This document provides an overview of AXI interfacing and DMA using AXI4-Stream. It discusses the AXI protocol specification, AXI interfaces including memory-mapped and stream interfaces, AXI interconnects, and using DMA with AXI interfaces. It also describes configuring the AXI DMA IP core, programming simple and scatter-gather DMA transfers, and the different modes of operation for the AXI DMA core.
Design and Analysis of Xilinx Verified AMBA Bridge for SoC Systemsidescitation
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus
Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 and its specifications define five
buses/interfaces: Advanced eXtensible Interface Bus (AXI),
Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB), Advanced System Bus
(ASB), Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) and Advanced Trace
Bus (ATB). That means more and more existing Intellectual
Property (IP) must be able to communicate with AMBA4.0
bus. This paper presents an IP core design of APB Bridge, to
provide interface between AXI-Lite bus and APB bus operating
at different frequencies. The maximum operating frequency
of the module is 168.464MHz. Test cases are run to perform
multiple read and write operations. Synthesis and Simulation
is done using Xilinx ISE and Modelsim.
The document describes the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) which is a high-performance interface used in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. AXI supports separate address/control and data phases to improve performance. It allows burst-based transactions where only the start address is issued and multiple outstanding addresses can be in flight simultaneously. AXI includes features like different burst types, cache support, protection units, error handling, and unaligned transfers to enhance system performance.
- The document is a chapter from a textbook on computer networking that discusses the network layer. It covers topics like virtual circuit networks, datagram networks, the operation of routers, IP, routing algorithms, and routing in the Internet.
- Routers examine header fields to forward packets to the appropriate output port based on the destination address and routing tables. Routing algorithms determine the path packets take between source and destination.
- Virtual circuit networks use call setup and connection state in routers to provide guaranteed services, while datagram networks like the Internet forward packets based only on destination addresses for simple operation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a synthesizable checker for the AMBA AXI protocol. The AXI protocol is commonly used for on-chip communication in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The proposed checker contains 44 rules to verify AXI protocol compliance and was implemented using Verilog. Simulation results showed the checker design requires 70.7K gate counts and has a critical path of 4.13 ns, allowing it to operate at 242 MHz. The checker is intended to improve SoC integration by verifying correct protocol usage and helping debug communication issues.
Iaetsd asynchronous data transactions on so c using fifoIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes using an asynchronous FIFO to enable data transactions between an AXI4.0 bus and an APB4.0 bus on a system-on-chip (SoC). AXI4.0 is a high-performance bus while APB4.0 is lower power. An asynchronous FIFO can interface between the two buses without complex handshaking. It uses write and read pointers as well as empty and full flags to transmit data between the buses asynchronously. The design is modeled in Verilog HDL and simulation results are shown for read and write operations between AXI4.0 and APB4.0 via the asynchronous FIFO.
The document discusses the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) bus. AXI is a high-performance interface that supports high clock frequencies and burst transactions. It separates address/control and data phases and allows for multiple outstanding addresses. AXI consists of five channels for read/write address, data, and responses. It provides benefits like increased throughput and flexibility over older interfaces. Some limitations are burst size constraints and overhead from separate channels.
The document discusses a computer networking course on wide-area networks (WANs) and virtual private networks (VPNs). It covers several topics:
- WAN technologies including physical and data link layer protocols for transmitting data to remote locations.
- Configuring serial interfaces and encapsulation methods like HDLC and PPP.
- Connectivity options for WANs like leased lines, PSTN, and packet switching.
- VPN solutions that provide secure connectivity over shared infrastructures at lower costs than private networks. VPNs offer flexibility, scalability, and cost savings.
Design and Analysis of Xilinx Verified AMBA Bridge for SoC Systemsidescitation
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus
Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 and its specifications define five
buses/interfaces: Advanced eXtensible Interface Bus (AXI),
Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB), Advanced System Bus
(ASB), Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) and Advanced Trace
Bus (ATB). That means more and more existing Intellectual
Property (IP) must be able to communicate with AMBA4.0
bus. This paper presents an IP core design of APB Bridge, to
provide interface between AXI-Lite bus and APB bus operating
at different frequencies. The maximum operating frequency
of the module is 168.464MHz. Test cases are run to perform
multiple read and write operations. Synthesis and Simulation
is done using Xilinx ISE and Modelsim.
The document describes the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) which is a high-performance interface used in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. AXI supports separate address/control and data phases to improve performance. It allows burst-based transactions where only the start address is issued and multiple outstanding addresses can be in flight simultaneously. AXI includes features like different burst types, cache support, protection units, error handling, and unaligned transfers to enhance system performance.
- The document is a chapter from a textbook on computer networking that discusses the network layer. It covers topics like virtual circuit networks, datagram networks, the operation of routers, IP, routing algorithms, and routing in the Internet.
- Routers examine header fields to forward packets to the appropriate output port based on the destination address and routing tables. Routing algorithms determine the path packets take between source and destination.
- Virtual circuit networks use call setup and connection state in routers to provide guaranteed services, while datagram networks like the Internet forward packets based only on destination addresses for simple operation.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a synthesizable checker for the AMBA AXI protocol. The AXI protocol is commonly used for on-chip communication in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The proposed checker contains 44 rules to verify AXI protocol compliance and was implemented using Verilog. Simulation results showed the checker design requires 70.7K gate counts and has a critical path of 4.13 ns, allowing it to operate at 242 MHz. The checker is intended to improve SoC integration by verifying correct protocol usage and helping debug communication issues.
Iaetsd asynchronous data transactions on so c using fifoIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes using an asynchronous FIFO to enable data transactions between an AXI4.0 bus and an APB4.0 bus on a system-on-chip (SoC). AXI4.0 is a high-performance bus while APB4.0 is lower power. An asynchronous FIFO can interface between the two buses without complex handshaking. It uses write and read pointers as well as empty and full flags to transmit data between the buses asynchronously. The design is modeled in Verilog HDL and simulation results are shown for read and write operations between AXI4.0 and APB4.0 via the asynchronous FIFO.
The document discusses the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) bus. AXI is a high-performance interface that supports high clock frequencies and burst transactions. It separates address/control and data phases and allows for multiple outstanding addresses. AXI consists of five channels for read/write address, data, and responses. It provides benefits like increased throughput and flexibility over older interfaces. Some limitations are burst size constraints and overhead from separate channels.
The document discusses a computer networking course on wide-area networks (WANs) and virtual private networks (VPNs). It covers several topics:
- WAN technologies including physical and data link layer protocols for transmitting data to remote locations.
- Configuring serial interfaces and encapsulation methods like HDLC and PPP.
- Connectivity options for WANs like leased lines, PSTN, and packet switching.
- VPN solutions that provide secure connectivity over shared infrastructures at lower costs than private networks. VPNs offer flexibility, scalability, and cost savings.
- The document summarizes the author's research advance from February to April, which involved developing an advanced wireless sensor network prototype.
- The advanced prototype integrated another Zigbee solution called Xbee that acts as a coordinator and link routers to enable larger network coverage, and allows sensor information to be sent through satellite communication channels.
- It also has the capability of hardware encryption using the AES algorithm. The network topology includes one Xbee coordinator, one router node, six sensor nodes, and an Iridium 9603 satellite server for communication.
Design and Implementation of Axi-Apb Bridge based on Amba 4.0ijsrd.com
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 specifications in March 2010, which includes Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) 4.0. AMBA bus protocol has become the de facto standard SoC bus. That means more and more existing IPs must be able to communicate with AMBA 4.0 bus. Based on AMBA 4.0 bus, we designed an Intellectual Property (IP) core of Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) bridge, which translates the AXI4.0-lite transactions into APB 4.0 transactions. The bridge provides an interface between the high-performance AXI bus and low-power APB domain.
In this talk, we will explain the functioning of Wireless LANs in theory and in practice.
We will present the IEEE 802.11 standard in general and MAC protocols in particular, by discussing the functions of MAC sublayer management entity and the MAC layer frames in detail.
We will discuss the changes in the states of a WiFi client as it goes through the process of WiFi communication.
Towards the end, we will briefly talk about various vantage points ( at the client side as well as in the air ) that allow us to capture network traffic.
The document discusses Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI), which is a third generation interface specification that is targeted at high performance systems. AXI uses separate address/control and data phases to improve performance. It supports burst transactions where only the start address is issued and multiple outstanding addresses can be in flight simultaneously. AXI consists of five channels to separate read and write operations. Simulation results showed that AXI provides higher throughput than older AMBA interfaces, though older interfaces may have lower latency in some cases. AXI's standardization and flexibility make it useful for integrating IP cores.
Arteris network on chip: The growing cost of wiresArteris
Arteris NoC SoC Interconnect presentation given by Jonah Probell at ARM Technology Conference 9-11 Nov 2010. Explains how traditional AXI fabrics require huge numbers of wires and leads to routing congestion, and how network on chip interconnects address routing congestion by allowing fewer wires. Explains the basics of NoC packetization and serialization.
VERIFICATION OF DRIVER LOGIC USING AMBAAXI UVMVLSICS Design
Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) is the most commonly used bus protocols in the day-to-day because of its high performance and high-frequency operation without using complex bridges. AXI is also backwardcompatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces. So verification of driver logic using AMBA-AXI UVM is presented in this paper. The AXI is used for multiple outstanding operations which is only possible in the
other protocol but it is possible in AXI because it contains different write address and data channels and AXI also supports out of order transfer based on the transaction ID which is generated at the start of the transfer. The driver logic for the AXI has been designed and implemented using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM).The signaling of the five channels such as write address, write data, write response,
read address, read data channel of AXI protocol are considered for verification. According to the AXI protocol,the signals of these channels are driven to the interconnect and results are observed for single master and single slave. The driver logic has been implemented and verified successfully according to AXI protocol using the Rivera Pro. The results observed for single master and single slave have shown the correctness of AMBA-AXI design in Verilog.
VERIFICATION OF DRIVER LOGIC USING AMBAAXI UVMVLSICS Design
Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) is the most commonly used bus protocols in the day-to-day because of its high performance and high-frequency operation without using complex bridges. AXI is also backwardcompatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces. So verification of driver logic using AMBA-AXI UVM is presented in this paper. The AXI is used for multiple outstanding operations which is only possible in the
other protocol but it is possible in AXI because it contains different write address and data channels and AXI also supports out of order transfer based on the transaction ID which is generated at the start of the transfer. The driver logic for the AXI has been designed and implemented using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM).The signaling of the five channels such as write address, write data, write response,
read address, read data channel of AXI protocol are considered for verification. According to the AXI protocol,the signals of these channels are driven to the interconnect and results are observed for single master and single slave. The driver logic has been implemented and verified successfully according to AXI protocol using the Rivera Pro. The results observed for single master and single slave have shown the correctness of AMBA-AXI design in Verilog.
This document discusses principles for designing network topologies, including:
- Using a hierarchical design with core, distribution, and access layers to reduce workload on devices and facilitate scaling. This includes Cisco's common three-layer model.
- Incorporating redundancy, modularity, and well-defined entry/exit points for protection and simplicity.
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops by pruning blocked ports and electing a root bridge, root ports and designated ports on switches. STP must be scaled carefully in large networks.
The document discusses various on-chip bus architectures used for system-on-chip designs. It describes buses such as AMBA, CoreConnect, STBus, Wishbone and others. For each bus, it provides details on the bus hierarchy, protocols, and how they enable connection and data transfer between functional blocks in a system-on-chip.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
PLNOG 13: Artur Pająk: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoEPROIDEA
Artur Pająk – IT Product Manager & Solution Architect, Huawei Polska. Jestem absolwentem Politechniki Warszawskie wydziału Elektroniki i Technik Informacyjnych. Przez ostanie 10 lat pracuję jako architek rozwiązań na rynku IT. W głównej mierze (9,5 roku) moje zawodowe życie związane było z firmą Hewlett-Packard gdzie zajmowałem się projektowaniem rozwiązań pamięci masowych. Ostatnie pół roku to współpraca z największym integratorem na polskim rynku, firmą Asseco Poland. Obecnie związany jestem z firmą Huawei Polska gdzie zajmuję się projektowaniem rozwiązań IT dla klientów w Polsce i krajach Europejskich. “
Temat prezentacji: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoE.
Język prezentacji: Polski
Abstrakt: Na prezentacji przedstawiany będzie kierunek i rozwój rozwiązań pamięci masowych udostępniających zasoby poprzez sieć Ethernet (omówienie protokołów iSCSI i FCoE). Konwergentna infrastruktura oparta o rozwiązania Huawei.
Verification of amba axi bus protocol implementing incr and wrap burst using ...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper describes the development of verification environment for AMBA AXI (Advanced Extensible Interface) protocol using
System Verilog. AXI supports high performance, high-frequency system designs. It is an On-Chip communication protocol. It is
suitable for high-bandwidth and high frequency designs with minimal delays. It provides flexibility in the implementation of
interconnect architectures and avoid use of complex bridges. It is backward-compatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces.
The key features of the AXI protocol are that it consists of separate address, control and data phases. It support unaligned data
transfers using byte strobes. It requires only start address to be issued in a burst-based transaction. It has separate read and write
data channels that provide low-cost Direct Memory Access (DMA). This paper is aimed at the verification of various burst type
transaction (INCR and WRAP) of the AXI bus protocol and the Verification Environment is built using System Verilog coding[1].
Keywords: AMBA AXI, INCR, Wrap Burst, System Verilog
High Performance Communication for Oracle using InfiniBandwebhostingguy
The document discusses how InfiniBand provides benefits for Oracle databases by enabling higher performance communication within Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). InfiniBand allows for faster block transfers, lower CPU utilization, and higher throughput compared to Gigabit Ethernet. It also supports features like remote direct memory access that improve performance of Oracle RAC operations like locking and parallel queries.
Design and verification environment for amba axi protocol for soc integrationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Network-on-chip (NOC) is a new paradigm in complex system-on-chip (SOC) designs that provide efficient on chip communication networks. The data is routed through the networks in terms of packets. The routing of data is mainly done by routers. So the architecture of router must be an efficient one with a lower latency and higher throughput. In this project we designed, implemented and analyzed crossbar router architectures for a network on chip communication in a FPGA. The routers have five ports, four ports connected to other ports in four different directions and the fifth port connected to the processing element through a network interface. Our Proposed architecture contains 4x4 crossbar switch, switch allocator, path and channel request, data ram and 4 i/o ports. The datas ere sent through the routers in order to prevent congestion. The swich allocator and VC allocator are used to allocate the datas in priority order. The switch allocator will allocate the datas according to the path and channel request. The XY algorithm with a scheduler is used in this project for proper destination of the datas.
This document provides an overview of system on chip (SoC) interconnect architectures and standard bus protocols. It discusses key considerations for choosing an interconnect architecture such as bandwidth, latency, and clock domains. Common SoC bus standards including AMBA, CoreConnect, and Wishbone are described along with their bus architectures and components. The document also provides details on specific buses within standards, such as AMBA's AHB, ASB, and APB buses and CoreConnect's PLB, OPB, and DCR buses.
Design and Implementation of SOC Bus Based on AMBA 4.0ijsrd.com
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 specifications in March 2010, which includes Advanced extensible Interface (AXI) 4.0. AMBA bus protocol has become the de facto standard SoC bus. That means more and more existing IPs must be able to communicate with AMBA 4.0 bus. Based on AMBA 4.0 bus, we designed an Intellectual Property (IP) core of Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) Bridge, which translates the AXI4.0-lite transactions into APB 4.0 transactions. The bridge provides an interface between the high-performance AXI bus and low-power APB domain.
This document summarizes network concepts based on a Cisco book. It discusses how PCs communicate, network devices like hubs and switches, IP and MAC addressing, the OSI model and its seven layers, network segmentation using bridges routers and gateways, Ethernet operations, and concepts like cut-through forwarding, interframe gap, carrier signals, and CSMA/CD. The document is presented as a review of key topics in networking and internetworking.
The document discusses different types of storage networks including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), storage area networks (SANs) using Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI, and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). DAS connects storage directly to servers but has limitations. NAS uses a traditional LAN to share storage files between servers but has performance limitations. SANs allow block-level access to centralized storage using high-speed FC networks or iSCSI over Ethernet. FCoE encapsulates FC frames in Ethernet to converge network traffic.
The document provides an overview of the PCI Express system architecture. It discusses the architectural perspective of PCI Express including how it maintains backwards compatibility with PCI/PCI-X while improving performance through serial point-to-point connectivity and packet-based transactions. It also covers the PCI Express transaction model and types, including memory, I/O, configuration and message transactions, as well as posted and non-posted transaction types.
- The document summarizes the author's research advance from February to April, which involved developing an advanced wireless sensor network prototype.
- The advanced prototype integrated another Zigbee solution called Xbee that acts as a coordinator and link routers to enable larger network coverage, and allows sensor information to be sent through satellite communication channels.
- It also has the capability of hardware encryption using the AES algorithm. The network topology includes one Xbee coordinator, one router node, six sensor nodes, and an Iridium 9603 satellite server for communication.
Design and Implementation of Axi-Apb Bridge based on Amba 4.0ijsrd.com
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 specifications in March 2010, which includes Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) 4.0. AMBA bus protocol has become the de facto standard SoC bus. That means more and more existing IPs must be able to communicate with AMBA 4.0 bus. Based on AMBA 4.0 bus, we designed an Intellectual Property (IP) core of Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) bridge, which translates the AXI4.0-lite transactions into APB 4.0 transactions. The bridge provides an interface between the high-performance AXI bus and low-power APB domain.
In this talk, we will explain the functioning of Wireless LANs in theory and in practice.
We will present the IEEE 802.11 standard in general and MAC protocols in particular, by discussing the functions of MAC sublayer management entity and the MAC layer frames in detail.
We will discuss the changes in the states of a WiFi client as it goes through the process of WiFi communication.
Towards the end, we will briefly talk about various vantage points ( at the client side as well as in the air ) that allow us to capture network traffic.
The document discusses Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI), which is a third generation interface specification that is targeted at high performance systems. AXI uses separate address/control and data phases to improve performance. It supports burst transactions where only the start address is issued and multiple outstanding addresses can be in flight simultaneously. AXI consists of five channels to separate read and write operations. Simulation results showed that AXI provides higher throughput than older AMBA interfaces, though older interfaces may have lower latency in some cases. AXI's standardization and flexibility make it useful for integrating IP cores.
Arteris network on chip: The growing cost of wiresArteris
Arteris NoC SoC Interconnect presentation given by Jonah Probell at ARM Technology Conference 9-11 Nov 2010. Explains how traditional AXI fabrics require huge numbers of wires and leads to routing congestion, and how network on chip interconnects address routing congestion by allowing fewer wires. Explains the basics of NoC packetization and serialization.
VERIFICATION OF DRIVER LOGIC USING AMBAAXI UVMVLSICS Design
Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) is the most commonly used bus protocols in the day-to-day because of its high performance and high-frequency operation without using complex bridges. AXI is also backwardcompatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces. So verification of driver logic using AMBA-AXI UVM is presented in this paper. The AXI is used for multiple outstanding operations which is only possible in the
other protocol but it is possible in AXI because it contains different write address and data channels and AXI also supports out of order transfer based on the transaction ID which is generated at the start of the transfer. The driver logic for the AXI has been designed and implemented using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM).The signaling of the five channels such as write address, write data, write response,
read address, read data channel of AXI protocol are considered for verification. According to the AXI protocol,the signals of these channels are driven to the interconnect and results are observed for single master and single slave. The driver logic has been implemented and verified successfully according to AXI protocol using the Rivera Pro. The results observed for single master and single slave have shown the correctness of AMBA-AXI design in Verilog.
VERIFICATION OF DRIVER LOGIC USING AMBAAXI UVMVLSICS Design
Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) is the most commonly used bus protocols in the day-to-day because of its high performance and high-frequency operation without using complex bridges. AXI is also backwardcompatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces. So verification of driver logic using AMBA-AXI UVM is presented in this paper. The AXI is used for multiple outstanding operations which is only possible in the
other protocol but it is possible in AXI because it contains different write address and data channels and AXI also supports out of order transfer based on the transaction ID which is generated at the start of the transfer. The driver logic for the AXI has been designed and implemented using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM).The signaling of the five channels such as write address, write data, write response,
read address, read data channel of AXI protocol are considered for verification. According to the AXI protocol,the signals of these channels are driven to the interconnect and results are observed for single master and single slave. The driver logic has been implemented and verified successfully according to AXI protocol using the Rivera Pro. The results observed for single master and single slave have shown the correctness of AMBA-AXI design in Verilog.
This document discusses principles for designing network topologies, including:
- Using a hierarchical design with core, distribution, and access layers to reduce workload on devices and facilitate scaling. This includes Cisco's common three-layer model.
- Incorporating redundancy, modularity, and well-defined entry/exit points for protection and simplicity.
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops by pruning blocked ports and electing a root bridge, root ports and designated ports on switches. STP must be scaled carefully in large networks.
The document discusses various on-chip bus architectures used for system-on-chip designs. It describes buses such as AMBA, CoreConnect, STBus, Wishbone and others. For each bus, it provides details on the bus hierarchy, protocols, and how they enable connection and data transfer between functional blocks in a system-on-chip.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
PLNOG 13: Artur Pająk: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoEPROIDEA
Artur Pająk – IT Product Manager & Solution Architect, Huawei Polska. Jestem absolwentem Politechniki Warszawskie wydziału Elektroniki i Technik Informacyjnych. Przez ostanie 10 lat pracuję jako architek rozwiązań na rynku IT. W głównej mierze (9,5 roku) moje zawodowe życie związane było z firmą Hewlett-Packard gdzie zajmowałem się projektowaniem rozwiązań pamięci masowych. Ostatnie pół roku to współpraca z największym integratorem na polskim rynku, firmą Asseco Poland. Obecnie związany jestem z firmą Huawei Polska gdzie zajmuję się projektowaniem rozwiązań IT dla klientów w Polsce i krajach Europejskich. “
Temat prezentacji: Storage w sieciach Ethernet, czyli coś o iSCSI I FCoE.
Język prezentacji: Polski
Abstrakt: Na prezentacji przedstawiany będzie kierunek i rozwój rozwiązań pamięci masowych udostępniających zasoby poprzez sieć Ethernet (omówienie protokołów iSCSI i FCoE). Konwergentna infrastruktura oparta o rozwiązania Huawei.
Verification of amba axi bus protocol implementing incr and wrap burst using ...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper describes the development of verification environment for AMBA AXI (Advanced Extensible Interface) protocol using
System Verilog. AXI supports high performance, high-frequency system designs. It is an On-Chip communication protocol. It is
suitable for high-bandwidth and high frequency designs with minimal delays. It provides flexibility in the implementation of
interconnect architectures and avoid use of complex bridges. It is backward-compatible with existing AHB and APB interfaces.
The key features of the AXI protocol are that it consists of separate address, control and data phases. It support unaligned data
transfers using byte strobes. It requires only start address to be issued in a burst-based transaction. It has separate read and write
data channels that provide low-cost Direct Memory Access (DMA). This paper is aimed at the verification of various burst type
transaction (INCR and WRAP) of the AXI bus protocol and the Verification Environment is built using System Verilog coding[1].
Keywords: AMBA AXI, INCR, Wrap Burst, System Verilog
High Performance Communication for Oracle using InfiniBandwebhostingguy
The document discusses how InfiniBand provides benefits for Oracle databases by enabling higher performance communication within Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). InfiniBand allows for faster block transfers, lower CPU utilization, and higher throughput compared to Gigabit Ethernet. It also supports features like remote direct memory access that improve performance of Oracle RAC operations like locking and parallel queries.
Design and verification environment for amba axi protocol for soc integrationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Network-on-chip (NOC) is a new paradigm in complex system-on-chip (SOC) designs that provide efficient on chip communication networks. The data is routed through the networks in terms of packets. The routing of data is mainly done by routers. So the architecture of router must be an efficient one with a lower latency and higher throughput. In this project we designed, implemented and analyzed crossbar router architectures for a network on chip communication in a FPGA. The routers have five ports, four ports connected to other ports in four different directions and the fifth port connected to the processing element through a network interface. Our Proposed architecture contains 4x4 crossbar switch, switch allocator, path and channel request, data ram and 4 i/o ports. The datas ere sent through the routers in order to prevent congestion. The swich allocator and VC allocator are used to allocate the datas in priority order. The switch allocator will allocate the datas according to the path and channel request. The XY algorithm with a scheduler is used in this project for proper destination of the datas.
This document provides an overview of system on chip (SoC) interconnect architectures and standard bus protocols. It discusses key considerations for choosing an interconnect architecture such as bandwidth, latency, and clock domains. Common SoC bus standards including AMBA, CoreConnect, and Wishbone are described along with their bus architectures and components. The document also provides details on specific buses within standards, such as AMBA's AHB, ASB, and APB buses and CoreConnect's PLB, OPB, and DCR buses.
Design and Implementation of SOC Bus Based on AMBA 4.0ijsrd.com
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 specifications in March 2010, which includes Advanced extensible Interface (AXI) 4.0. AMBA bus protocol has become the de facto standard SoC bus. That means more and more existing IPs must be able to communicate with AMBA 4.0 bus. Based on AMBA 4.0 bus, we designed an Intellectual Property (IP) core of Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) Bridge, which translates the AXI4.0-lite transactions into APB 4.0 transactions. The bridge provides an interface between the high-performance AXI bus and low-power APB domain.
This document summarizes network concepts based on a Cisco book. It discusses how PCs communicate, network devices like hubs and switches, IP and MAC addressing, the OSI model and its seven layers, network segmentation using bridges routers and gateways, Ethernet operations, and concepts like cut-through forwarding, interframe gap, carrier signals, and CSMA/CD. The document is presented as a review of key topics in networking and internetworking.
The document discusses different types of storage networks including direct attached storage (DAS), network attached storage (NAS), storage area networks (SANs) using Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI, and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). DAS connects storage directly to servers but has limitations. NAS uses a traditional LAN to share storage files between servers but has performance limitations. SANs allow block-level access to centralized storage using high-speed FC networks or iSCSI over Ethernet. FCoE encapsulates FC frames in Ethernet to converge network traffic.
The document provides an overview of the PCI Express system architecture. It discusses the architectural perspective of PCI Express including how it maintains backwards compatibility with PCI/PCI-X while improving performance through serial point-to-point connectivity and packet-based transactions. It also covers the PCI Express transaction model and types, including memory, I/O, configuration and message transactions, as well as posted and non-posted transaction types.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
4. Recommended Reading
• Chapter 10: On-Chip Buses
P. Schaumont, A Practical Introduction to
Hardware/Software Codesign, 2nd Ed.
M.S. Sadri, ZYNQ Training
(presentations and videos)
• Lesson 1 : What is AXI?
• Lesson 2 : What is an AXI Interconnect?
• Lesson 3 : AXI Stream Interface
8. Source: M.S. Sadri, Zynq Training
Solution Adopted in ZYNQ
Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA):
an open-standard, on-chip interconnect specification
for the connection and management of functional
blocks in system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs.
First version introduced by ARM in 1996.
AMBA Advanced eXtensible Interface 4 (AXI4):
the fourth generation of AMBA interface defined
in the AMBA 4 specification, targeted at
high performance, high clock frequency systems.
Introduced by ARM in 2010.
16. AXI Interfaces and Interconnects
Source: The Zynq Book
Interface
A point-to-point connection for passing data, addresses,
and hand-shaking signals between master and
slave clients within the system
Interconnect
A switch which manages and directs traffic between
attached AXI interfaces
29. Bus Developed
by
High-
Performance
Shared Bus
Peripheral
Shared
Bus
Point-to-Point
Bus
AMBA v3 ARM AHB APB
AMBA v4 ARM AXI4 AXI4-Lite AXI4-Stream
Coreconnect IBM PLB OPB
Wishbone SiliCore
Corp.
Crossbar
Topology
Shared
Topology
Point to Point
Topology
Avalon Altera Avalon-MM Avalon-MM Avalon-ST
AMBA: Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture
AXI: Advanced eXtensible Interface
AHB: AMBA High-speed Bus
APB: AMBA Peripheral Bus
PLB: Processor Local Bus
OPB: On-chip Peripheral Bus
MM: Memory Mapped
ST: Streaming
Competing System-on-Chip Bus Standards
Source: A Practical Introduction to
Hardware/Software Codesign
55. AXI Interfaces and Interconnects
Source: The Zynq Book
Interface
A point-to-point connection for passing data, addresses,
and hand-shaking signals between master and
slave clients within the system
Interconnect
A switch which manages and directs traffic between
attached AXI interfaces
56. Zynq AXI PS-PL Interfaces
ACP - Accelerator Coherency Port
58. • GP ports are designed for maximum flexibility
• Allow register access from PS to PL or PL to PS
• Good for Synchronization
• Prefer ACP or HP port for data transport
General-Purpose Port Summary
59. • HP ports are designed for maximum bandwidth
access to external memory and On-Chip Memory (OCM)
• When combined can saturate external memory
and OCM bandwidth
– HP Ports : 4 * 64 bits * 150 MHz * 2 = 9.6 GByte/sec
– external DDR: 1 * 32 bits * 1066 MHz * 2 = 4.3 GByte/sec
– OCM : 64 bits * 222 MHz * 2 = 3.5 GByte/sec
• Optimized for large burst lengths and many
outstanding transactions
• Large data buffers to amortize access latency
• Efficient upsizing/downsizing for 32 bit accesses
High-Performance Port Summary
60. • ACP allows limited support for Hardware Coherency
– Allows a PL accelerator to access cache of the Cortex-A9 processors
– PL has access through the same path as CPUs including caches,
OCM, DDR, and peripherals
– Access is low latency (assuming data is in processor cache)
no switches in path
• ACP does not allow full coherency
– PL is not notified of changes in processor caches
– Use write to PL register for synchronization
• ACP is compromise between bandwidth and latency
– Optimized for cache line length transfers
– Low latency for L1/L2 hits
– Minimal buffering to hide external memory latency
– One shared 64 bit interface, limit of 8 masters
Accelerator Coherency Port (ACP) Summary
64. AXI DMA-based Accelerator Communication
Write to Accelerator
• processor allocates buffer
• processor writes data into buffer
• processor flushes cache for buffer
• processor initiates DMA transfer
Read from Accelerator
• processor allocates buffer
• processor initiates DMA transfer
• processor waits for DMA to complete
• processor invalidates cache for buffer
• processor reads data from buffer
66. Coherent AXI DMA-based Accelerator
Communication
Write to Accelerator
• processor allocates buffer
• processor writes data into buffer
• processor flushes cache for buffer
• processor initiates DMA transfer
Read from Accelerator
• processor allocates buffer
• processor initiates DMA transfer
• processor waits for DMA to complete
• processor invalidates cache for buffer
• processor reads data from buffer
75. Number of Channels
the number of channels: 1..16
Parameters of AXI DMA Core (1)
Memory Map Data Width
data width in bits of the AXI MM2S Memory Map Read
data bus: 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 or 1,024
Stream Data Width
data width in bits of the AXI MM2S AXI4-Stream Data bus:
8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 512 or 1,024;
Stream Data Width ≤ Memory Map Data Width;
Max Burst Size
maximum size of burst on the AXI4-Memory Map side of
MM2S: 2, 4, 8,16, 32, 64, 128, or 256
76. Enable Asynchronous Clocks
0 – all clocks inputs should be connected to the same clock signal
1 – separate asynchronous clocks for MM2S interface,
S2MM interface, AXI4-Lite control interface, and the
Scatter Gather Interface
Enable Scatter Gather Engine
0 – Simple DMA Mode operation
1 – Scatter Gather Mode operation; the Scatter Gather Engine
included in AXI DMA
Options of AXI DMA Core (1)
77. Enable Micro DMA
0 – regular DMA
1 – area-optimized DMA; the maximum number of bytes
per transaction = MMap_Data_width * Burst_length/8;
addressing restricted to burst boundries
Enable Multi Channel Support
0 – the number of channels fixed at 1 for both directions
1 – the number of channels can be greater than 1
Options of AXI DMA Core (2)
78. Enable Control/Status Stream
0 – no AXI4 Control/Status Streams
1 – The AXI4 Control stream allows user application metadata
associated with the MM2S channel to be transmitted to
a target IP. The AXI4 Status stream allows user application
metadata associated with the S2MM channel to be received
from a target IP.
Width of Buffer Length Register (8-23)
For Simple DMA mode:
the number of valid bits in the MM2S_LENGTH and
S2MM_LENGTH registers
For Scatter Gather mode:
the number of valid bits used for the Control field buffer length
and Status field bytes transferred in the Scatter/Gather descriptors
Options of AXI DMA Core (3)
79. Allow Unaligned Transfers
Enables or disables the MM2S Data Realignment Engine (DRE).
If the DRE is enabled, data reads can start from any Buffer
Address byte offset, and the read data is aligned such that
the first byte read is the first valid byte out on the AXI4-Stream.
Use RxLength In Status Stream
Allows AXI DMA to use a receive length field that is supplied
by the S2MM target IP in the App4 field of the status packet.
This gives AXI DMA a pre-determined receive byte count,
allowing AXI DMA to command the exact number of bytes to
be transferred.
Options of AXI DMA Core (4)
80. 1. Start the MM2S channel running by setting the run/stop bit
to 1, MM2S_DMACR.RS = 1.
2. If desired, enable interrupts by writing a 1 to
MM2S_DMACR.IOC_IrqEn and MM2S_DMACR.Err_IrqEn.
3. Write a valid source address to the MM2S_SA register.
4. Write the number of bytes to transfer in
the MM2S_LENGTH register.
The MM2S_LENGTH register must be written last.
All other MM2S registers can be written in any order.
Simple DMA Transfer
Programming Sequence for MM2S channel (1)
81. 1. Start the S2MM channel running by setting the run/stop bit
to 1, S2MM_DMACR.RS = 1.
2. If desired, enable interrupts by by writing a 1 to
S2MM_DMACR.IOC_IrqEn and S2MM_DMACR.Err_IrqEn.
3. Write a valid destination address to the S2MM_DA register.
4. Write the length in bytes of the receive buffer in the
S2MM_LENGTH register.
The S2MM_LENGTH register must be written last.
All other S2MM registers can be written in any order.
Simple DMA Transfer
Programming Sequence for S2MM channel (1)
82. Scatter Gather DMA Mode
Source: Symbian OS Internals/13. Peripheral Support
84. 1. Write the address of the starting descriptor to
the Current Descriptor register
2. Start the MM2S channel running by setting the run/stop bit
to 1, MM2S_DMACR.RS = 1.
3. If desired, enable interrupts by writing a 1 to
MM2S_DMACR.IOC_IrqEn and MM2S_DMACR.Err_IrqEn.
4. Write a valid address to the Tail Descriptor register.
Writing to the Tail Descriptor register triggers the DMA
to start fetching the descriptors from the memory.
Scatter Gather DMA Transfer
Programming Sequence for MM2S channel (1)
85. 1. Write the address of the starting descriptor to
the Current Descriptor register
2. Start the S2MM channel running by setting the run/stop bit
to 1, S2MM_DMACR.RS = 1.
3. If desired, enable interrupts by by writing a 1 to
S2MM_DMACR.IOC_IrqEn and S2MM_DMACR.Err_IrqEn.
4. Write a valid address to the Tail Descriptor register.
Writing to the Tail Descriptor register triggers the DMA
to start fetching the descriptors from the memory.
Simple DMA Transfer
Programming Sequence for S2MM channel (1)