1. Awareness Support in Global Software Development: A Systematic Review Based on the 3C Collaboration Model Igor Steinmacher Ana Paula Chaves Steinmacher Marco Aurelio Gerosa

2. TypesofStudies Primary studies experiments, case studies, surveys etc. Secondary studies (e.g. systematic review) for a specific subject analyze the existing literature Gather and give interpretation to spread empirical data Analyze evidences Identify new research areas 2

3. SystematicReview Verycommon in medicine 3

4. Systematic Review Aims to present a fair evaluation of a research topic by using a trustworthy, rigorous, and auditable methodology [Kitchenham, 2004] Consists of three stages: Review Planning Review Conduction Review Analysis 4 Kitchenham, B.: Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Tech. rep., Keele Universityand NICTA (2004)

5. Review Planning: Protocol Research Questions Q1: What are the awareness studies carried out in order to improve the Global Software Development scenario? Q2: Which of the 3Cs are these studies supporting? 5

6. 3C CollaborationModel Borghoff, U.M. and Schlichter, J.H. (2000): Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Introduction to Distributed Applications. Springer, USA. Ellis, C.A., Gibbs, S.J. & Rein, G.L. (1991): Groupware - Some Issues and Experiences. Communications of the ACM, Vol.34, No. 1, pp. 38-58. 6

7. Review Planning: Protocol Keywords defined based on research questions 7

8. Review Planning: Protocol Search Sources Science@Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com) El Compendex (http://www.engineeringvillage.com) IEEE Digital Library (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/) ACM Digital Library (http://portal.acm.org) Only studies written in English and with online full paper available were considered 8

9. Review Planning: Protocol Inclusion/Exclusion process: 1. Paper title and keywords analysis 2. Analysis based on the reading of papers abstracts and keywords, considering research questions 3. Analysis of introduction, conclusion, and specific parts related to the contributions 4. All studies selected so far were read by the researchers and documented on a proper form 9

10. Review Planning: Protocol The first three steps were performed by two researchers, independently All the steps were reviewed by a more experienced researcher We've dismissed: studies related to awareness which did not focus on GSD domain studies related to a same tool or environment, keeping just the most recent one (classifying them as duplicated) 10

11. Review Planning: Protocol Studies categorization: (i) case studies (ii) theoretical studies (iii) experiments (iv) tools (including frameworks and architectures) (v) literature reviews 11

12. Review Planning: Protocol Studies were also categorized according to the level of support of each 3C model dimensions 3: Mainly supports 2: Also supports 1: Indirectly supports 0: Does not support 12

13. ReviewConduction Query string is used to retrieve the candidate studies Primary studies are identified, selected and evaluated according to the process defined in the review protocol 13

14. Review Conduction Distribution of studies found 14

15. ReviewAnalysis Data from the studies selected are extracted and synthesized Analysis performed Studies per year Studies per type 3C collaboration model categorization 15

16. Review Analysis Amount of relevant studies per year 16

17. Review Analysis Venn Diagram for type of primary studies 17 9 9 33 5

18. Review Analysis Distribution according to 3C model 18 27 39 9

19. Review Analysis: tools classification according to the 3C model

20. Conclusions 79% of primary studies introduce a new tool with some awareness support to GSD gathering information from source code version management repositories, provide awareness, supporting coordination and cooperation. Regarding 3C model Studies focus on coordination Communication is poorly explored 20

21. Conclusions: some opportunities Lack of studies and tools offering solutions that could provide awareness regarding recent (or real time) context No studies merging ubiquitous computing, GSD and awareness Few studies dealing with how to use awareness regarding the physical location of a team member 21

22. Conclusions: some opportunities We could not find studies providing awareness support to development phases other than coding We have not found studies dealing with awareness to overcome issues related to cultural, political, geographical differences Lack of awareness initiatives to avoid ambiguity and misunderstandings 22

24. There still available for more research

25. More details regarding this review can be found at www.igor.pro.br/awarenessRS23

26. Limitations We did not perform our search into every possible source Classification is a human process and can be considered subjective 24

27. Thank you! Marco A. Gerosa University of Sao Paulo gerosa@ime.usp.br 25