IBM and Google are investing heavily in artificial intelligence and cognitive computing. A new startup is using machine learning and data from existing vehicle sensors to create virtual sensors, including a side slip angle estimator and speed estimator, that do not require additional hardware. These virtual sensors can be used to improve traction control systems and adaptive aerodynamics on performance vehicles. The side slip angle estimator in particular allows for improved traction control and more control over drift for a fun driving experience while maintaining safety.

1. AUTOMOTIVEVIRTUAL SENSORS
NewTechnologies for

2. WE ARE ATTHE END
OF THE BEGINNING
(John Kelly SVP - Director of IBM Research)

3. There is a Global Effort to develop
COGNITIVE COMPUTING
IBM (IBM.N) said it will invest more
than $1 billion to establish a new
business unit for Watson
Reuters -Thu Jan 9, 2014 2:50am EST
"The biggest thing will be Artificial
Intelligence," Schmidt (Google CEO)
said at Oasis
Bloomberg - Mar 6, 2014 10:07 PM GMT+0100
China's top search engine Baidu Inc.
has hired Google Inc's former
Artificial Intelligence (AI) chief
Andrew Ng
Reuters - Fri May 16, 2014 4:58pm EDT

4. We use MACHINE LEARNING to design AUTOMOTIVE VIRTUAL SENSORS:

5. By Leveraging Four Main Skills
Computer Science
Data Science
(MACHINE LEARNING)
Domain Knowledge
(Engineering)
Embedded Software
Electronics

6. SIDE SLIP ESTIMATOR

7. Side-Slip Angle Estimator (SSE)
We produce the first reliable Side-Slip angle Estimator
(SSE) algorithm ready to be integrated in any
embedded control loop.
This algorithm runs in Real-Time on a fraction of the
resources already available on the existing vehicle
electronic control units (15% CPU occupation on
Infineon TC1767) and uses exclusively the data already
available on the vehicle Can Bus.
We provide the SSE as a software (embeddable C) or
integrated in our Hardware solution for Performance
Vehicle Dynamics.

8. SSE on performance cars
Side Slip Angle Control: since the SSE estimates
the sideslip angle with high precision and virtually
with no lag in any driving condition and any road
surface, our customers use it in the traction
control loop.
Tire Temperature and Wear: the sideslip angle
estimator together with the longitudinal slip
estimator is used to calculate the instantaneous
kinetic energy dissipated by the tires and
consequently the tire temperature and total
wear.
Adaptive Aerodynamics: on some sport cars our
SSE is used in the control loops governing the
car’s adaptive aerodynamics.

9. Features
•Does not require additional sensors: works with CAN Bus data @ 50Hz
•Robust (insensitive) toTire Wear andTemperature
•Works in any handling and road conditions
•Available for 2WD and 4WD vehicles, also available for 4 wheel steering vehicles
Technical Data
•20 ms response Lag when used @ 50Hz frequency
•Maximum estimation Error on Wet / Dry conditions: 0.4° RMS
•Maximum estimation Error on Snow / Ice: 1.2° RMS
•Vehicle Speed: from 10 to 300 km/h
Required Signals (from vehicle CANBus)
•Wheel Speed
•Front Steer Angle (and rear steer angle when available)
•Ax; Ay; Yaw Rate
How does it work
This algorithm is based on a new
mathematical methodology
generally known as Deep
Learning.
This approach is extremely
effective in finding meaningful and
complex correlations in data. We
used it to find such correlations
between the available vehicle
sensor data, available on the Can
Bus of every vehicle and the
Sideslip Angle.
Once the model is calculated
from the experimental data, a
light version of the model is
translated in highly efficient
embedded C code ready to be
installed on the vehicle ECU.

10. Frequency Sweep
High Frequency Maneuvering
High Beta
Correvit Datron - SSE comparison onValidation Dataset
(2 wheels drive, 4 wheels steering vehicle)

11. SPEED ESTIMATOR

12. Speed Estimator - Racing
Do Not Require Additional Sensors
Speed Error below 1.0% from 10 to 40 km/h (*)
Speed Error below 0.5% from 40 to 310 km/h (*)
10[ms] Lag Guarantee with proper Data Feed
(*) Requires EitherTire Characterization OR GPS signal when available
Tire Characterization RequiresTypically One Day perTire Set

13. TRACTION CONTROL

14. ATC
AdvancedTraction Control
10% improvement in Longitudinal Acceleration
Up to 10% improvement in Longitudinal Acceleration
vs.TraditionalTraction Control Systems (standard
BOSCH)
Maximum traction performance in all driving conditions
Increased the Stability Margin without compromising
safety and driving pleasure

15. PTC
PerformanceTraction Control
Maximum Traction + Sideslip Angle Control
Integration of ATC and SSE: Supports the driver in driving
sport mode leaving more control and enjoyment while
keeping safety
Can be set to two targets:
+ PERFORMANCE : Maximum Cornering Speed
and Acceleration on Corner Exit
+ FUN: Controlled Drift

16. INTEGRATION ON BOARD
Depending on performance requests, there are four different integration options:
1. PTC measures the slip implemented by the traction control system and provides a delta_slip value to
be added to the reference signal entering in the closed-loop
2. PTC provides directly the slip reference signal entering in the traction control loop
3. PTC provides the engine torque reference signal entering in the engine control system
4. PTC provides the engine torque and throttle reference signals entering in the engine control system