandemic did not create new gender inequalities in the workforce, but it is noteworthy that it did
substantially exacerbate existing inequalities. The most prevailing inequalities for women include unequal pay,
sexual harassment, racism, and greater inequities in promotion and raise negotiation practices compared to their
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male counterparts. Women are also often overrepresented in certain sectors such as health, social services, and
education; and are underrepresented in other sectors such as professional, scientific, financial, and technical
services. Women also face barriers in advancing into leadership roles, despite being more educated than men on
average and constituting nearly half of the workforce. Moreover, the Pandemic has aggravated the situation
many folds. The root causes of the COVID 19 Pandemic induced she-cession are complex and multifaceted.
Several factors that have contributed to the disproportionate impact of the Pandemic on women's employment
and economic security are listed below:
Occupational segregation: Women are more likely to work in industries that have been disproportionately
affected by the pandemic, such as retail, hospitality, and healthcare. Many of these jobs have also been
undervalued and underpaid, exacerbating the economic insecurity faced by women.
Caregiving responsibilities: With the closure of schools and childcare facilities, many women have had to take
on increased caregiving responsibilities, making it difficult for them to maintain their employment or advance in
their careers. Women are more likely to take on caregiving responsibilities, and the lack of affordable and
accessible childcare options has created an unsustainable situation for many working mothers.
Gender wage gap and discrimination: Women face persistent gender wage gaps and discrimination in the labour
market, which have further exacerbated the economic insecurity faced by women during the pandemic. Women
are also more likely to work in part-time or temporary positions, which provide less job security and fewer
benefits.
Informal economy: Women are more likely to work in the informal economy, which has been particularly hard
hit by the pandemic. Women who work in the informal economy often have limited access to social protection,
such as unemployment benefits or sick leave, making them more vulnerable to income losses and economic
insecurity.
Lack of social protections: Women are more likely to work in jobs without access to paid leave, health
insurance, or other benefits that can help provide a financial cushion during times of economic downturn. This
lack of social protection can further deteriorate economic insecurity for women during a crisis like the COVID-
19 Pandemic.
IV. Developed and Developing Countries
Unlike any other modern recession, the downturn triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic has created larger
employment losses for women than for men globally. In developed countries, women have been
disproportionately affected by job losses and reduced working hours during the pandemic due to their
overrepresentation in sectors such as hospitality, retail, and healthcare. Women also tend to work in more
precarious and part-time jobs, which has made it difficult for them to access financial assistance and social
protections during the pandemic.
Example: She-cession in the US
Based on data from all US recessions since 1949, it has been observed that the 2020 recession deviates most
sharply from the historical norm in its disparate gender impact. The fact that job losses are much higher for
women not only matters for gender equality, but also reduces families’ ability to offset income losses, producing
a deeper and more persistent recession. Not too long ago, the term ‘man-cession’ gained currency to describe the
disproportionate impact of recent recessions on men’s employment (Johnson 2009, Wall 2009). In the Great
Recession of 2007-2009, millions of men in sectors such as construction and manufacturing lost their jobs, while
women experienced meagre employment losses.
Man-cessions became the norm starting in the 1970s, a time when women’s labour force participation was
sharply increasing. This trend has been observed till 2019, but the question is, what led the US economy to
notice such a trend in its labour force participation rate? One force behind such a trend is the big, structural
changes that took place in the US economy over the past half century. In particular, manufacturing has declined
as a share in the economy and services have increased. The decline in manufacturing has tended to reduce male
participation rates, and the increase in services has tended to increase female participation rates. Manufacturing
used to hire a lot of relatively low-skilled, low-educated workers, most of whom were men. Technology,
however, has made manufacturing much more productive. Such advancements in technology have reduced the
necessity of these low-skilled line workers and so, the kind of workers that the manufacturing sectors then
started hiring were highly educated software engineers. Hence, the decline in manufacturing jobs have hit the
low-skilled and low-educated male workers pretty hard. These workers were then unable to find jobs in other
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sectors of the economy as well. On the other hand, women have benefited from a shift to the service economy.
Sectors that traditionally employed a lot of women such as education and healthcare, have in fact grown over the
years. It has also been observed that compared to men, women have increased their education levels. Overall,
more and more women found employment in relatively stable sectors such as education, healthcare, and other
parts of the service economy, which eventually led to a rise in the female labour force participation rate in the
US.
However, as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019, the US economy entered its sharpest economic
downturn since the Great Depression. This recession has been qualitatively different from other recessions not
just in its cause, but also in the patterns of its labour market impact. Arguably, the sharpest deviation from the
historical norm is the impact of the recession on the employment of women versus men. The sectors which have
a high female labour force representation, such as hospitality and retail, have been the hardest hit sectors in the
Pandemic. The challenges caused by the Pandemic are even greater for women who are self-employed, or those
working in the informal sector as domestic workers or street vendors, due to the precarious nature of their jobs. It
has also been observed that with the closure of schools, women have been burdened with increased childcare
responsibilities with their professional lives. Also, during the Pandemic, more men have been given job
promotions than women. All these factors have contributed to the decline in the female labour force participation
rate in the US economy post Pandemic. The following graph depicts the increasing trend in the female labour
force participation rate in US, and how the COVID 19 Pandemic has led to a sharp decline in the rate:
Fig 2. Female Labour Force Participation Rate in the United States from 2015 to 2021
Nevertheless, the severity of the she-cession in developing countries is more pronounced and can be attributed to
various factors, such as the overrepresentation of women in the informal economy, limited access to social
protections, weak labour protections, and gender inequalities.
In developing countries, women are often concentrated in low-paid, low-skilled, and informal jobs, which have
been hit hardest by the pandemic. This has resulted in job losses, reduced working hours, and lower wages for
women. Additionally, many women are employed in sectors that have been directly affected by the pandemic,
such as hospitality, retail, and tourism. Women in developing countries are also more likely to work in sectors
such as agriculture and textiles, which have been severely impacted by supply chain disruptions and reduced
global demand. Moreover, women in developing countries often have limited access to social protections, such
as paid sick leave, maternity leave, and healthcare benefits. This makes it difficult for them to cope with the
economic and health consequences of the pandemic.
Weak labour protections and gender inequalities in developing countries further exacerbate the she-cession.
Women often face discrimination in the workplace, including unequal pay, limited access to promotions, and
harassment. Women in developing countries also tend to have less access to education and training, which limits
their opportunities for upward mobility.
Example: She-cession in India
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the female labour force participation rate in India was low compared to
other countries. In the last century, the world has witnessed great strides in terms of women’s economic
participation. On an average, the female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) increased from 40 percent to 51
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percent for the OECD countries during 1960-2016. On the other hand, the Indian subcontinent, home to 17 per
cent of the world’s women population, is in the company of 9 countries where FLFPR has plummeted.
According to International Labour Organization estimates, India’s FLFPR dropped from 32% in 2005 to 21% in
2019 – the lowest rate in South Asia, and among the lowest in the world. This precipitous drop in women’s
engagement in the labour market has attracted the attention of academics and policymakers alike. Though in
terms of absolute numbers more men lost their jobs by April 2020 (over 100 million men against 17 million
women) but in percentage terms the impact of COVID-19 on women's employment is proportionately greater
and worse (women's employment dropped by 39% against 29% decline in men's employment). The situation
continues to be deteriorating even today.
Low FLFPR in India is necessarily a complex social phenomenon. There is low support in the Indian society for
working women. This arises from patriarchal structures, which dictate that women prioritise their domestic
responsibilities over professional aspirations. According to 2014 OWID data, India’s female-to-male ratio of
time devoted to unpaid care work stands at 9.83, which is the third highest in the world. Therefore, 62.1 per cent
of the women in 15-59 age group were involved in domestic duty participation in 2017-18. The cultural norms
that place the primary responsibility of routine domestic tasks on women, limit their ability to participate in the
labour market.
During the period 2012-2018, 65 million men and 63 million women were added in the Indian working age
population. The LFPR for men remained stagnant while the LFPR for women observed a downward trend
depicting the job market was able to absorb the growing number of male workers but it was not the case for
female workers. Women have borne the brunt of this growth mainly because of two reasons. First, the
mechanisation of agriculture including seed drills, threshers etc have reduced manual jobs that were mostly
performed by women. Second, India’s manufacturing sector has not created labour intensive jobs that could be
taken up by women who have been displaced from agriculture.
According to the most recent Periodic Labour Force Survey, out of the population of working women, more than
90 percent work in the informal sector. Informal jobs entail increased exploitation, harassment, poor working
conditions and lack of mobility. This acts as one of the main impediments to female participation.
Nonetheless, the Pandemic has caused further deterioration of the already existing dire situation of female labour
force participation rate in India. Therefore, the she-cession in India has significant implications for gender
equality and women's economic empowerment, and highlights the need for policies and programs that support
women's employment and economic status. The following graph depicts the declining trend in the female labour
force participation rate in India, and how the COVID 19 Pandemic has aggravated the situation:
Fig 3. Female Labour Force Participation Rate in India from 2015 to 2021
V. The Way to She-covery
"She-covery" is a term used to describe the potential
for women's employment and economic security to be
a key driver of post-pandemic recovery. The term
recognizes that women have been disproportionately
affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and that
targeted policies and actions are needed to address
gender inequalities in the workplace and beyond. So,
policy makers and companies can come up with
certain policies and initiatives that address the
barriers that women face in accessing quality
employment opportunities and balancing work and
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caregiving responsibilities. Given below are a few
suggestions that will support women’s economic
participation and leadership, thereby helping the
world to recover from the abysmal she-cession.
Providing flexible work arrangements: Companies
can provide flexible work arrangements such as
remote work or reduced hours to help women balance
work and family responsibilities.
Addressing childcare and eldercare needs: One of the
main barriers to women's participation in the
workforce is the lack of affordable and accessible
childcare and eldercare. Governments and companies
can provide support for childcare and eldercare to
help women balance work and caregiving
responsibilities towards their families.
Addressing gender bias and discrimination: Gender
bias and discrimination in the workplace, one of the
most predominant issues in developing countries, can
prevent women from achieving their full potential.
Companies can address gender bias and
discrimination by promoting diversity and inclusion,
ensuring that women are represented in leadership
positions and decision-making processes, and
providing equal pay and opportunities for
advancement.
Supporting women's leadership: Governments and
companies can support women's leadership by
ensuring that women are represented in leadership
positions and decision-making processes.
Investing in reskilling and upskilling: Governments
and companies can invest in reskilling and upskilling
programs to help women who have lost their jobs or
have been forced to leave the workforce due to the
pandemic. This can help women acquire new skills
and knowledge that are in demand in the post-
pandemic economy.
Ensuring access to social protections: Providing
access to social protections such as unemployment
benefits, sick leave, and healthcare can help to reduce
the economic insecurity that women may face during
periods of job loss or economic uncertainty.
VI. Concluding Remarks
The she-cession has had a significant impact on
women's employment and economic security,
particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
The Pandemic has highlighted the systemic
inequalities that women face in the labour market,
including
the gender pay gap, unequal access to promotions and
leadership roles, and discrimination in hiring
practices and workplace. Women are also
disproportionately affected by caregiving
responsibilities, which can hinder their work-life
balance and thereby limit their employment
opportunities. While the she-cession has had a
significant impact on women's employment across the
globe, the severity of the impact may be greater in
developing countries where women face additional
barriers to employment and economic security. To
overcome the she-cession, a concerted effort from
policymakers, employers, and society as a whole is
required to tackle the structural and cultural barriers
that women face in the labour market and to promote
gender equity and women's economic empowerment.
Overall, addressing the she-cession is essential for
promoting a more equitable and inclusive society and
ensuring that women are able to fully participate in
the labour market and contribute to economic growth
and stability.
References
[1] The She-cession: How the Pandemic Forced
Women from the Workplace and How
Employers Can Respond. (n.d.-c). Ohioline.
https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/cdfs-4110
[2] https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizelting/2022/02/
12/the-she-cession-by-the-
numbers/?sh=25ff9c631053
[3] Thory, & Manda, Sunita. (2020). SHE-
CESSION IN INDIA: MAPPING THE
GENDERED DIMENSION OF COVID-19.
45-50.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36495
0674
[4] World Bank Open Data. (n.d.-b). World Bank
Open Data.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.C
ACT.FE.ZS
[5] The she-cession (she-recession) of 2020:
Causes and consequences. (2020, September
22). CEPR.
https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/shecession-she-
recession-2020-causes-and-consequences
[6] Contributors, E. (2021c, June 13). No place for
women: What drives India’s ever-declining
female labour force? The Economic Times.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/eco
nomy/indicators/no-place-for-women-what-
drives-indias-ever-declining-female-labour-
force/articleshow/83480203.cms?from=mdr
[7] Deora, S. (2023). What’s going on with India’s
female labour force participation? | IDR. India
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https://idronline.org/article/gender/whats-
going-on-with-indias-female-labour-force-
participation/