4.
INTRODUCTION
The Electronic Fuel Injection system fitted to most
modern vehicles combines sophisticated computer
controls with a high pressure fuel delivery system to
provide optimum power and fuel efficiency.
It uses the Electronic Sensors for Precise metering of
fuel.
The system is controlled by an electronic control unit
(ECU).
Replacement for Carburetor.
Not engine vacuum, is used to feed fuel into engine.
Pressure is used from an electric fuel pump.
5.
6. Types of EFI System
Single Point Injection System
Multi Point Injection System
Direct Injection System
Indirect Injection System
7. Single Point Injection
It is also called TBI.
Injector located inside
throttle body.
Injector sprays
fuel from above
throttle valve.
ECU controls
injector opening
8. Multi Point Injection System
Injector located in each
branch of inlet manifold,
below throttle valve.
Injectors spray fuel
directly into each port.
ECU controls
opening of injectors
9. Direct Injection
Injector is fixed to the top
of combustion chamber.
Fuel is injected above
Piston head.
Smaller combustion space,
better thermal efficiency.
10. Indirect Injection
Indirect Injection System
has a small swirl chamber
above the cylinder.
Fuel is injected in swirl
chamber.
Higher compression ratio
needed to aid starting.
12. Conventional/Carburetor Engine
The air induction system consists of the air
cleaner, air flow meter, throttle valve, air intake
chamber, intake manifold runner, and intake
valve.
When the throttle valve is opened, air flows
through the air cleaner, through the air flow
meter (on L type systems), past the throttle valve,
and through a well tuned intake manifold runner
to the intake valve.
Air Induction System
14. Air Cleaner : The Air Cleaner is a
functional part that purifies
vehicle intake air used for engine
combustion.
Air Cleaner Element:The Air Cleaner
Element (or Air Filter) is placed
inside the Air Cleaner to eliminate
dust, carbon and other pollution
contained within the intake air
from reaching the engine.
Air Induction System
15. Airflow meters are basically mass flow meters, as
they determine the air velocity and air pressure by
measuring the mass flow of a medium, which is air in
this case.
Air Induction System
16. The throttle body is the part of the air intake system that
controls the amount of air flowing into an engine's
combustion chamber. It consists of a bored housing that
contains a throttle plate that rotates on a shaft. When the
accelerator is depressed, the throttle plate opens and
allows air into the engine. When the accelerator is released,
the throttle plate closes and effectively chokes-off air flow
into the combustion chamber. This process effectively
controls the rate of combustion and ultimately the speed of
the vehicle.
The throttle body is usually located between the air filter
box and the intake manifold, and it is usually located near
the mass airflow sensor.
Air Induction System
23. Coolant Temp Sensor
It is used to measure the “temp” of the engine coolant of an IC Engine.
How does it work?
I. ECU sends out regulated voltage to the coolant sensor.
II. Voltage drops across it changes according to the temp because its RESISTANCE
changes.
III. Voltage drop is measured by the ECU and carry out adjustments according to this.
Locations: on the bottom of the radiator.
24. Mass Air Flow Sensor
It is to measure the amount of air entering the engine or the air flow.
How does “Hot Wire Sensor” work?
I. Const. voltage is applied to the wire, heated by the current produced by the applied
voltage, and it is placed in the position of the air stream.
II. As the air flows, its temperature drops, as a result of this resistance also drops.
III. It allows the more current to draw through it to maintain the initial temperature.
Location: The MAF Sensor is located either on the air cleaner box or along the pipe
going from the air cleaner to the throttle body.
25. Oxygen Sensor
It is used to measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the exhaust.
How does “O2 Sensor” work?
I. It actually compares the amount of oxygen that is present in exhaust gas and the
ambient air.
Location: These are located within the exhaust stream, there is at least one oxygen
sensor located before the catalytic converter and typically one in each exhaust
manifold.
26. Knock Sensor
It is used to detect the “VIBRATIONS” produce by the Engine Knocking.
How does it work?
I. It is a piezoelectric sensor. That changes the vibrations sense by it into the voltage
signal.
Location: This sensor is normally bolted onto the main-body of the engine.
27. Crankshaft Sensor
It is responsible for telling the exact location of the crankshaft as well as the RPM of
the engine.
How does it work?
I. It is positioned so that the teeth on the reluctor wheel are in contact with the tip of the
sensor.
II. As crankshaft rotates sensor produces a voltage signal corresponding to the teeth.
Locations: It is located at the bottom of the engine somewhere close to the crankshaft.
31. Functions:
Control of air/fuel ratio
Control of idle speed
Variable valve timing(VVT)
Ignition timing
Waste gate control
Speed limit
32.
33.
34. Fuel Delivery System and Actuators(OutPut).
Fuel Tank/Filter
Fuel pump
Fuel Rail/Relay & Return Line
Fuel pressure regulator
Fuel injectors
Valves
Spark Plug
35. Mounted inside or near the fuel tank
May range anywhere from 8 to 80 lbs.
Relay sends a signal to the ignition switch
All other actuators and components in the injection
system depend on powering the Relay.
Fuel Pump and Relay
36. Fuel pressure regulator
means of regulating fuel pressure according to
engine vacuum
mounted on the fuel rail that supplies the injectors.
has a simple spring-controlled vacuum diaphragm
with a vacuum connection to the intake manifold
The excess fuel pressure is shunted through a bypass
port back to the fuel tank
37. Fuel injector
Output actuators such as fuel injectors are devices
that are activated by the ECU with reference to the
engine’s load and condition it is in.
A spring-loaded solenoid pintle valve
Pulse width
common problem
38. Valves
Allow the intake of different fluids involved in the
injection of air, the mixture, and the fuel.
Canister valve: A key component for
the emission control system. Thanks to the
movement of this valve, vapours contained in the
fuel tank are transported into the engine,
– IAC (Idle Air Control) Valve: adjust the
engine idling revolutions, managing and
regulating the influx of air towards the combustion
chamber
39. Spark plug
This spark plug is used to ignite the charge inside
the engine by applying high voltage across the
terminal of electrode
40. Advantages Over Conventional System
Improved atomization. Fuel is forced into the intake
manifold under pressure.
Better fuel distribution.
Lower emissions. Lean efficient air-fuel mixture
reduces exhaust pollution.
Better cold weather drivability.
Precise metering of fuel to each cylinder and
increased air flow can result in more horsepower
output.