Journalism unit 4 Banglore University Syllabus(NEP2022)DanielDebbarma7
Theories of Press and their relevant to the present day; Journalism as a profession, Professional Organisations- Press Council of India; Starting a Newspaper, Career Oppurtunities in Journalism.
Journalism unit 4 Banglore University Syllabus(NEP2022)DanielDebbarma7
Theories of Press and their relevant to the present day; Journalism as a profession, Professional Organisations- Press Council of India; Starting a Newspaper, Career Oppurtunities in Journalism.
Communication
Communication studies
A summary of some mass communication theories
Communication theory as a field
History of communication
Media influence
Media studies
The PPT discusses on the press conditions in the world. It also explains the working conditions of press & media and its professionals in western countries as well as developing countries.
While is old of this Chapter in textbook, I have restructured to capture the meaning of political culture and format of politics, ideology, power, legitimacy.
Communication
Communication studies
A summary of some mass communication theories
Communication theory as a field
History of communication
Media influence
Media studies
The PPT discusses on the press conditions in the world. It also explains the working conditions of press & media and its professionals in western countries as well as developing countries.
While is old of this Chapter in textbook, I have restructured to capture the meaning of political culture and format of politics, ideology, power, legitimacy.
This presentation is for those students or teachers who are looking for some PPT presentation for their class as a means of reference. This PPT is not really as good as what others expected to be, but take my word for it, this will help you. Enjoy learning!
This presentation provides an introduction to quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. The presentation begins by explaining the type of quantitative traits. The process of QTL analysis, including the use of molecular genetic markers and statistical methods, is discussed. Practical examples demonstrating the power of MAS are provided, such as its use in improving crop traits in plant breeding programs. Overall, this presentation offers a comprehensive overview of these important genomics-based approaches that are transforming modern agriculture.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Power-sharing Class 10 is a vital aspect of democratic governance. It refers to the distribution of power among different organs of government, levels of government, and social groups. This ensures that no single entity can control all aspects of governance, promoting stability and unity in a diverse society.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Normative Theories
• Presented by
Aliza ahmed(490)
Mahajabeen Awan(475)
Harmain Akhter(499)
Kanwal Javed(495)
Asma Maqsood(510)
Tayyaba Yousaf(485)
• Presented to
Mam Sana Fatima
3. What is theory?
• “Theory is a system of interconnected abstractions or
ideas that condenses and organizes knowledge about the
world.”
• Formulated to explain, predict, and understand
phenomena.
• The theoretical framework introduces and describes the
theory that explains why the research problem under study
exists.
4. Proposed by
• Fred Siebert
• Theodore Peterson
• Wilbur Schramm
Book
• Four Theories of the
Press
5. • At first the word“Normative Theory” was pronounced in
USA during the height of „cold war‟with communism and
soviet.
• Often it called as western theories of mass media.
6. Description
• A Normative theory describes an ideal way for a media system to be
controlled and operated by the government, authority, leader and
public.
• Normative theories of press are not providing any scientific
explanations or prediction.
• At the same these “four theories of the press” were came from
many sources rather than a single source.
• Media practitioners, social critics and academics also involved to
develop these normative theories.
7. Importance
• Normative theories are more focused in the relationship
between Press and the Government than press and the
audience.
• These theories are more concern about the ownership of
the media and who controls the press or media in the
country.
8. The four theories of the Press/Media
1. Authoritarian theory 2. Libertarian theory
9. The four theories of the Press/Media
3. Social responsibility
theory
4. Soviet media theory
11. • Authoritarian theory of mass communication
originated from the philosophy of Plato (407-327
B.C.).
• The English monarchs used this approach when
the printing press was invented by censoring,
licensing, taxation and making laws.
12. Major Features
of Authoritarian
Theory of Press
• Control of government and
authority
• Oppressed Media
• Use of Power
• Punishment rule
• Limited Right
• Cancelation of license
• Privatize
• Concept of propaganda
• Media to strengthen the
government
14. King
King is the authority, who has all rights to control the
communication and no one can question against the
king.
15. Dictatorship
During the world war II Hitler and Mussolini are the two
major authorities who controlled the press in Germany
16. Strengths of
Authoritarian
Theory of Press
• This approach is sometimes
better for resolving social
and cultural conflicts.
• It is also better sometimes
because it motivates people
to work for the country and
its people.
• This theory can act as a
gatekeeper and prevent the
media that act irresponsibly.
• The theory can be used for
establishing propaganda.
17. Weakness of
Authoritarian
Theory of Press • Common people are taken
as less intelligent and as an
easy target to manipulate.
• The ruling class uses the
media only for their own
benefits.
• The freedom of expression
and information of normal
people is attacked.
19. • The theory which is originally came from
libertarian thoughts from 16th century in Europe.
• libertarian theorists are against the authoritarian
thoughts.
• International trade and urbanization undermine
the power of a rural aristocracy which leads
various social movements raise.
20. Liberalism
• Liberalism means
information is knowledge
and knowledge is power.
• Libertarianism is free from
any authority or any control
or censorship.
• The libertarianism is an idea
of individualism and limited
government which is not
harmful to another.
21. Concept of libertarian theory
• Libertarian theory sees people are more enough
to find and judge good ideas from bad.
• The theory says people are rational and their
rational thoughts lead them to find out what are
good and bad.
• The press should not restrict anything even a
negative content may give knowledge and can
make better decision whilst worst situation.
22. Major Features of
Libertarian Theory
of Press
• Free Media
• freedom of thoughts
• Individualism
• No censorship
• High Competition
• No government Influence
• Accountability
• Majority Rule
• Laissez-faire approach
24. Feedback
People can criticize the government policies and works
through social media or any other media like newspapers.
25. Strengths of
Libertarian Theory
of Press
• Media can give true
information without any control.
• There is no censorship.
• All individuals can express
their opinions and thoughts in
the media openly.
• The theory encourages healthy
competition among the
thoughts and ideas.
• Every work will be transparent
to all.
• It checks the government and
the state authorities and also
prevents corruption.
• It functions with democracy.
26. Weaknesses of
Libertarian Theory of
Press
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Media might not always act
responsibly.
Individuals might not always have
good intentions and ethics.
People can not always make rational
judgments.
Freedom of different type of people,
their ideas, opinions, school of
thoughts, and group objectives can
be in a conflict.
Media can misuse its power and
harm other people’s privacy and
dignity.
Media might defame, cause sedition,
libel or slander, be immodest,
publish obscenity and cause trouble.
Media might challenge the security
of the state.
28. • Social Responsibility theory of mass media is relatively a
new concept which started in the mid-20th century and is
used mostly by developing and least developed
countries.
• The theory started from Europe and took a shape with
the Commission on the Freedom of Press that happened
in United States in 1949.
• The model was designed formally by Siebert, Peterson
and Schramm in 1956 in their book.
29. Description
• Social responsibility is ethics that guide any
action, be it in media or other organizations that
put an obligation towards environment, society,
culture and economy.
• The media like any other sector should not
harm, but should promote environment
and socio-cultural aspects in relation to the
economy of the place.
30. Description
• It encourages total freedom to press and no
censorship, but it should be regulated according
to social responsibilities and external controls.
• Content is also filtered through public obligation
and interference.
31. Major Features
of Social
Responsibility
Theory
• Private press ownership
• Helps democracy prosper
• Media as a democratic
institution
• Public participation
• Emphasis on social
responsibility
• Self-regulation in media
• Code of ethics
34. Reports of Government Issues
Reporting on the performance of government institutions and unveil
tyranny and corruption by the media is also an example of socially
responsible media as Media acts like a critic of the government.
35. Strengths of Social
Responsibility
Theory
• It helps in avoiding conflicts
during wars and conflicts.
• It accepts public opinion and
works for the citizens.
• Press and media houses do not
have monopoly as rules and
ethics guide them.
• The media publishes truth due to
regulatory activities and their
moral obligation to do so .
• Yellow journalism decreases as
media can be questioned by the
law and public.
• Yellow journalism decreases as
media can be questioned by the
law and public.
36. Weaknesses of
Social
Responsibility
Theory
• Ethics are always vague,
ambiguous and differ from case
to case.
• It is difficult to determine who
sets clear principles and
standards.
• Social responsibility and ethics
are morally obligatory things.
Any form of legal limitations
should not be imposed if media
is just working in the principle of
responsibility. Laws are
authoritative and not democratic
concepts.
38. • The communist theory of mass media came into being
along with the concept of communism. George W. F.
Hegel and later, Karl Marx with Engels were the people
who thought of the theory in the 19th century.
• Mass media in the view of Karl Marx was supposed to be
responsible for socialist system of governance and
communist media was supposed to help in implementing
social policies.
• The communist and Marxist government rule and
communist theory of mass communication was
practically used by the then Soviet Union (Russia) in
1917. .
39. Concepts of Communist Theory
• Media is taken as a part of the state in Communist
Theory. The ownership of media is with the state and the
country runs the media as per their wishes to fulfill their
propaganda of control.
• Media is taken as a part of the state in Communist
Theory. The ownership of media is with the state and the
country runs the media as per their wishes to fulfill their
propaganda of control.
40. Difference between Authoritarian
theory and the communist theory
• Authoritarian, there
is private
ownership of
media
• Soviet communist
theory, the control
lies in very small
number of leaders
in soviet
communist theory.