Avalon Energia is an open-source initiative. It's aim is to solve the climate crisis by encouraging the build up of global carbon-free nuclear energy by solving the nuclear waste issue. Avalon Energia's plan is to remove the obstacles (public opinion, legislation, repository cities) in Finland to safely dispose of global high-level nuclear waste in a network of deep geological repositories in the bedrock of Finland. This is an estimated 10B€ per year or 1T€ total business for Finland. This high-level nuclear waste can be reprocessed in the future to power the entire planet with clean energy for over 70 years. Opinion polls in different countries show that the popularity of nuclear energy skyrockets, if the nuclear waste issues is solved. Let's Rock It!

1. 1
International Nuclear Waste Repository Network
Rocking it.

2. This Deck
Story To This DayA
Sustainable EnergyB
Nuclear Waste DisposalC
Avalon EnergiaD
Curriculum Vitae PDF
https://bit.ly/2uXMNAr
Slush Presentation Video
http://bit.ly/2apNIzb
LINKS
Mars One Application Video
http://bit.ly/1wKNq8L
2
Pages 2-5
Pages 6-22
Pages 23-25
Pages 26-55

3. Civil Engineer, M.Sc. (Aalto University, Finland)
• Geotechnical, Structural, Energy Engineering
• Career at engineering company Pöyry
• Speciality in nuclear waste management
Entrepreneur
• EntoCube (insect farming tech & food), Founder
• Avalon Energia (nuclear waste disposal), Founder
• Startup Sauna (FIN), Kickstart (CH), NY Space
Alliance (US) startup programs
• A top 120 Technical Expert in Finland in 2016
• Leader of Tomorrow at 47th/48th St. Gallen Symposiums
• Farming Specialist at NASA Epic Challenge 2015-
Medical Sergeant (Finnish Defense Forces)
Astronaut Candidate (Mars One)
• Selected among 200,000 global applicants
Robert Nemlander
3

4. Insect Farming Technologies & Edible Insect Foods
EntoCube Deck
https://bit.ly/2Qyghf9
EntoCube Story
https://bit.ly/2HkIrpw

5. 70%40%
35%
25%
30%
Public approval of insect food
Change is possible with right messaging
2015-16
Sources: University of Turku [2016], University of Eastern Finland [2017, Kyushu University [2017]
5

6. Key to powering two planets,
Earth and Mars…
Sustainable Energy Production
6

7. Time To Adapt – Climate Collapse is 95 % Certain
95% Chance of Runaway Climate
Change
●
10-50 m Sea Level Rise, 3-8 C
Temperature Rise, Agriculture
Collapse, Climate Refugees
●
Limitation and Adaption
●
National Security
●
Energy and Food Self-Sufficiency
●
NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL:
Best chance for the world to limit
climate change and only chance for
Finland to gain an energy resource
to adapt
(with recycled nuclear waste and greenhouses)
7

8. What Are YOU Going To Do?
8

9. Problem: Climate Change
Source: EPA
Share of global greenhouse
gas emissions
Share of nuclear energy ENERGY PRODUCTION <50%2.6%
9

10. 00:00 12:006:00 18:00 00:00
Time of Day
Load [GW]
Waking up
Going to
work…
Lunch!
Out of
work!
Sleepy
time
Coffee
machines on
Factories
on
Lunch!
Netflix
on
Bed time
Daily Electricity Demand: Grid Minute-by-Minute
12:006:00 18:00
10

11. 00:00 12:006:00 18:00 00:00
Time of Day
Load [GW]
Daily Electricity Demand: Grid Characteristics
12:006:00 18:00
Baseload power
Peaking power
Over-production:
Import, power
outages
Under-production:
Grid overload, export,
capacity shutdown,
sell at loss to increase
demand
24/7
11

12. 00:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
Time of Day
Load [GW]
Daily Electricity Demand: Building a Balanced Grid
18:00
BIOMASS
HYDRO
GEOTHERMAL
NUCLEAR
COAL
Dams in rivers
Mountains needed
Norway: 99% hydro
Underground steam
Volcanism needed
Iceland: 27% geo
Burning wood/food
Side streams, forests,
crops, logistics needed
45
WIND
4
18
16
1001
48
12
469
SOLAR
GASPUMPED
STORAGE
EMISSIONS
g CO2eq/kWh
sunset
windy
100
47
WITH CCS
Extra energy is stored for later use
via pumped-storage hydroelectric
stations in the mountains
Market demand is increased by decreasing
electricity price (even negative price) when
there is too much electricity production
REGIONAL
ENERGY
BASELOAD
ENERGY
VARIABLE
ENERGY
BIOMASS
HYDRO
GEO
NUCLEAR
Boiling water with U
Waste disposal needed
France: 72% nuclear
Burning coal
CCS/CCU needed
World: 40% coalCOAL
SOLAR
Harvesting sunlight
Energy storage, gas
power needed
Catching wind
Energy storage, gas
power needed
WIND
GAS
Burning natural gas
CCS/CCU needed
World: 22% gasPumping water up & down
Mountains, transmission
lines needed → or no storage
World: 96% of storagePUMPED STORAGE
0.1
12
0.04
60
0.154
SAFETY
Deaths/TWh
0.44
12

13. 00:00 12:006:00 18:00 00:00
Time of Day
Load [GW]
Daily Electricity Demand: Challenges of a Solar/Wind Grid
12:006:00 18:00
BIOMASS
HYDRODO NOT
SCALE UP
Limited rivers and mountains
Limited forests and crops
summer Sun winter Sun
PUMPED
STORAGE Limited mountains available
- Assuming a Ban on Coal and Nuclear -
GAS
LIMITATIONS
- No amount of wind mills and solar panels changes
the variable nature of electricity production
- Limited electricity storage capacity and technologies
- Carbon-free heating is not addressed
SOLUTION PORTFOLIO
- CCS/CCU in coal and gas plants to decrease CO2
- Distributed baseload network of small modular
nuclear reactors (for both electricity and heat)
- Limitation of solar and wind in the grid to a max
- Expanding the electric transmission line network
- Electric grid maintenance and optimization services
- R&D investments into future grid-scale energy storage
- R&D investments into future fusion energy
windy
not windy
DID YOU KNOW:
Gas plants are best-suited as
a peaking power source in a
renewable-heavy electric grid
Gas plants can react to a
change in the electric grid in
seconds, while coal plants can
react in only minutes
RESULT
- Massive increase in natural gas use (incl. geopolitics)
- Unstable electric grid (power outages)
13

14. Wind Energy capacity in 2015 Solar Energy capacity in 2015Energy consumption
Baseload power
(coal, nuclear,
bio, hydro)
Peaking power
(coal, gas)
Variable power
(wind, solar)
WIND VARIES
0...45 GW
SOLAR VARIES
0...40 GW
Source: https://www.energy-charts.de/power.htm
Daily Electricity Demand: Case Germany

15. Baseload power
(coal, nuclear, bio,
hydro)
Peaking power
(coal, gas)
Variable power
(wind, solar)
WIND VARIES
0...45 GW
SOLAR VARIES
0...40 GW
Bio for animal feed (eg. insect
food and feed) and biochar
Increase uranium (eg. by 25 GW
or 25 mid-sized reactors)
?
Coal with CCS tech as peaking
power as needed (eg. 20 GW)
Gas with CCS tech as peaking
power as needed (eg. 10 GW)
Increase battery storage (eg. 100
GWh is >€50B)
Next-gen battery
storage systems
Fusion energy
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS
(50+ years)
SHORT-TERM SOLUTIONS
(5-50 years)
Solar capacity
Wind capacity
Solar capacity
Wind capacity
Source: https://www.energy-charts.de/power.htm
min. needed energy capacity
Problem: Baseload Energy
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY COCKTAIL
Solar • Wind • Energy Storage •
Carbon Capture & Storage •
NUCLEAR FISSIONProblems with long-term solutions:
• Commercial fusion reactors are 50+ years away
• Experimental reactor: 20 y → Demonstration reactor 20 y → Commercial reactor 10+ y → Scaling up
• Private/public work distribution, private investments and basic research are lacking; public R&D focusing on large, slow-built test reactors
• No viable commercial alternatives to Li-ion batteries (or pumped hydropower) in the horizon for scalable grid-scale energy storage
Problems with short-term solutions:
• Nuclear energy has a marketing (public opinion, legislation) problem: safety, economics, nuclear waste
• CCS/CCU tech is immature and economical when carbon prices are raised to 50-100 €/CO2-ton from
the current EU level of ~30 €/CO2-ton (in reality 5-10 €/CO2-ton because of over-abundance of permits)
• Li-ion batteries are an unrealistic solution to global grid-scale energy storage, because of limits of lithium
mineral reserves, small battery production capacity (300 GWh/y in 2030) and economics (unsubsidized ROI)
• Solar and wind produce electricity intermittently, so an equal capacity of peaking power plants (gas, coal) are
needed in the grid, and the need for baseload electricity and other sustainable district heating sources remain

16. Pumped Hydro: 96% of Global Energy Storage
16

17. We must act now on existing solutions.
The solution for baseload energy…?
NUCLEAR ENERGY
17

18. Nuclear energy is…
Source: CNA
safe clean affordable
…and reliable
18

19. …and new technologies can solve remaining issues
• New fission reactor models, incl. SMRs (small modular reactors)
• Oceans as an unlimited source of uranium
• Nuclear waste diamond batteries
• Spent uranium can be geologically disposed and, in the future, recycled
19

20. Radiation is as Natural as Temperature
…but too much of either one is bad for you!
Both can be contained safely for useful purposes…
Temperature (C)
Radiation (mSv)
Tritium
Americium
20

21. Radiation in Everyday Life Scale
A banana is radioactive: Banana Equivalent Dose (BED) is 0.1 µSv or one
Sleeping next
to someone
one night
0.5 ×
100 g of
Brazil nuts
100 ×
Chest
X-ray
140 ×
Transatlantic
flight
800 ×
One hour 2-m
away from
nuclear waste in
the repository
2 ×
Normal
annual dose
in t
27 000 ×
Normal
annual dose
in t
62 000 ×
Normal
annual dose
in g
32 000 ×
Spine CT
scan
100 000 ×
Annual limit
for nuclear
workers
200 000 ×
Smoke 1½
packs per day
for a year
800 000 ×
6-month space
flight to Mars
2 500 000 ×
One year on
Mars
2 500 000 ×
Career limit for
astronauts
10 000 000 ×
Minor radiation sickness
symptoms for those
receiving it in < 24 h
10 000 000 ×
Radiation sickness and
fatality for those receiving
it in < 24 h
60 000 000 ×
Would kill half of those
receiving it in a month
50 000 000 ×
6 minutes next to
unshielded 1-year-old
spent uranium fuel
50 000 000 ×
One hour 1-m
away from
nuclear waste
capsule during
transport
300 ×
21

22. Safety Economics Nuclear waste
• Statistically safe and clean
• Known risks of nuclear vs unknown
consequences of carbon emissions
- climate change and refugees, resource
wars, food shortages, pollution deaths
• New fool-proof reactor technologies
- 4th generation models, recycling (fast
reactors), thorium (MSR), modular (SMR)
New technology Smart policies
Geological disposal
and recycling
• Carbon taxes and smart incentives in
the energy sector
• Type-approval of nuclear reactors
- cuts costs, increases safety and speeds
up construction via modularity
• Long-term political support
- cuts cost of capital and increases long-
term investments
• More reactor permits and SMRs
- allows for distributed, quickly-built SMRs
for local, reliable electricity and heat
• Deep geological repositories for safe
disposal of high-level nuclear waste (HLW)
aka spent uranium pellets
• Finland is the best chance for
international HLW repositories due to
politics, geology, tech and limited time
• Public support for nuclear energy
skyrockets if waste issue is solved (stats)
22

23. Key challenge for nuclear energy...
High-Level Nuclear Waste (HLW)
23

24. Geological HLW Repository – The Story
FINLAND
• Finland has four nuclear reactors, dating back to the 1970s and 1980s, owned by Fortum and TVO.
• In 1995, Fortum and TVO founded Posiva, which is responsible for managing their HLW aka spent uranium.
• Building on 40 years of Finnish and Swedish research, Posiva is building a Finnish geological repository for 12,000
tonnes of spent uranium at a cost of €3.5B over 100 years.
• The Olkiluoto Repository will come online in the 2020s and be the first in the world.
SAFETY
• A geological repository is beyond safe to anything biological at ground level.
• The Olkiluoto Repository is at a depth of 420 meters from ground level in the bedrock.
• 1-2 meters of bedrock blocks all direct radiation on Day 1, and the radiation level dissipates exponentially.
• The canisters are designed to endure at least 100,000 years and up to millions of years.
• The repository will be sealed, but access is possible, if recycling technology is developed in the future.
WORLD
• There is 300,000 tonnes of spent uranium around the world now without a disposal plan.
• 12,000 tonnes more of spent uranium is produced annually.
• HLW is perceived as a key problem with nuclear energy, but geological repositories are a working solution.
24

25. Geo Repository Video
http://bit.ly/2uu1ABQ
Avalon Energia is not
affiliated with Posiva
Olkiluoto HLW Repository in Finland – A World First
25
Geo Disposal Principles
https://bit.ly/2wqIBXv

26. 26
International Nuclear Waste Repository Network
Rocking it.

27. Objectives
2. Identify HLW repository sites in Finland
3. Amend the Finnish Nuclear Energy Law to allow for import of intl HLW
5. Bury global HLW in a network of repositories in the Finnish bedrock
EFFECTS: We encourage more nuclear power worldwide to battle climate change
and, at the same time, provide Finland with an energy resource to adapt to it
1. Win public support for intl HLW repositories in Finland
6. Recycle HLW when future technology is developed
Remove The Barriers
”
”
Build The Repositories
”
”
4. Build trust with intl partners and secure MOUs for intl HLW
27

28. FACTS
STORYEXPERIENCE
The Golden Circle
What
WhyHow
DistantEmpty
Illogical
Messaging
28

29. Over 100 Identified Candidates
Geological Survey Areas
1983-85
Eurajoki
Sievi
Äänekoski
Kuhmo
Hyrynsalmi
Eurajoki
Äänekoski Kuhmo
Loviisa
Preliminary Site Investigations
1986-92
• Over 100 repository site candidates based on geology
• Eurajoki won selection (2000) due to local acceptance and logistics
Detailed Site Investigations
1993-2000
Avalon Energia Search Process (2018-)
Provide Info To All → Volunteer Municipalities Approach → Intro
→ Check Geology → Plan Repository Network Logistics (Rail) 29

30. Finnish Nuclear Energy Law
Nuclear Energy Law (11.12.1987/990):
Exporting nuclear waste from Finland is prohibited
Source: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1987/19870990
Importing nuclear waste to Finland is prohibited
30
EU Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management Directive:
The export of radioactive waste for disposal in countries
outside the EU is allowed only under strict conditions
Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0070&qid=1397211079180
Amendment of Finnish Nuclear Energy Law or Adopting EU Legislation as 1st Step

31. Global HLW Inventory is Existing and Growing
Source: http://fissilematerials.org/library/ipfm-spent-fuel-overview-june-2011.pdf
31
U.S. Nuclear Waste Video
https://bit.ly/2MCo2gL
2018: ~400,000 t

32. Global HLW Fits Onto 4 Football Fields
Volume of Global HLW:
4 FOOTBALL FIELDS
40 Years of Swiss HLW in One Room
Source: https://www.generationatomic.org/why-nuclear / https://www.zwilag.ch/en/cask-storage-hall-_content---1--1054.html

33. Many Paying Customers for HLW Solution
Source: https://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7323-radioactive-waste-inventory-strategy.pdf
Country Spent Fuel Type HLW Disposal Strategy NPPs
Capacity,
electricity [MW]
Production, electricity
[GWh]
National share,
electricity [%]
Argentina - - 3 1632 7677 5.6
Armenia - - 1 375 2195 31.4
Australia RR Return to supplier (US)
Austria RR Return to supplier (US)
Belgium NPP/RR No strategy 7 5913 41430 51.7
Brazil - - 2 1884 14970 2.9
Bulgaria - - 2 1926 15083 35
Canada NPP/RR Direct disposal 19 13554 95650 15.6
China - - 36 31384 197829 3.6
Czech Republic NPP/RR Direct disposal 6 3930 22730 29.4
Denmark RR Disposal abroad
Finland NPP/RR Direct disposal 4 2764 22280 33.7
France NPP/RR Reprocessing 58 63130 386453 72.3
Germany NPP/RR Direct disposal / Return to supplier 8 10799 80070 13.1
Greece RR Return to supplier
Hungary NPP/RR No strategy 4 1889 15183 51.3
India - - 22 6240 35007 3.4
Iran - - 1 915 5924 2.1
Italy NPP/RR Reprocessing (in France)
Japan NPP/RR Reprocessing 43 40290 17537 2.2
South Korea NPP/RR Direct disposal 25 23077 154307 30.3
Mexico NPP No strategy 2 1552 10272 6.2
Netherlands NPP/RR Reprocessing (in France) / RR direct disposal 1 482 3750 3.4
Norway RR Direct disposal / Reprocessing abroad
Pakistan - - 4 1005 5439 4.4
Poland RR Return to supplier / No strategy
Portugal RR Return to supplier
Romania - - 2 1306 10388 17.1
Russia NPP/RR Reprocessing / Direct disposal 37 26528 184054 17.1
Slovakia NPP/RR Direct disposal / Reprocessing abroad 4 1814 13733 54.1
Slovenia NPP Direct disposal / Reprocessing abroad 1 688 5431 35.2
Spain NPP/RR Direct disposal 7 7121 56102 21.4
Sweden NPP/RR Direct disposal 10 9740 60647 40
Switzerland NPP/RR Reprocessing 5 3333 20303 34.4
Taiwan - - 6 5052 30461 13.7
Turkey RR Reprocessing or direct disposal
Ukraine - - 15 13107 76078 52.3
UK NPP/RR Reprocessing / Direct disposal 15 8918 65149 20.4
USA NPP/RR Direct disposal 100 100351 804873 19.7
Total 450 390699 2461005 10.9
Countries with Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and Research Reactors (RR) [2016]
Massive Potential for Future Nuclear Growth
• More nuclear electricity production
• More nuclear heat production
• New SMR (small modular reactor) technologies
• More nuclear waste to geologically dispose of
• Economical nuclear waste recycling technologies
• Sustainable extraction of uranium from sea water
• Nuclear waste diamond batteries for energy storage
• SMR technologies for manned space exploration
33

34. This Is The Route To Public Approval of Nuclear Energy
34
Source: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6859-public-attitudes.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3plNyB5U3-zdc5gAvvSEus9p5nU-tTFyFEP6nq3Ig6GMgaupIzzSPpcek
OECD Study 2010
“38% of those opposed to nuclear energy would support it, if the issue of
radioactive waste disposal were to be resolved. Just over a half (57%) of people
opposed to nuclear would continue to be opposed if the issue of waste were
resolved.
• 92% agree that a solution for highly radioactive waste should be
developed now and not left for future generations; •
• 81% believe that it is politically unpopular to take decisions about
the handling of any dangerous waste; •
• 79% think that the delay in making decisions in most countries
means there is no safe way of disposing of highly radioactive waste.
It is immediately clear that opposition to nuclear energy would reduce
considerably if the matter of waste disposal were resolved.”

35. Team Track Record
Public support Legislation
Engineering &
Business
Transformed Finland
into the most insect
food friendly country in
the world in 2-3 years
70% national approval
Public speaking, events,
products, media, jobs,
science, marketing
Lobbied successfully to
legalize insects as food
in Finland – with work
in the EU on-going
Proven successful
marketing and lobbying
strategies in an
unfavorable legislative
environment
Professional speciality
and experience in
geological nuclear
waste management
Intl startup and biz
experience, funding
rounds, building a new
industry from nothing,
understanding of rural
Finland via agri-biz
35

36. Why Finland
CLIMATE CHANGE
SAFE
JOBS
Geological disposal of
nuclear waste is safe
•
Finland has 40 years
experience & best tech
•
Finland is a politically
stable & neutral nation
GOOD BUSINESSBEST HOPE
ENERGY SOURCE
Finland lacks natural
energy sources
•
Recycled HLW can
power the world 72 years
•
Finland can store HLW
as a future energy source
Intl repositories create
thousands of jobs
•
Tunneling, ship-building,
infra, design, science
•
Finland keeps talent,
data & nuclear waste
Climate change is a
threat to the world
•
Energy production needs
low-emission nuclear
•
Nuclear waste is
perceived as obstacle for
more nuclear
2-4 times cheaper to
build than elsewhere due
to superb geology
•
Profit potential €10B/a
for 100 years
•
Will revolutionize
national economy
(federal budget €50B/a)
Only country with own
HLW repository
•
10-20 years ahead of
the world
•
100 repository sites
already identified
•
Highly-educated, open
& small population
(overcoming political
& public obstacles)
36

37. Everybody Wins!
Jobs
Personal/Community AE Investments
Community Development
Public Benefits
Disposal & Pass-through Fee Revenue
Jobs & Tax Revenues
Municipal AE Investments
Infra Development
Disposal Fee and Recycled HLW Revenue
International Disposal Exclusivity
Safe-keeping Proprietary Know-how
Disposal Fee and Tax Revenue
Better Environment & Stability
Global Energy Superpower
Energy Independence via HLW Recycling
Solution to Nuclear Waste
Cost-effective & Politically-savvy
Global Stability (by addressing energy and climate change)
Finland is Trustworthy & Neutral
Opens Door to More Nuclear Power
Knock Out Climate Change
More Carbon-free Nuclear Power
Safe Nuclear Waste Disposal
Better Future for our Children
Government All Countries Planet Earth
Citizens Municipalities The Company
Present Case ● Feedback ● Poll Opinion Ask Volunteers ● Present Case ● Start Journey Present Case ● Co-operate ● Exit
Make Popular ● Amend Law ● Oversight Present Case ● Establish Trust ● Co-operate Fight For It ● Never Surrender ● Adapt
37

38. Not a New Idea
Pangea Resources
http://bit.ly/2w1G1p3
Australian report 2016
http://bit.ly/2leof0e
• A group of well-funded multinational companies attempted to
establish an international HLW repository in Australia in the 1990s
• Pangea Resources
• Idea failed due to poor tactics and resulting public outcry
• Learning points:
• Radical public openness and inclusivity are needed
• Nationally-led project, not international
• Publicly-owned company
• Country should have experience in nuclear energy
• Public approval is not about the level of funding, but messaging
38

39. Posiva Oy
Olkiluoto Repository
Nuclear Energy Industry in Finland
39
Posiva Solutions Oy
International consultation
LO1 LO2
60%
40%
100%
OL1 OL2
OL3 OL4
Hanhikivi 1
EPV Energia Oy
Oy Mankala Ab
Waste Disposal Nuclear Reactors Shareholders
Government of Finland
Pension funds, banks, etc (<1%)
Raos Voima Oy
Fortum Oy
Hanhikiven Sähkönmyynti Oy
Huoltovoima Oy
Kaakon Energia Oy
Katternö Kärnkraft Oy Ab
Lahti Energia Oy
Majakka Voima Oy
Outokumpu Oyj
Oy Turku Energia Ab
Pohjois-Suomen Voima Oy
Rauman Energia Oy
Rautaruukki Oyj
SF Kaukolämpö Oy
SRV Voima Oy
Suomen Voima Oy
Vantaan Energia Oy
Voimajunkkarit Oy
Yrittäjien Voima Oy
Oversight & Research
51%
49%
26%
59%
7%
1%
8%
0.1%
66%
34%
100%
52%
16%
6%
4%
5%
5%
Partnerorcompetitor
Customer?
Ownership
Finnish government, companies,
funds, banks, investors
LO3

40. Founding Plan
40
Important Considerations in the Ownership and Funding Plan
1 Marketing and lobbying to remove obstacles for disposal (2018-2022)
Construction of the geological repository network (2022-)
Tech development of nuclear reactors to recycle HLW (2030-)
THREE DIFFERENT OPERATIONS
2
3
• Investor profile: Short-term, small (3-6 years, millions-€) – Ideally thousands of Finnish private citizens to benefit them directly
• Team profile: PR, marketing and lobbying (with a focus in Finland)
• Business model challenge: Model for Return on Investment (ROI) for short-term investors
• Exit challenge: Finding partners for an Exit and the model for their ROI
• Base assumption: Reaching the objectives in Finland is only possible, if it directly financially benefits Finnish citizens and cities – thousands of Finnish shareholders
can help influence public opinion, lobby legislative change and persuade repository cities, eg. via a crowd-equity funding campaign and assured exit.
• Investor profile: Long-term, large (decades, billions-€) – Ideally Finnish institutional investors (eg. pension funds, government) to benefit the Finnish economy
• Team profile: Civil engineering, business, PR, marketing (both in Finland and internationally)
• Business model challenge: Will Posiva Oy be a partner or a competitor (as Posiva, TVO and Fortum refuse to talk before legislative change), and so how will Posiva be
either included in the ownership structure later, forced to co-operate or straight-up out-competed?
• Revenue stream: Fees from international energy companies to dispose of their HLW
• Investor profile: Long-term, large (decades, billions-€) – Reinvesting profits from HLW disposal, and international investors, energy companies and governments
• Team profile: Nuclear engineering, science, business, marketing (internationally)
• Partner profiles: Research institutes, international energy companies and startups, governments
• Business model challenge: Investments in HLW recycling technologies can be initiated later once profits from HLW disposal flow in. Finland does not have the resources
to develop and implement nuclear waste recycling technologies solo, so international partners are required. This is good for establishing international trust now on day
one, because a strong, mutually beneficial relationship is established when Finland and other countries/companies need each other for the different operations.
• Revenue stream: Sale of electricity and heat, and fees from selling recycled nuclear fuel to international energy companies

41. Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd
Construction company for building the
nuclear waste repository network
Founding Plan
41
Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd
Marketing and lobbying company for
removing disposal obstacles in Finland
Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/Ltd
Technology company for R&D and handling of nuclear
waste recycling in Finland and abroad
Avalon Energia Consortium Structure
1 3
2

42. Founding Plan
42
Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd – Marketing and Lobbying Company1
• Negotiate an Exit Deal with international and Finnish energy companies (”Exit Partners”)
• Pre-determined exit valuation for Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd (Baseline: 1B€)
• Exit Objectives (Baseline: Amend Nuclear Energy Law, secure deal for 12,000+ t of intl HLW, and confirm 3 repository sites)
• ROI Incentives for Exit Partners (Baseline: Shares of Avalon Energia Oy for Finnish companies at a low company valuation, and discount
rate for intl energy companies for disposal of their HLW amounting to 2x the €-value of their share in the Exit Deal)
• Launch crowd-equity funding campaign
• Use an online platform, eg. Invesdor
• Fund Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd
A
C
• Negotiate with Finnish and international investors
• Back-up funding channel to supplement or kickstart
the crowdfunding campaign
• Priority for Finnish investors
B
• Tie intl HLW and repository cities to Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd
• Intl energy companies have incentive to dispose of their
HLW with Avalon Energia Oy because of discount
• Finnish repository cities have incentive to work with
Avalon Energia Oy because of free capital for them at Exit
• Doubles as risk management against Posiva Oy by tieing
intl HLW and repository cities to Avalon Energia Oy
D
• Reach Exit Objectives and Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd exitE

43. Founding Plan Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd at EXIT1
Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd
Construction company for building the
nuclear waste repository network
100 M€
100 M€
700 M€
100 M€
Finnish Repository Cities
Municipalities that have been confirmed as
repository candidates as part of the Exit
Employees
Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd
employees, partners, advisors, early
investors and board members
Finnish Citizens, Municipalities
and Institutions
Investors who invested in Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd
via crowd-equity funding campaigns or other means
Finnish Companies
Finnish Exit Partners receive Avalon Energia Oy shares for
free for the full €-amount of their share in the Exit Deal
and, additionally, can buy Avalon Energia Oy shares for eg.
½ the valuation of the company at its first funding round
International Energy Companies
International Exit Partners in the nuclear energy sector
receive a discount rate on disposal of their nuclear waste
with Avalon Energia Oy that will amount to eg. 2x (mutually
predetermined) the €-amount of their share in the Exit Deal
1000 M€*
New owners dissolve Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd
Exit Partners
* The Exit Valuation is negotiated between the Exit Partners and Avalon Energia

44. Founding Plan
44
Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd – Construction Company2
• Capital injection of 100M€ via Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd to kickstart operations
• Massive issuance of new shares to dilute founders-on-paper out and create an option pool to give or sell to new owners and investors
• Hiring team, creating Board of Directors and Advisors, planning operational budget, steps and determining funding needs for repositories
with Exit Partners, repository municipalities (and Posiva Oy if they choose to participate)
• Free or discounted shares for Exit Partners and repository municipalities in first funding round – amount of shares determined by valuation
• Build infrastructure to receive international HLW
• Ports, ships, railway lines, interim storages
• Begin construction of geological repositories
A
C
• Negotiate with Finnish and international investors + banks
• Ideally Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd will be 100% Finnish-owned
• Majority ownership for Finnish government and
institutional investors (pension funds) through which
Finnish society reaps the benefits for decades
• Gather funding via equity investments and bank loans
• International investors on board as-needed
B
• Reinvest profits into Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/LtdE
• Dispose of intl HLW in geological repositories
• Store intl HLW in interim storages temporarily to start cash
flow and gather enough HLW to fill one repository fast
• Dispose intl HLW in repositories as they are completed
D

45. Founding Plan
45
Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/Ltd – Nuclear Technology Company3
• Reinvesting profits from Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd’s geological nuclear waste disposal business
• Leading the industry in (fast breeder) nuclear reactor technologies that can recycle HLW is vital
• Unlocking the technology and business will result in less HLW to dispose and a new revenue stream in selling recycled HLW and reactor tech
• Develop fast breeder reactor technologies and HLW recycling
• Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/Ltd can develop and access new
technologies in three ways:
• Invest in international tech startups like a VC fund
• Buy ready tech
• Develop technologies in-house
A
C
• Investments from Finnish and international investors + banks
• Finland cannot develop and scale up new nuclear reactor technologies
alone – nor perhaps should it due to international politics
• Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/Ltd should be an international venture
• Gather funding via equity investments and bank loans
B
• Kumbaya: The world gets more carbon-free nuclear energy, and Finland adapts to climate change with energy and food self-suffiencyE
• Buy HLW from Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd, recycle and sell as nuclear fuel to intl energy
companies
• The need for geological disposal will not vanish, because not all HLW can be recycled
and the resulting super-HLW is more energy-dense
• Use the repository network infrastructure in reverse: railways, facilities, ports and ships
D

46. Founding Plan Partner Experience Path
Repository City
Finnish Government
Foreign Government
Finnish Small Investor
Foreign Energy Company
Finnish Large Investor
Foreign Large Investor
Avalon Energia Recycling Oy/LtdAvalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd Avalon Energia Oy/Ltd
2018 - 2022 2022 → 2030 →
Becomes AEO Ltd Exit
Partner by signing Exit Deal
Pays capital after Exit
Objectives are reached
Avalon Energia
Start of marketing
and lobbying
Exit Deal
Investment
round(s)
Reaching Exit
Objectives
Exit
Start of geological
disposal operations
Receives AE Ltd shares for free
and discount on new shares
New investment opportunities for institutional
(pension) funds to benefit Finnish society
Becomes AEO Ltd Exit
Partner by signing Exit Deal
Pays capital after Exit
Objectives are reached
Receives 2x+ ROI with discount
on disposal of their HLW
Option of also disposing HLW with
Posiva in Finland – market open
Investment and partnership
opportunities in HLW recycling
Becomes AEO Ltd Exit
Partner by signing Exit Deal
Investment
round(s)
Construction of
HLW disposal infra
HLW disposal
revenue
Reinvesting profits
to HLW recycling
HLW recycling
revenue
Pays capital after Exit
Objectives are reached, if not
enough Finnish Exit Partners
Receives AE Ltd
shares for free
New investment opportunities in AE Ltd, AER Ltd
and international partner company ecosystem
Invests in AEO Ltd by
buying its shares
Helps reach
Exit Objectives
Receives ROI
via Exit
Receives AEO Ltd
shares for free
Receives money
in Exit
Receives AE Ltd shares
for free or at a discount
Receives revenue from HLW disposal and
pass-through fees – and other business
Receives revenue from
HLW recycling and sales
Amending the
Nuclear Energy Law
Investment and
ownership of AE Ltd
Revenue from HLW disposal
fees, taxes, dividents etc
Revenue from HLW recycling
tech and fuel
Geopolitical power, food and
energy self-sufficiency, money
for pensions, basic income etc
Supports their energy
companies and/or
becomes Exit Partner
Removes their
legislative barriers for
HLW export to Finland
Promotes more carbon-
free nuclear power via
policies and public opinion
Investment and partnership
opportunities in HLW recycling
Gets a ready solution
for their HLW disposal
from AE Ltd / Posiva

47. Energy Industry Representative
Proposal: Energy industry rep (ideally Finnish)
Reasoning: Exit Partner
Political Representative
Proposal: Finnish MP or another government official
Reasoning: Mentorship on amending Finland’s 1994
Nuclear Energy Law
Repository City Representative
Proposal: Rep of the City of Eurajoki (site of existing
Olkiluoto Repository) or another early city candidate
Reasoning: Lobbying for best interest of repository cities
Media Representative
Proposal: Mainstream media rep (eg. Yle, state-
owned media company)
Reasoning: Company transparency and
mentorship in public dialogue and marketing
Team Representative
Proposal: Robert Nemlander (temp.), M.Sc.
Reasoning: Operational view, which combines
business, politics, PR and engineering; lobbying
for private investors
BOARD
PHASE 1
Organization Structure Plan (1/3)
Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd

48. Leadership
Robert Nemlander (temp.), M.Sc.
Marketing Director
Main objective: 70% public support for
international nuclear waste repositories in Finland
Business Director
Main objective: Secure MOUs for min. 12,000 tonnes
of spent uranium from international energy companies
Law Expert
Main objective: Submit a
proposal to the Finnish
Parliament to amend the 1994
Nuclear Energy Law via the
government, MPs or citizens’
initiative
Nuclear Specialist
Main objective: Identify 10
potential repository sites in Finland
TEAM
PHASE 1
Organization Structure Plan (2/3)
Avalon Energia Open Oy/Ltd

49. Research Organization Reps
Proposal: Finnish universities, VTT, GTK
Reasoning: Decades of R&D experience on
nuclear waste repositories
Engineering Firm Reps
Proposal: Major Finnish engineering design,
consultation and construction companies
Reasoning: Experience in designing and
building the Olkiluoto Repository
Interested Repository City Reps
Proposal: Reps for cities and municipalities
Reasoning: Open flow of information and opportunity for
interested cities to become acquainted with the project and
technology
Media Industry Reps
Proposal: Reps for media and social media,
influencers and celebrities
Reasoning: Transparency, openness, PR,
hype, public dialogue and marketing
Posiva
Proposal: Rep for Posiva and Posiva Solutions
Reasoning: Info and experience on nuclear
waste management
ADVISORS
PHASE 1
Logo
International Nuclear Industry Reps
Proposal: Reps for European, American and Asian nuclear
energy companies, research organizations and authorities
Reasoning: Selling international nuclear waste
management services; building trust; open information
flow
Authorities
Proposal: STUK, Transport Agency, Association
of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities,
ministeries, politicians
Reasoning: Transparency, supervision and
legislation
Private Investors
Proposal: Major Finnish private investors
Reasoning: Transparency and lobbying for investors
Logo
Logo
Logo
Logo
Logo
Logo
Logo
Organization Structure Plan (3/3)

50. Business Case: Profit For Taking In High-Level Nuclear Waste
Source: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/assets.yoursay.sa.gov.au/production/2017/11/09/03/09/17/3923630b-087f-424b-a039-ac6c12d33211/NFCRC_Final_Report_Web.pdf (p. 95)
50

51. Business Case: Phase 1 - Opening The Market By Avalon Energia Open Ltd
Exit Deal1
Your Investment2
Operations3 Exit4
Exit Objectives: Amend Nuclear Energy Law • Secure Deal
for 12,000+ t of Intl HLW • Confirm 3 Repository Sites
Exit Partners (eg. energy
companies) contractually commit
to buying Avalon Energia Open
Ltd stocks from shareholders at a
predetermined company exit
valuation (baseline 1B€) when
mutually agreed Exit Objectives
have been reached.
Every Finnish citizen (Funding
Round 1) and municipality
(Funding Rounds 2-3) has the
opportunity to buy Avalon
Energia Open Ltd stocks via a
crowd-equity funding campaign.
ROI is guaranteed via Exit Deal.
The purpose is to incentivize
10,000s of Finns to be
embassadors for the Exit
Objectives by giving them a stake
in it, and shift public opinion.
Funding Round 2
Shares: 20%
Round: 5-10 M€
Valuation: 25-50 M€
Funding Round 1
Shares: 30%
Round: 1-2 M€
Valuation: 3-7 M€
Funding Rounds 3/4
If needed due to
requiring more resources
or not reaching Exit
Objectives yet
ANNUAL PROFIT
FUNDING
FUNDING ROUND 2 BREAKDOWN
Securing the objectives
FUNDING ROUND 1 BREAKDOWN
Scouting the possibilities and laying the groundwork
Exit Partners buy Avalon Energia
Open Ltd stocks from shareholders
at the predetermined company exit
valuation (baseline 1B€). Finnish
citizens benefit, and Exit Partners
gain benefits. Avalon Energia Ltd
continues to operational phase of
repository network construction in
co-op with municipalities.
1,000€
7,500€
150,000€
1,000€
20,000€
Dilution
VALUE OF YOUR AVALON ENERGIA INVESTMENT
Depends on early valuations
51

52. Business Case: Phase 2 – Disposal Operations By
Item Units Unit cost [M€] Cost [M€] Cost [M€/a] Completion
Transport ship 4 50 200 25 2023-2030
Port 2 300 600 75 2023-2030
Interim HLW storage (24,000 t) 2 500 1000 125 2023-2030
Geo/rock studies 10 2023-2050
Repository (24,000 t), Wave 1 2 6000 12000 923 2023-2035
Railway tunnels [km] 500 10 5000 385 2029-2041
Repository (48,000 t), Wave 2 7 8000 56000 2800 2032-2052
Recycling technology R&D ? 2023-2049
Recycling plant (5,000 t/a) 4 5000 20000 1000 2044-2063
Operational costs 500 2053-2100
AvalonEnergiaexit
Constructionofships,ports,interim
storages,PortRepositories1-2
Ships,ports,interimstoragesonline;First
HLWshipmentsintointerimstorages
ConstructionofInlandRepositories3-9
Constructionofrailwaytunnels
PortRepositories1-2online;FirstHLW
disposal
InlandRepository3online
InlandRepository9online
Railwaytunnelsonline
ConstructionofHLWrecyclingplants
FirstHLWrecyclingplantonline:more
HLWcanbereceivedandlessdisposed
FinalHLWrecyclingplantonline
HLWrecyclingtechleadstorevenuefrom
recycledHLWandlessincomingHLW
HLWrecyclingtechwillleadtoless
disposedHLW,noneedfornew
repositories,andmorereceivedHLWfor
recycling
Financial Projection Assumptions
52

53. Business Case: Phase 2 – Disposal Operations By
AvalonEnergiaexit
Constructionofships,ports,interim
storages,PortRepositories1-2
Ships,ports,interimstoragesonline;First
HLWshipmentsintointerimstorages
ConstructionofInlandRepositories3-9
Constructionofrailwaytunnels
PortRepositories1-2online;FirstHLW
disposal
InlandRepository3online
InlandRepository9online
Railwaytunnelsonline
ConstructionofHLWrecyclingplants
FirstHLWrecyclingplantonline:more
HLWcanbereceivedandlessdisposed
FinalHLWrecyclingplantonline
HLWrecyclingtechleadstorevenuefrom
recycledHLWandlessincomingHLW
Revenue and profit can be maintained by large-scale implementation of
HLW recycling tech and sale of recycled nuclear fuel
IMPORTANT: Stockpile as much intl HLW as possible before recycling
tech is globally commercially viable and lead HLW recycling tech industry
Financial Projection for Simulated Posiva HLW Repository Network 2022-2100:
• Revenue: 2,233,000 M€ (with recycled nuclear fuel at 1.39 M€/t)
• Profit: 834,000 M€ (assuming no profit from recycled nuclear fuel)
HLW Repository Network KPIs:
• Interim Storage Capacity: 48,000 tonnes
• HLW Disposal Capacity 384,000 tonnes
• Repository Sites: 9
HLWrecyclingtechwillleadtoless
disposedHLW,noneedfornew
repositories,andmorereceivedHLWfor
recycling
53

54. Nuclear waste
encapsulation
Reception
port
Repository
entrance
Repository
entrance
Capsule central
railway station
450m
100m
Repository facility
Access tunnel
Capsule
transport
shaft
Repository facility – 1st level
Repository facility – 2nd level
350m100m100m
Capsule
transport
shaft
Access tunnel
Radiation risk: Non-existent
• 1-2 m of bedrock blocks all direct radiation
• A capsule lasts min. 100 000 years
• The radiation level of spent uranium drops
fast and ”liquorice” is dangerous only when
eaten after 10 000 years
Benefits: Very High
• The world has now 400 000 t of liquorice*
and 12 000 t/a more is produced
• Olkiluoto Repository has a 12 000 t capacity
• Price of liquorice* is ~1.12 M€/t and cost of
geological disposal in Finland is ~0.30 M€/t
• Finland can make a profit of 10 000 M€/a
Capsule reception
station
Passage of the nuclear waste capsules
** Sites marked on the map are examples based on old Posiva research* Liquorice refers to nuclear waste or uranium pellets
Nuclear waste or uranium pellet Nuclear waste capsule
Encapsulation & Transportation
In co-operation with e.g.
Note: Underground capsule transportation is not a prerequisite for safe transportation.
Above-ground railway and direct shipping, which are used already today, are strong options.
54

55. Future Value of Recycled Nuclear Waste
Clean energy for Earth for decades
55
Energy left in HLW

56. Future Value of (Recycled) Nuclear Waste
Nuclear waste diamond
batteries from ILW
Revolution in energy storage
Diamond Batteries
https://bit.ly/2CN7XQE
56

57. Melted Arctic
Shipping Lane
Trans-Atlantic
Shipping Lane
SMRs for Farming
Fertilizer Manufacturing
FNPP for Water
Seawater Desalination
FNPP for Energy
Electricity Production
FNPP for Energy
Heat Production
FNPP for QuickDeployment
Disaster Relief
FNPP for Security
Rising Sea Levels
Nuclear Waste Shipping
Nuclear Waste Shipping
SMRs for Human Space Exploration
Energy, Propulsion, Life Support
Uranium Seawater Extraction
Renewable Fuel for NPPs/SMRs
Uranium Seawater Extraction
Renewable Fuel for NPPs/SMRs
SMRs for Transportation
Electric Cars
SMRs for Food
Greenhouses, Lab Foods
SMRs for Heavy Industry
Processing & Manufacturing
SMRs for Energy Storage
Hydrogen Production
Nuclear Waste Recycling
Tech Research Centre
ThoriumReactor
Research Centre
Nuclear Waste
Diamond Battery
Research Centre
Arctic Ports
BalticPorts
Railway
Nuclear Waste
Repositories
Nuclear Waste
Ship Naval Base
Great Thorium
Ore Reserves
Intl HLW
Import
Recycled HLW Export
SMRs for DataProcessing
Cryptomining, Data Centers
SMRs for Cities
Local Residential/Commercial Use
Countrieswith Nuclear Power Plants
Countrieswith Plansto Build Nuclear Power Plants
CountriesThinking About Nuclear Power Plants
SMR = Small Modular Nuclear Reactor
FNPP = Floating Nuclear Power Plant (Special SMR)
Map of Global Nuclear Energy?
Nordic Nuclear Team
More: http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx
57

58. 58
Modular Nuclear Reactors to Power Two Planets
Kilopower Fission Reactor for Mars
”Only Way To Power Mars”

59. Stop running by
59

60. Time To Adapt
60

61. Time To Act
61

62. Thank you!
Rocking it.
+358 500 403 951
robert@avalonenergia.com
twitter.com/Avalon_Energia
facebook.com/avalonenergia

63. PUBLIC ADVISORS
63

64. Robert NEMLANDER
Sarjayrittäjä, DI, julkinen puhuja
PERUSTAJA
Robert on palkittu sarjayrittäjä, entinen astronauttikokelas ja
ydinjätteen loppusijoitukseen erikoistunut rakennusalan DI. Hänen
perustamansa EntoCube on Pohjoismaiden johtava hyönteistuotanto-
teknologia- ja hyönteisruokayritys, joka muutti lain ja kansansuosion
Suomessa päälaelleen. Robertin tehtävä on taistella ilmastonmuu-
tosta vastaan ratkaisemalla kestävän ruoan ja energian haasteet.
Avalon Energian perustajana Robert näyttää esimerkillään miten
mahdottomasta tehdään totta.
+358500403951
robert@avalonenergia.com
facebook.com/avalonenergia
AVALON ENERGIA
PERUSTAJA

65. Atte HARJANNE
Kaupunginvaltuutettu (vihr.), DI, tutkija
NEUVONANTAJA
Atte on teknologiaa, tiedettä ja dinosauruksia fanittava
helsinkiläinen vihreä kaupunginvaltuutettu. Työkseen hän
tutkii ilmastonmuutoksen yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia ja
ilmastoriskien hallintaa. Aiemmin Atte on työskennellyt
riskienhallintakonsulttina ja ollut mukana toteuttamassa
useita poliittisia kampanjoita. Poliitikkona Atte on aktiivisesti
puolustanut ydinvoimaa osana vähähiilistä energiatulevai-
suutta sekä omassa puolueessaan että Helsingin kaupungin-
valtuustossa, jossa Atte on ollut keskeisessä osassa
nostamassa ydinkaukolämpöä ja pieniä modulaarisia ydin-
reaktoreita keskusteluun. Neuvonantajana Atte tuo Avalon
Energiaan osaamista politiikasta ja ilmastonmuutoksesta.
POLITIIKKA

66. Rauli PARTANEN
Palkittu kirjailija, analyytikko
NEUVONANTAJA
Rauli on palkittu tietokirjailija, joka on erikoistunut energiaratkaisuihin
ja ilmastonmuutokseen. Hän on analyytikko ja Suomen
ekomodernistien aktiivijäsen. Rauli on kolmen lapsen isä, joka on
tunnettu maailmalla kestävän energian ja ydinvoiman
puolestapuhujana. Neuvonantajana Rauli tuo Avalon Energiaan
raikkaan tuulahduksen monipuolista tietoa energiasta, taitoa
kommunikaatiosta ja laajan kansainvälisen asiantuntijaverkoston.
ENERGIA-ALA

67. GRAND VISION
67

68. Action Plan (1/3)
68

69. Action Plan (2/3)
69

70. Action Plan (3/3)
70

71. UNIVERSITY CO-OPERATION
71

72. Kandityöaiheet
PALAUTUS KIERTOON KALLIOPERÄ
LOUHINTASIMULOINTI
MATERIAALIVIRTA
AIHE
Ydinjätteen loppusijoitus-luola(verkosto)n
materiaalivirta
•
Sisään menevän rakennusmateriaalin (kupari-
kanisterit, savi, betoni jne) ja ulos louhitun
kalliomurskeen määrät. Arvo, saatavuus, logistiikka,
massatasapaino, hyötykäyttö, ekologisuus.
Referenssinä Olkiluodon loppusijoitusluola.
AIHE
Suomen kallioperän soveltuvuus
ydinjätteen loppusijoitusluolaverkostolle
•
Suomen geologia, paikkakuntaehdokkaat,
ulkomaiset loppusijoitusluolat ja geologiat,
tulevaisuuden geo- ja ilmastoennusteet,
ilmastonmuutos ja merenpinnan nousu,
ydinjätteen elinkaarianalyysi
AIHE
Loppusijoitetun ydinjätteen palautus
kierrätettäväksi
•
Geotekninen tarkastelu kuparikapselien
palautuksesta täytetystä
loppusijoitustunnelista ja
uraanipolttoaineen kierrätys. Teknologinen
ja markkinataloudellinen arvio.
AIHE
Louhintamenetelmät kansainvälisen ydinjätteen
loppusijoitusluolaverkoston rakentamisessa Suomessa
•
Loppusijoitusluolastojen, yhteystunnelien ja muun maanalaisen
infrastruktuurin kalliorakentaminen (poraus-räjäytys, TBM).
Erityispiirteet. Esimerkkinä Olkiluodon loppusijoitusluola.
AIHE
Simuloitu kansainvälisen ydinjätteen
loppusijoitusluolaverkosto Suomessa
•
Kansainvälinen ydinjätekuljetus, vastaanotto,
välivarastointi, kapselointi, maalogistiikka,
loppusijoitusluolat, palautus, kierrätys.
72
Kansainvälisen ydinjäteluolaverkoston rakentaminen
SYKSY 2018 - GEORAKENTAMINEN