The document discusses electronic fetal monitoring during labor, which uses tools like ultrasound, tocography, scalp electrodes, and intrauterine pressure catheters to monitor the fetal heart rate and detect changes that could indicate impaired oxygenation. It aims to prevent fetal injury by detecting issues early. Fetal oxygenation requires adequate maternal blood flow and exchange between the placenta and fetus. Fetal monitoring evaluates factors like baseline heart rate, variability, accelerations, and decelerations to assess well-being. Different deceleration patterns can indicate issues like cord compression. While it provides useful data, fetal monitoring also has limitations and can increase anxiety, so intrauterine resuscitation and reassuring communication are important.