An Emergency Procedure that combines Chest Compression often with Artificial Ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. The Aim of CPR is to maintain victim's breathing and circulation until Emergency Aid Arrives.

1. AUTOMATED CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR) MACHINE
Supervisor: Dr. Mujeeb
Co- Advisor: Dr. Rehan
Co- Advisor: Dr. Kashif Riaz
ADEEL AHMED EE-13043
MUHAMMAD JAMAL EE-13024
MUHAMMAD JAWAD EE-13021

2. Introduction to CPR
 An Emergency Procedure that combines Chest Compression often with
Artificial Ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain
function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood
circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
 The Aim of CPR is to maintain victim's breathing and circulation until
EmergencyAidArrives.

3. Idea to Design Automated CPR
Machine
According an Article published in The Nation:
• Heart disease and stroke are the worlds leading cause of death, claiming 17.
1 million lives each year.
• Worldwide, an average of more than 16 women per minute die of cardiovascular
disease, including heart attack and stroke.
• In Pakistan and other third world countries, the situation is even worse.
• The cardiac arrest alone contributes to 25 percent of death in the country.
http://nation.com.pk/lahore/25-Sep-2010/Heart-disease-claims-171m-lives-each-year

4. Problems in Conventional CPR
• The Problem with Standard CPR is that it provides only 1/3 of Normal
Blood Supply to the Brain and 10 to 20% to the Heart.
• Although Defibrillation is the DefinitiveTreatment forVentricular
Fibrillation, its success is dependent on Effective CPR.
• Providing CPR manually in moving Ambulance is very difficult. It may
harm the patient and paramedics.
• Manual CPR is very Exhausting Practice.
• Quality of CPR cannot be Assured.

5. Pre-Requisite
• Rate of Compression to Breathing:
Compression Rate for Adult : 30:2
Minimum Chest Compression 2 Inches
Minimum Force Required 110lb
BLS for health care providers, Student manual .American heart association AHA 2006

6. Automated CPR
• To ResolvedThis Issue we have designed anAutomated CPR
Machine.
• The Aim is to provide Continuous and Constant Compressions.
• We are Successful in cutting off the prices as compared to
currently operational devices functioning in Canadian
Ambulances.
• Our System is designed by keeping in mind about the exact
Pressure defined by American Medical Association.
• It is designed so that it may fit in the Bag Pack of Rescuer.

7. Designing Automated CPR
• Currently we are only focusing on providing compressions to the heart to
maintain Continuous Blood Circulation.
• Following is the image of presently available CPR device.

8. MajorTasks
• MECHANICAL PART:
• We have to design a Linear Actuator despite having any Information About
Mechanical Engineering
• Screw Size and Pitch
• Linear Actuator Design
• Motor Calculations
• ELECTRICAL PART:
• Controller Design
• PWMTheory
• Programming
• Automation

9. Block Diagram
• Setting ACPR
• Turning it On
User Part
• Microcontroller
• PWM Output
• Rotational to Linear
Motion
Controller
Part • Linear Actuator
• Compressions
• Feedback
Mechanical
Part

10. Mechanical Design 1
• Our First Designed as Discussed Later relied on:
• Rotatory Screw for Converting Rotational Motion to Linear
• Introduction of Bearings
• Linear Actuator Assembly
• Low Speed HighTorque Motor
http://www.cgco.com/news/18-oriental-motor/51-new-ez-limo-motorized-linear-actuators

11. Mechanical Design 1
• Rotatory Screw for Converting Rotational Motion to Linear

12. Mechanical Design 1
• Bearings for Rotatory Screw
Rotatory Screw Inlet

13. Mechanical Design 1
• LinearActuator Developed
Rotatory Screw
Linear Motion
Motor Assembly

14. Mechanical Design 1
• DC Motor Calculations
RPM calculation
Constants (Fixed due to the availability in the market)
Rod pitch = 4.1 mm
Total standard press distance = 2.5 inches
Calculations
nut spin req=(total press distance)/(rod pitch)
motor rotation req=2*nut spin req
minimum rpm req=motor rotation required*60
MATLAB Code
Minimum RPM is 1858 required to rotate the rod of 4.1 mm pitch in order to get 2.5 inches of linear nut movement.

15. Mechanical Design 1
• Purchased DC Motor (USED) RPM= 2200
• Rated 12-24Volts

16. Mechanical Design 1
Motor
Rotatory Screw
Linear Motion

17. Mechanical Design 1 (FAILED)
• Reason of Failure:
• Jerks
• Huge Power Required to Rotate Motor while Changing Directions
• A complex Power ElectronicsCircuit was Required
• Weight was around 15 Kg
• Prices had Increased drastically
Now What to do was the Main Question?
We needed to completelyChange the Structure
We were on Square One Again

18. Mechanical Design 2
• A Brief History:
• Sewing Machine

19. Mechanical Design 2
• A Brief History:
• Whitworth Motion
Why Not?

20. Mechanical Design 2
• A Brief History:
• Crank Motion
The Most Plausible Method…

21. Mechanical Design 2
• A Brief History:
• Crank Motion Final Design
Motor
Piston Rod
Chamber

22. Electrical Design
• We were Required to Make Motor Driver Circuitry
• MOSFETS
• MOSFET Driver
• Optocoupler

23. Electrical Design
• Microcontroller Used And Its Assembly
5VVoltage Regulator
Controller
Test LED

24. Electrical Design
• Final PCB Design
Optocoupler
Mosfet Driver
Capacitor
3.3V Regulator
MOSFET
Microcontroller5V Regulator
16MHz Crystal

25. Electrical Design
• Control DesignAnd PWM Control
• Speed Control by Smart Phone
• HC-09 Bluetooth Module Has been Used

26. Final Design
• Our Final Design Looks Like

27. Final Design
• SmallVideo

28. OurWebsite
• Visit ourWebsite at : http://bsee13043.wixsite.com/acpr

29. Conclusion
• Till our Final EvaluationWe have Accomplished:
• A Proper Calculation of Compressions and Force Needed
• A Proper Mechanical Design of Linear Actuator
• How to Stabilize the Jerks in Linear Actuator
• Proper Understanding of CPR Operation
• A Cheap and Effective Design
• CPR Power ElectronicCircuit
• Proper Documentation
• A Research Paper
• Webpage
• Poster

30. Some Related Links
• http://www.lucas-cpr.com/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAs1IUpNIGo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUwWeMbOmIY
• https://brainy-bits.com/blogs/tutorials/standalone-arduino
• https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photos-circuit-board-tree-background-
image20193868
• Singer, Mervyn, and Andrew Webb. Oxford handbook of critical care. Oxford University Press, 2009.
• Soar, Jasmeet, et al. "European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005: section 7.
Cardiac arrest in special circumstances." Resuscitation 67 (2005):S135-S170.
• Abella, Benjamin S., et al. "Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are
suboptimal." Circulation 111.4 (2005): 428-434.
• Some Images Have been taken From Google Images
• References have been given Slides Footer where needed.
• Images have been Photoshopped for perfection.
• For More Reference and Detailed Explanation. Please Read the thesis.