A Moore machine is a finite state machine where the next state is determined by the current state and input, and the output depends only on the present state. A Moore machine can be described with 6 tuples: the set of states Q, initial state Q0, input symbols Σ, output alphabet O, transition function δ from Q x Σ to Q, and output function λ from Q to O. An example Moore machine is shown with its state diagram, transition table, and how it produces an output of 1110 for the input 010 by transitioning through states q0, q1, and q2.