Virtualization, Cloud Computing, Grid Computing, Internet of Things, Green Marketing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.

1. Mr. T.SOMASUNDARAM
DEPT OF MANAGEMENT
KRISTU JAYANTI COLLEGE
BENGALURU
UNIT – 5
RECENT
TRENDS IN IT

2. UNIT – 5
RECENT TRENDS IN IT
Virtualization, Cloud Computing,
Grid Computing, Internet of
Things, Green Marketing,
Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning.

3. VIRTUALIZATION
Introduction:
 Virtualization is the act of creating a virtual version of something, such as server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources.
 It is a technique, which allows sharing a single physical instance of a resource
person or an application among multiple customers and organizations
 Virtualization relies on software to stimulate hardware functionality and create a
virtual computer system, which is called as “Virtual Machine”.
 The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine.
 A hypervisor, also known as Virtual Machine Manager or VSM, software that
creates and runs virtual machines. (E.g.) VMware Workstation Player, Virtualbox,
etc.

4. Characteristics of Virtualization:
 It allows creation of many virtual resources.
 It enables a finite no. of hardware resources.
 Run multiple OS on one physical machine.
 Improved security.
 Specialized experts.
 Creation of separate computing environments.
 It reduces hardware running costs.
 No. of physical servers get reduced.
 In case of system failure or disaster, it allows
for faster recovery.
Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating System Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

5. CLOUD COMPUTING
Introduction:
Cloud computing is an internet based computing service, where
resources (hardware, software or applications) are shared to allow you
to access information and computer resources from anywhere.
Cloud computing is storing and accessing data and programs, over the
internet, instead of computer’s hard drive or mobile’s internal storage.
(E.g.) Google drive, Google photos, icloud, etc. for backing up of
important data, this is called storing and accessing data and programs
over the Internet.

6. Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
 Quick and easy access information anywhere, anytime.
 Servers is high and more reliable.
 Enables users to access system using web browser.
 Reduces maintenance costs.
 Easy to maintenance.
 Easy to get back-up and restore.
 Collaboration by allowing group of people.
 Easy access.
 Huge amount of storing capacity.
 Data security.

7. GRID COMPUTING
Introduction:
Grid computing is also known as distributed computing.
It is use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common
objective.
Definition:
It can be defined as a network of computers working together to
perform a task that would rather be difficult for a single machine.
A grid computing network consists three types of machines –
1. Control mode. 2. Provider. 3. User.

8. Characteristics of Grid Computing:
 Distributing computing architecture.
 Collaborative use of geographically separated independent resources.
 Virtual platform.
 Access globally distributed data.
 Used to complete mathematical or scientific calculations.
 Easy to collaborate with other organizations.
 No servers required.
 Multiple heterogeneous machine.
 It has more models.

9. Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction:
 Internet becomes more accessible around the world, people are finding new ways to
incorporate this technology into everyday life.
 All of these everyday objects that connect to the Internet are known as Internet of
Things (IoT).
 It connects with electronics, software, and sensors to internet enabling to collect and
exchange data without human interaction.
 IoT refers to a system of interrelated, internet-connected devices that are able to collect
and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention.
Application of IoT:
1. Engineering, Industry and Infrastructure. 2. Government and Safety.
3. Home and Office. 4. Health and Medicine.

10. GREEN MARKETING
Introduction:
 It is the process of promoting products or services based on their environmental
benefits.
 Green marketing is also known as ‘Eco-marketing’or ‘Environmental marketing’.
Such product or service may be environmentally friendly in itself,
 Manufactured in a maintainable fashion.
 Not containing toxic materials.
 Produced from recycled materials or able to be recycled.
 Made from renewable materials.
 Not making use of excessive packaging.
 Designed to be repairable and not thrown away.

11. Importance of Green Marketing:
 People insists pure products.
 Reduce use of plastics.
 Consumption of herbal products.
 Use of leaves, cloth bags, jute, etc.
 Use of bio-fertilizers, herbal medicines, natural therapy, etc.
 Recycle wastes.
 Global restrictions.
 Strict norms for pollution control.
 National and international agencies to monitor.
 June 5 as World Environment Day.

12. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Introduction:
 Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words ‘Artificial’ and ‘Intelligence’.
 Artificial defines ‘man-made’ and intelligence defines ‘thinking power’, hence AI
means “a man-made thinking power”.
 AI is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like
humans. (i.e.) think and respond like human beings.
 AI is playing an increasingly important role in our society.
 AI is improving industry processes and making machines ‘smart’.
Some real life examples of AI are –
1. Autonomous vehicles (drone, self driving cars).
2. Playing games. 3. Search Engines. 4. Virtual Assistants
5. Image recognition in photographs.

13. Types of Artificial Intelligence:
1. Reactive Machines.
2. Limited Memory.
3. Theory of Mind.
4. Self-Awareness.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence:
Finance
Hospitals and Medicine.
Industry.
Aviation.
Weather forecast.
Speech Recognition
Natural Language processing.
Computer Vision.
Robotics.

14. MACHINE LEARNING
Introduction:
 Machine learning is a type of computer science that allows computer programs to
learn and improve on their own.
 Machine Learning is an application of AI that provides systems the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly
programmed.
 Machine learning can create software that learns in a similar way to humans.
 The primary aim is to allow the computers learn automatically without human
intervention or assistance and adjust actions accordingly.
 Machine learning can get pretty complicated, but here’s how it works on basic
level.

15. Some of popular examples found in popular apps and devices are –
Google – use machine learning to improve accuracy of its search
results.
Facebook – it show posts that are catered to your interests and
past social media behavior.
Netflix – recommendations gives you are generated by machine
learning.
Self-driving cars – track their surrounding objects and use this
data to improve their driving abilities.
Digital Assistants – to improve their speech recognition
technology.