In this presentation I break down the topic and outline the present and future in autonomous vehicles and 3D printing

1. Trends in the Tech World
Dr. Villy Abraham

2. Today’s Topics
Autonomous
Vehicles
3D Printing

3. 5️ Autonomous Driving Levels
0️⃣ Level Zero —No Automation
Driver performs all operating tasks
1️⃣ Level One —Driver Assistance
Vehicle can assist with some functions (cruise control, automatic
parking, etc.).
2️⃣ Level Two —Partial Automation(“Autonomous” vehicles on the
market today)
*Vehicle can assist with steering or acceleration functions.
*Driver must always be ready to take control of the vehicle.

4. 5️ Autonomous Driving Levels (cont.)
3️⃣ Level Three —Conditional Automation
Vehicle can execute functions like braking when conditions are safe.
4️⃣ Level Four —High Automation
Vehicle capable of all driving functions but handling traffic jams or
merging onto the highway.
5️⃣ Level Five —Complete Automation (2021)
Driving requires absolutely no human attention.
There is no need for pedals, brakes, or a steering wheel.

5. Companies Developing Autonomous Vehicles
Uber
Alphabet Inc. Testing autonomous vehicles
Microsoft
Apple Conducting research
Bosche
Lyft received permits to test autonomous vehicles
Samsung

6. Car Manufacturers to Roll
Out Autonomous Vehicles

7. Types of Autonomous Vehicles
Personal use
Corporate use (Trailers, Amazon, RoboMart-clip)
Car-sharing (VW)
Lower congestion, burden on public space
Public transportation

8. Advantages
of Complete
Automation
1. Significantly lower number of accidents
More than 1 million people die on the world’s roads
2. Increase employee productivity.
In 2014, Americans spent 7 billion hours stuck in traffic
3. The disabled, older citizens, and the very young
would be able to experience the freedom of car travel.
4. Lower insurance premiums
5. Reduce travel time

9. Disadvantages
of Complete
Automation
Expensive (estimated to cost over
$100,000).
Truck drivers and taxi drivers will lose
their jobs.
Hackers breaking into the vehicle's
software and controlling its operation.
Require major upgrades to road
systems and infrastructure.

10. 3D Printing
What is 3D
printing
How it
works
Applications

11. What is 3D
Printing?
3D printing - joining materials
layer after layer to make objects
from a 3D digital model.
It differs from traditional
manufacturing which comprises
cutting away unwanted parts
from large pieces of solid
material.

12. How 3D Printing Works
Instead of using plastic material, food 3D printers use paste-type
ingredients:
chocolate, pancake batter and cream.
They are 3D printed layer after layer, generally through a syringe-like
extruder.

13. Applications of 3D Printing
Printing
Food Printing
Printing
Cloth Printing
Printing
Organ Printing
Printing
Car Parts

14. 3D Food Printers
Natural Machines (Barcelona-based startup) has
introduced a 3D food printer.
The printer uses edible ingredients squeezed out of
capsules.
This Printer Can:
Print a wide range of dishes (from hamburgers to cake).
Create complex designs (e.g. very detailed cake
decorations, food arranged in unusual shapes)
Prepare meals that require precision and skill (pizza, filled
pasta).

15. 3D Food Printers (cont.)
Researchers in Israel have created a 3D printing technology that will
be able to produce nutritious meals using nano-cellulose ( a natural
and edible calorie-free fiber).
They have so far used their technology to “print” dough, but not a
full meal.
The technology relies on two basic elements: 1) cartridges
containing the meal’s ingredients; 2) hardware that applies heat and
shapes the matter (infrared lasers).

16. 3D Clothes
Printers
Danit Peleg had produced a five-piece collection
for her final project as a student at Shenkar
College of Engineering and Design.

17. Organ 3D
Printers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e276y5oSu2A
Collplant, a company based in Israel, developed a
collagen-based biological ink for 3D organ printing
Why do we need them?
1. Global shortage of organs available for lifesaving
transplants.
2. Patients in the UK have to wait for 3 years to get
a kidney transplant.
3. 900,000 patients in the US die due to organ
shortage.

18. Advantages of
3D Printing
3D printing technology has opened new
possibilities for industries by enabling:
1) faster product design, customization
(medical, dental, shoe wear industries,
etc.), cost reduction, tangible product
testing, and more.
2) Beneficial to populations with
allergies (gluten-free food), vegans,
people on diets, etc.

19. 3D Printing in the Automobile Industry
Car makers using 3D printing:

20. Advantages of 3D Printing to the Automobile
Industry
lowers
production costs
frees up space in
manufacturing
plants
The process
produces lighter-
weight car parts.
Enables printing
of hard to find
spare parts
Makes more fuel
efficient cars

21. Disadvantages
of 3D Printing
3D printers consume a lot of energy
3D printing equipment and materials cost
make the technology expensive (can cost
hundreds of thousands of dollar.
3D printers are slow when it comes to
mass production
3D printers make it is easy to create 3D
knives, guns, explosives, etc.

22. The Future of 3D Printing
4D Printing

23. 4D Printing
4D printers produce materials that can change over time in response
to:
Heat, light, electricity, moisture, etc.
The raw material used in the production process is:
Hydrogel or shape-memory polymers
Industries likely to benefit from the technology:
Aerospace, military, automative industry, shoe-making plants, etc.

24. The End
Thank you for listening!