Our project is based on Human migration and evolution. Our ancestors left Africa 60.000 years ago, and it got us interested in this topic. We wanted to learn to find out about our ancestors; Where our ancestors came from?, what they did?, how they survived? and how we evolved to what we are today?. We had to see why our ancestors moved from Africa to countries across the world and why they settled into the places we live now?. We wanted to know why our ancestors travelled across the world to the places they reside now?. We wanted to know what life was like before we, our parents, our grandparents, even before our great-grandparents were born. We had a huge interest in this project.

1. 
Ava and Shauna 1

2. 
 Homo was first found to come from East Africa.
 They are supposable the first Hominines.
 Some people say that Hominines are the first and earliest
humans and human relatives/ ancestors. They rose after
departing from the lineage of Pan, the chimpanzees. There are
people how also consider the genus Pan to also be hominines,
the consider them the first hominines. But this is not proven.
 The Hom Habilis o Habilis are the first, or maybe one of the
first hominines that master the art of using stone tools for
things such as hunting.
 Homo Habilis are considerd to be ancestores of Homo
Ergaster or from Africa, the Homo Erectus. Although both are
significantly different from the human anatomy and physiology
Ava and Shauna
2
Homo Habilis

3. 
 The Homo Erectus comes originally from Africa.
 There is a resemblance between humans and the Homo Erectus. But
the Homo Erectus had a brain about 26% smaller than a modern
humans. The Homo Erectus has a less sloping forehead than that of a
Homo Habilis, there teeth are also smaller.
 There are many other Hominin species put into the same group as the
Homo Erectus such as the Homo Georgicus, Homo Pekinensis and the
Homo Heidelbergensis.
 The Homo Georgicus was first found in the Republic of Georgia, dated at
1.8 Ma.
 The Homo Georgicus was able to walk long didtances ecause the
backbone and pelvis grew a lot like a humans. Is also aloud them to
tract herds of prey animals. The Homo Ergaster was atlest 6.2 ft, they
had dark skin, which was the cause of the loss of there body hair.
 Homo Pekinensis was first found in first Asia. But according to the
theory of a African origin modern humans, the Homo Perkinenesis
could not be ancestors to modern humans, but rather could be cousins
to Homo Erectus. Ava and Shauna
3
Homo Erectus

4. 
Homo Antecessor may or may not a ancestor of
humans and Neanderthals.
 It is said that there might be at least 20,000 to
25,000 genes.
We also share 99% of their DNA with the extinct
Neanderthals.
 But we also share 95–99% of their DNA with our
closest living relative, the chimpanzees.
Ava and Shauna 4
Homo Antecessor

5. 
 The Homo Heidelbergensis was at least 5 ft tall
 This was found out when footprints where found in
powdery volcanic ash solidified in Italy.
 Homo heidelbergensis may be a common ancestor of
humans and Neanderthals.
 its seize is signifancantly smaller than the Homo Erectus.
 But Homo heidelbergensis Has a larger brain about 93% the
size of that of Homo sapiens.
 The Holotype was 6 ft tall and is more muscular than a
modern human today.
Ava and Shauna 5
Homo
Heidelbergensis

6. 
Ava and Shauna 6
Neanderthals
Neanderthals came originally from Germany .
They became extinct about 24000 years ago. Neanderthals and
modern humans share 99.7%of there DNA.
Genetic and fossil evidence suggested evolved separately from
modern humans.
Neanderthals have shorter legs and a bigger body.
Neanderthals where named after the first sites, where fossils
where found back in the 19th century in the east of Düsseldorf
in Germany, in a cave called the Feldhofer Cave.
Scientists to this day debate over whether Neanderthals should
be classified as a distinct species - Homo neanderthalensis - or
as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.

7. 
 Homo Sapiens are one of the two
most commonly know descendents from humans and the
only extant member of the genus Homo.
 Homo Sapiens have small chin on the lower jaw.
 Humans belong to a group called Homo Sapiens.
 Homo Sapiens gathered and hunted food to be able to
provide for them selves.
 But today we have improved our technology, so that we don’t
have to hunt and gather food to provide for our families.
Ava and Shauna 7
Homo Sapiens

8. Ava and Shauna 8

9.  All primates can eat a variety of different food.
 We as primates have incisors, canines, premolars,
and molars for teeth.
 Each tooth type has a different function incisors and
canines are for biting and tearing food while
premolars and molars are for grinding and crushing
food.
 Humans have less teeth compared to ancestors.
 But human teeth has changed due to dietary
changes.
 About 5.5 million years ago lost their large,
projecting canines.
 Tooth decay has been a problem that humans today
are getting, because we are eating more foods with
carbohydrates in them.
Evolution of teeth
Ava and Shauna

10.  Body mass has increased by 50%.
 Height has reduced by 10%.
 Breadth is larger by 25%.
 As latitudes increase, so does body mass.
 As people leave and migrate further from the
equator.
 As for body shape, it is also greatly influenced by
climate.
 The body shape has decreased over 50,000 thousand
years.
 The reasons for this are technological
improvements, a decline in nutritional quality,
climatic factors and reduced gene flow.Ava and Shauna 10
Evolution of the human
body

11.  Humans how live now seem to be
prone injury.
 Such as strained muscles and tendons.
 Many people deny that running is causing the injures,
“born to run”.
 Traits such as cooling by sweating rather than panting,
little amounts of body hair, and short toes, as well as a
narrow waist that is able to rotate, all suggest that the
human body was, indeed, adapted to distance running.
 We are not adapted to running due to we are not
accustomed to running long distances, when we are
younger.
 Also if we ran on natural surfaces injures would not we
as common, such as no runners and barefoot on the
ground. Ava and Shauna 11
Muscular
Endurance

12. 
 Speech is one of the main developments in the human
body.
 The shape of the hyoid bone is very unique to humans,
because it is used for the ability too speak. This is a major
difference due to the fact that other animals can only
make noises.
 We still get goose bumps because early hominids had hair
covering there body, goose bumps kept them warm.
 But toady we do not have enough hair on our body's to
keep us as warm as our ancestors.
Ava and Shauna 12
Speech and goose
bumps

13. 
 The ear muscles, the plantaris muscle in the foot, wisdom teeth,
the third eyelid, and the tailbone are other examples of
superfluous body parts left over from ancestors who lived
millions of years ago.
 We no longer have the extra muscles in our ears, though
scientist have found that some people still have them.
 The plantaris muscle was used for gripping and manipulating
objects with our feet, something most modern-day humans no
longer do.
 Wisdom teeth became unnecessary when our diets changed.
 We do not have a third eyelid anymore because now they are
only common in birds, reptiles, and fish.
 Our tailbone (coccyx) is still believed to be used to support
muscles, but is no longer an aid for swinging through trees and
can be surgically removed without any effect to our health.
Ava and Shauna 13
Superfluous
Body

14. 
Thanks for your time!!!!!!
Ava and Shauna 14

15. 
 http://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction
-human-evolution
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_human_
migration
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_human_migra
tions
by Ava and Shauna 15
References