The document discusses 3D printing including its definition, history, current uses and future applications. It provides details on 3D printing processes and materials. Applications discussed include consumer goods, medicine, and automotive. The document also outlines market analysis, opportunities, challenges and forecasts for growth in industries like aerospace, automotive and medical fields that will drive the 3D printing market to over $21 billion by 2020.

1. Qinyao (Jessica) Liu
Jay S. Sidhu School of Business and Leadership
Wilkes University

2.  Definition and Working Process of 3D Printing
 Development of 3D Printing
Origin and History
Current Market Analysis
 Applications (and Case Studies)
Consumer Goods
Medical
Automotive
 Opportunities and Challenges
 Future

3.  What is 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing)?
a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a
digital model accomplished through additive processes where
multiple successive layers of raw materials are laid down
 How Does it Work?
Virtual Design (CAD file or Scanned)G-Code Layered
Printing
 What are the Printing Materials?
plastics, metal, human tissue, wax, edible food particles,
glass, polymers, sand and glue mixes

4.  Origin and History
 Origin and early development in late 1980s
First Appearance: Rapid Prototyping late 1980s
First Patent :Charles Hull 1986
First Commercial RP system: introduced in 1987; sold in 1988
 Continued development throughout 1990s
Umbrella term Additive Manufacturing (AM).
Diversification into two areas: High-end & Concept Modelers
 New advances in 21st century
 First 3D printer under $10,000: 2007
 Accessible 3D printing technology: RepRap
 First commercially available 3D printer in kit form:2009

5.  Current Market Analysis
 Global
 valued $2.3 billion in 2013 and is anticipated to reach
$8.6 billion by 2020
 North America accounted for the largest market share
of 42.2% globally in 2012
 3D printing market in Europe is expected to surpass
that in North America by the end of 2020 and is
estimated to be valued at $3,505.9 million in 2020
 Japan is the largest market for 3D printing in the Asia
Pacific Region

6.  Current Market Analysis
 U.S.
 the total revenue has reached $2 billion and the
annual industry growth between 2011 and 2016 is
21.4%
 The revenue and growth mainly came from major
industry fields such as automotive, aerospace,
consumer products and medical.
 The automotive segment is accounted for over 40%
of the overall market share in 2012 and is expected
to continue to be the largest and fastest growing
market over the next few years.

7.  Consumer Goods
 Easily create jewelries; electronic gadgets;
home decorations; sculptures; toys; glasses
frames and home equipment spare and
replacement parts
 More affordable and accessible

8.  Consumer Goods
 Soft Play
 A company known for building safe and fun
playgrounds since 1984; created over 180,000
playground systems
 Problem: moving multiple gigantic models of
playground systems from one location to another
during trade shows; set-up time
 Solution: 3D printing playground models from
Fortus
 Benefits

9.  Consumer Goods
 Peltor AB
 A hearing protector equipment; major products
include communication devices such as
headphones and safety glasses
 Challenge: tailor equipment to the unique
needs of different individuals
 Solution: Objet30 Pro 3D printer
 Benefit

10.  Medical
 Dental : study precise dental models that best
serves the needs of their patients
 3D printed surgical tools, medical devices,
drug delivery devices
 Drugs and Pills: tailor the contents of a drug to
particular needs
 Customized prosthetic limb fabrication

11.  Medical
 APEX
 A dental milling center located in Ann Arbor, Michigan
 Problem: dental models are prepared manually and
how accurate they are is largely dependent on how
good the dentists are  time-consuming, imprecise,
not very durable or aesthetic
 Solution: Objet Eden260V 3D Printer (due to its higher
accuracy, superior finish and shorter processing times)
 Benefit

12.  Automotive
 Print certain car parts, replacements parts or even
the whole vehicle. As a matter of fact, an entire
vehicle can be now 3D printed from scratch
within 44 hours
 Five fields: supercars, Formula 1 and concept
cars with 3D printed parts, 3D printed cars, 3D
printed prototypes, 3D printed spare parts (for
production and maintenance), and miniature
demonstration models
 Example: Lamborghini Aventador
Urbee 2

13.  Automotive
 Ford
 A global automotive and mobility company based in Dearborn,
Michigan with around 201,000 employees and 67 plants
worldwide; main business includes designing, manufacturing,
marketing, financing and servicing a full line of Ford cars,
trucks, SUVs, electrified and Lincoln luxury vehicles
 Ford has been at the forefront of 3D printing for 25 years and
was actually involved with the invention of 3D printing in the
1980s. The company has by far produced 500.000 3D printed
parts using the third 3D printer Ford purchased back in 1988
 Benefit

14.  Consumer Goods
 Opportunities:
 Easier and cheaper to revise and refine product
prototypes before final production
 More localized production and distribution
reducing the size of the supply chain and
allowing better safety and quality controls
 Customization
 Challenges:
 Unsafe designs and parts due to lack of
awareness of safety regulations, hazard reduction
or product standards

15.  Medical
 Opportunities:
 Customize and personalize medical products to patients
based on their situations and needs
 Save the cost associated with the waiting and delivery;
improves the efficiency of medical facilities
 Faster, more accurate, more reliable
 Challenges:
 Criminals might create substandard medical devices,
medications or human organs to sell on the black
market for big profits
 Patent and copy right
 Obtaining approval from FDA

16.  Automotive
 Opportunities:
 Flexibility in customization
 less dependency upon outside suppliers drives
down the cost, decreases handling and delivery
time
 More effective problem identification
 More environmentally-friendly
 Challenges:
 Slow printing speed, printing large auto parts,
well-trained staff

17.  Drivers and Restraints
 Drivers
 efficient use of materials and especially the
ability to utilize multiple materials for printing
 ability to customize products
 Social value
 Restraints
 high cost of 3D printers and required software
for individual users

18.  Statistics and Forecasts
 Worldwide 3D printing industry is expected to grow
from $3.07 billion in revenue in 2013 to $12.8
billion by 2018, and exceed $21 billion by 2020
 Aerospace, automotive, and medical industries will
continue to be the major revenue drivers over the
next five years
 Three main future applications of 3D printing: end
product production, mass production, democratized
consumer 3D printing
 Growth in industrial metal additive manufacturing
and desktop 3D printers is also expected to continue
over the next few years

19.  Beyond 3D Printing: 4D Printing
 People can print a 3D object that at some
future point can automatically self-assemble
or change shape when faced with a change in
its environment such as temperature or
moisture

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