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International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
DOI:10.5121/ijcsit.2015.7113 131
AUTHORING SYSTEM OF DRILL & PRACTICE E-
LEARNING MODULES FOR HEARING IMPAIRED
STUDENTS
Dr. Karim Q Hussein
Computer Science Dept./ Faculty of Science / Mustansiriyah University /Baghdad , Iraq
ABSTRACT
Hearing Impaired (HI) persons need to keep on practicing and repeating their lessons as well as their
exercises. Teaching methodology of HI students differ than normal students. HI students need to be
involved in practicing more and more using their modes of visual communication like sign language to
cover their audio disability. Teaching methodology of HI students recommends demonstration and
repeating with slow presentations of instructional material. A teacher displays his lesson directly face to
face without visual noise. More reinforcement and encouragement to HI students , fun & enjoyment should
be strongly included in the e-lessons as well as continuous interaction between teacher and HI students. As
per previous factors the decision of researchers is to develop Drill & Practice (D&P) e-learning
modules(eLMs) for selected topics like Mathematics. D&P eLMs of Mathematics for HI persons would be
the case study of this research including Developing & Evaluating.
The authors selected D&P eLMs Because eLMs match the requirements and mechanism of teaching
methodology for HI students.
The mechanism of developing eLMs is represented by Developing an Authoring System which allows
teachers of HI persons to generate any eLM of any selected topic for HI students. Also they can generate
multiple eLMs in the project.
The evaluating producer & tools for the experimental eLMs were view points of Experts through open
Questionnaire to list their evaluating comments. Besides view points of experts. There are experiments
which were held in real environment of HI students to test the eLMs of D&P of Mathematics to get
valuable feedback from them.
KEYWORDS
eLMs : e-Learning Modules, HI: Hearing Impaired, D&P: Drill & Practice.
1. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
This research aims at :
i) Developing an Authoring System which allows teachers of HI students to generate their
required eLMs of D&P lessons on desired topics for HI students. However, the generated eLMs
should be enhanced with effective multimedia technique to translate all the entry material of the
teacher into sign language video clips and finger spelling pictures.
ii) Applying this Authoring System to develop an experimental eLMs of D&P lessons for
Mathematics (Mathematics 2nd Standard Indian Schools).
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
132
iii) Trying / Showing the experimental eLMs of D&P lessons to Experts and teachers of HI
students to obtain the needful feedback from them. Also some of HI students have tried these
eLMs, another valuable feedback would obtained.
The authors applied the eLMs in real HI school to evaluate the system.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF ELMS OF D&P LESSONS
Purpose : practicing and enhancement of skills of the learning mind, particularly to grasp the
information by solving different exercises ( e. g. Mathematics )
The main goal of Drill & Practice is to solve and practice more exercises of the concern topic.
Steps
Introduction  (D & P) session  select item  ( Q & A ) Score/evaluationClosing 
Feedback.
Drill and Practice method is suitable for solving problems and exercises for subjects like
mathematics , statistic , physics , etc.
Our Authoring System offers six exercises for the teacher. Each exercise should be presented by
a question(the exercise) and three multiple choices for answering , one is correct answer others
are incorrect. The teacher may enters the question with multiple choice as required by the Author
system,
Also the teacher must enter the positive reinforcement for the correct answer and suitable
feedback for each incorrect answer , even feedback of incorrect answer should not scold student
but encourage him to try again with funny message as friendly feedback from computer to
student. Particularly standard level primary school students. For HI students standard level
primary school it should more importance for eLMs so as to be friendly learning tools.
Q) How many D&P eLMs could be developed via the Authoring system?
Our Authoring system allows the instructor to generate his required number of D&P eLMs in the
computer. But as experimental research work twenty D&P eLMs could be generated via the
Authoring system.
The following diagram represents the general integrated diagram for drill practice eLMs.
The following diagram represents the general integrated diagram for drill practice e-learning
module.
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
133
Fig .1: Diagram of Drill & Practice Method
Drill and Practice method is suitable for solving problems and exercises like Mathematics,
Statistic, Physics, etc.
3. DIAGRAM OF AUTHORING SYSTEM OF THE RESEARCH
The Authoring System includes two projects, teacher project and student project. Both projects
present an empty template. Teacher enters his exercises with required feedback and
reinforcement. Student project will receive entry material of teacher in corresponding empty
templates.
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
134
Figure.2: Block Diagram of the Authoring System Which Generates the desired eLMs of D&P for HI
students
4. LIMITATIONS AND TOOLS
1- Modes of communications with HI person
a- Sign language (Indian Sign language Standard Dictionary).
b- Finger Spelling (ASL – American Standard Language).
2- Software and Multimedia
Around 3000 mpg video files have been linked with the system (we based on Indian Sign
Language Dictionary) .
In the next section real Run-Out forms of eLMs of D&P of Mathematics would be presented as
case study of the Authoring System. The generated D&P eLM includes 8 multiple choices
exercises. The authors would present the 1st, 2nd and 3rd screen of teacher project and the
corresponding screens of student project.
5. SAMPLES OF REAL RUN-OUT FORMS
The forms shown below represent an experimental eLM for HI students (Mathematics 2nd
standard, Indian Schools.
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
135
Enter
Exercise 1
Enter 3
multiple
choices for
the question
display of
finger
spelling
display of
sign
language
clips
Figure.3: Form of exercise1 and multiple-choices in Teacher Project & the
corresponding Form in student project
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
136
6. APPLYING AND EVALUATING THE GENERATED D&P ELMS
After completing the system the authors selected Mathematics as case study. To evaluate the
applied D&P eLMs of Mathematics, the decision is show/try these experimental eLMs to Experts
and Teachers of HI persons then obtain the valuable feedback from them. Three different eLMs
have been tried and they were successfully developed (as shown in previous pictures). Many
selected experts and teachers of HI students have tried/practiced the experimental D&P eLMs.
Incorrect
choice 1
Enter
feedback for
incorrect
choice
Incorrect choice1 has been selected
display of
sign
language
clips
display of
finger
spelling
feedback of incorrect choice 1
Figure.4: Form of incorrect choices and reasons of mistake in Teacher Project & the
Corresponding Form in student project
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
137
6. CONCLUSIONS
1. The System supports the teacher to introduce the D&P eLMs for several topics to be displayed
in one list on screen. The teacher needs simple basic skills of suing computer also he needs not
for experience in sign language or finger spelling. The teacher is asked to submit his exercises
and keys of questions only.
2. Reinforcement is the key of learning. Such visual reinforcement is displayed with fun &
enjoyment in our system. Also feedback of incorrect answer leads to friendly learning tool to HI
learner.
3. HI learner takes the central role in the teaching / learning process via eLMs, as computer
provides continuous interaction between HI learner and computer.
4. Authoring System provides individualization in teaching / learning process. It accommodates
diversity through universal design.
5. The System translates the input word into sign language if the word is present in the
vocabulary and displays as sign language video clip. If it is not present, it would be displayed as
finger spelling letter by letter through sequential clip.
6. This system is a valuable for HI students who learn English language. Therefore to develop
modified system which can process any desired language of teacher is a great challenge step
forward supporting HI persons round the world.
REFERENCES
[1] Border, Jeffrey & Stouelt, Kimberly & Warnock, Mary : E-learning tools chapter 4,
http://iit.bloom.edu/spring2006 -e book files/chater4.htm
[2] Breeze :Power Point as an e-Learning Authoring Tool, Retrieved March 12 ,2006
from.http://download.macromedia.com/pub/breeze/whitepapers/developing-lmss-content.pdf
[3] Chandrasekaran, B.: Generic Tasks for Knowledge-Based Reasoning: The Right Level of Abstraction
for Knowledge Acquisition, IEEE Expert, 1, pp.23-30. 1986
[4] Cotton, Kathleen : Computer - Assisted – Instruction, School Improvement Research Series, Regional
Education Laboratories, May 1991
[5] Felzer, Laura : Research on How Signing Helps Hearing Children Learn to Read,
http://littlesigners.com/articlell.html
[6] Ferrett, Lauren Jade : Authoring Tools , Authorware , What are e-Learning Tools? Institute for
Interactive Technologies , BloomsburgUniversity of Pennsylvania, USA.
http://iiit.bloomu.edu/spring2006-eBook-files/chapter4.htm
[7] Horton, William: e-Learning Tools and Technologies: A consumer's Guide for Trainers, Teachers,
Educators, and Instructional Designers. Indianapolis, Indiana, Wiley Publishing Inc 2003.
[8] Hussein, Karim Q : Designing and Evaluating a Drill & Practice instructional computer program for
selected subjects of Statistic ,The Arabic Journal for Technical Education , 4/12/1994.
[9] Hussein, Karim Q & Al-Bayati, Maha. A: e-Learning Modules of Genetic Algorithms, 2nd conf of
Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan , May 2005.
[10] Jeong, Sang-Mok and Song ,Ki-Sang : The Community-Based Intelligent e-Learning System,
Advanced Learning Technologies, 2005. ICALT 2005. Fifth IEEE International Conference on
Volume, Issue , 5-8 July 2005 Page(s): 769 – 771..
Author
Dr. Karim Q Hussein
Academic Certificates :
Ph.D. in Computer Science.
Faculty of Computer Studies / Symbiosis International University / India /2008
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015
138
Experience :
July.2012 till now : Head of Information Technology branch – Department of Computer Science – Faculty
of Science – Mustansiriyah University – Baghdad-Iraq, Teaching Postgraduate as well as Undergraduate. I
am guiding many M.Sc. researches in the field of interest.
Sep.2008 till July.2012 : Assistant Professor – Department of Multimedia System – Faculty of Information
Technology – Al-Isra University – Amman-Jordan
I have 30 years of experiences in the academic work in Iraq , Libya and Jordan My promotion to Assistant
professor is under process.
The Publishing Researches :
There are 29 papers have been published or accepted for publishing in many several international journals
( USA , U.K , Europe Union , Korea ,India and others) and conferences .
Books: (One Chapter)
Karim .Q Hussein , Learning-Oriented Technologies, Devices and Networks, Chapter 13: pages 259-273
Evaluating System for E-Learning Modules for Hearing Impaired Students (Technical Criteria in
Review) .
Published by Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-8433-9000-2
Publication Year: 2011, EUROPE
Research Interests and Teaching Subjects
Mainly e-learning particularly Multimedia and e-learning for handicapped persons ( Deaf & Blind ). Also
2D Animation (Director & Flash), 3D Animation using (MAYA), Instructional Computer Applications ,
Generic software and Authoring Systems , besides other computer science subjects ( Visual Programming ,
OOP , Algorithms , Data Structures , Operation Research , Internet programming , System Software
,Numerical Analysis Applications ,etc.)
Software Skills: Mainly Multimedia S/W interest : MAYA , Director , Flash , C++ , Java , Visual Basic ,
Premiere Pro, php , Dreamweaver , HTML, ASP.net ,etc.

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Authoring system of drill & practice elearning modules for hearing impaired students

  • 1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 DOI:10.5121/ijcsit.2015.7113 131 AUTHORING SYSTEM OF DRILL & PRACTICE E- LEARNING MODULES FOR HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTS Dr. Karim Q Hussein Computer Science Dept./ Faculty of Science / Mustansiriyah University /Baghdad , Iraq ABSTRACT Hearing Impaired (HI) persons need to keep on practicing and repeating their lessons as well as their exercises. Teaching methodology of HI students differ than normal students. HI students need to be involved in practicing more and more using their modes of visual communication like sign language to cover their audio disability. Teaching methodology of HI students recommends demonstration and repeating with slow presentations of instructional material. A teacher displays his lesson directly face to face without visual noise. More reinforcement and encouragement to HI students , fun & enjoyment should be strongly included in the e-lessons as well as continuous interaction between teacher and HI students. As per previous factors the decision of researchers is to develop Drill & Practice (D&P) e-learning modules(eLMs) for selected topics like Mathematics. D&P eLMs of Mathematics for HI persons would be the case study of this research including Developing & Evaluating. The authors selected D&P eLMs Because eLMs match the requirements and mechanism of teaching methodology for HI students. The mechanism of developing eLMs is represented by Developing an Authoring System which allows teachers of HI persons to generate any eLM of any selected topic for HI students. Also they can generate multiple eLMs in the project. The evaluating producer & tools for the experimental eLMs were view points of Experts through open Questionnaire to list their evaluating comments. Besides view points of experts. There are experiments which were held in real environment of HI students to test the eLMs of D&P of Mathematics to get valuable feedback from them. KEYWORDS eLMs : e-Learning Modules, HI: Hearing Impaired, D&P: Drill & Practice. 1. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH This research aims at : i) Developing an Authoring System which allows teachers of HI students to generate their required eLMs of D&P lessons on desired topics for HI students. However, the generated eLMs should be enhanced with effective multimedia technique to translate all the entry material of the teacher into sign language video clips and finger spelling pictures. ii) Applying this Authoring System to develop an experimental eLMs of D&P lessons for Mathematics (Mathematics 2nd Standard Indian Schools).
  • 2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 132 iii) Trying / Showing the experimental eLMs of D&P lessons to Experts and teachers of HI students to obtain the needful feedback from them. Also some of HI students have tried these eLMs, another valuable feedback would obtained. The authors applied the eLMs in real HI school to evaluate the system. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF ELMS OF D&P LESSONS Purpose : practicing and enhancement of skills of the learning mind, particularly to grasp the information by solving different exercises ( e. g. Mathematics ) The main goal of Drill & Practice is to solve and practice more exercises of the concern topic. Steps Introduction  (D & P) session  select item  ( Q & A ) Score/evaluationClosing  Feedback. Drill and Practice method is suitable for solving problems and exercises for subjects like mathematics , statistic , physics , etc. Our Authoring System offers six exercises for the teacher. Each exercise should be presented by a question(the exercise) and three multiple choices for answering , one is correct answer others are incorrect. The teacher may enters the question with multiple choice as required by the Author system, Also the teacher must enter the positive reinforcement for the correct answer and suitable feedback for each incorrect answer , even feedback of incorrect answer should not scold student but encourage him to try again with funny message as friendly feedback from computer to student. Particularly standard level primary school students. For HI students standard level primary school it should more importance for eLMs so as to be friendly learning tools. Q) How many D&P eLMs could be developed via the Authoring system? Our Authoring system allows the instructor to generate his required number of D&P eLMs in the computer. But as experimental research work twenty D&P eLMs could be generated via the Authoring system. The following diagram represents the general integrated diagram for drill practice eLMs. The following diagram represents the general integrated diagram for drill practice e-learning module.
  • 3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 133 Fig .1: Diagram of Drill & Practice Method Drill and Practice method is suitable for solving problems and exercises like Mathematics, Statistic, Physics, etc. 3. DIAGRAM OF AUTHORING SYSTEM OF THE RESEARCH The Authoring System includes two projects, teacher project and student project. Both projects present an empty template. Teacher enters his exercises with required feedback and reinforcement. Student project will receive entry material of teacher in corresponding empty templates.
  • 4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 134 Figure.2: Block Diagram of the Authoring System Which Generates the desired eLMs of D&P for HI students 4. LIMITATIONS AND TOOLS 1- Modes of communications with HI person a- Sign language (Indian Sign language Standard Dictionary). b- Finger Spelling (ASL – American Standard Language). 2- Software and Multimedia Around 3000 mpg video files have been linked with the system (we based on Indian Sign Language Dictionary) . In the next section real Run-Out forms of eLMs of D&P of Mathematics would be presented as case study of the Authoring System. The generated D&P eLM includes 8 multiple choices exercises. The authors would present the 1st, 2nd and 3rd screen of teacher project and the corresponding screens of student project. 5. SAMPLES OF REAL RUN-OUT FORMS The forms shown below represent an experimental eLM for HI students (Mathematics 2nd standard, Indian Schools.
  • 5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 135 Enter Exercise 1 Enter 3 multiple choices for the question display of finger spelling display of sign language clips Figure.3: Form of exercise1 and multiple-choices in Teacher Project & the corresponding Form in student project
  • 6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 136 6. APPLYING AND EVALUATING THE GENERATED D&P ELMS After completing the system the authors selected Mathematics as case study. To evaluate the applied D&P eLMs of Mathematics, the decision is show/try these experimental eLMs to Experts and Teachers of HI persons then obtain the valuable feedback from them. Three different eLMs have been tried and they were successfully developed (as shown in previous pictures). Many selected experts and teachers of HI students have tried/practiced the experimental D&P eLMs. Incorrect choice 1 Enter feedback for incorrect choice Incorrect choice1 has been selected display of sign language clips display of finger spelling feedback of incorrect choice 1 Figure.4: Form of incorrect choices and reasons of mistake in Teacher Project & the Corresponding Form in student project
  • 7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 137 6. CONCLUSIONS 1. The System supports the teacher to introduce the D&P eLMs for several topics to be displayed in one list on screen. The teacher needs simple basic skills of suing computer also he needs not for experience in sign language or finger spelling. The teacher is asked to submit his exercises and keys of questions only. 2. Reinforcement is the key of learning. Such visual reinforcement is displayed with fun & enjoyment in our system. Also feedback of incorrect answer leads to friendly learning tool to HI learner. 3. HI learner takes the central role in the teaching / learning process via eLMs, as computer provides continuous interaction between HI learner and computer. 4. Authoring System provides individualization in teaching / learning process. It accommodates diversity through universal design. 5. The System translates the input word into sign language if the word is present in the vocabulary and displays as sign language video clip. If it is not present, it would be displayed as finger spelling letter by letter through sequential clip. 6. This system is a valuable for HI students who learn English language. Therefore to develop modified system which can process any desired language of teacher is a great challenge step forward supporting HI persons round the world. REFERENCES [1] Border, Jeffrey & Stouelt, Kimberly & Warnock, Mary : E-learning tools chapter 4, http://iit.bloom.edu/spring2006 -e book files/chater4.htm [2] Breeze :Power Point as an e-Learning Authoring Tool, Retrieved March 12 ,2006 from.http://download.macromedia.com/pub/breeze/whitepapers/developing-lmss-content.pdf [3] Chandrasekaran, B.: Generic Tasks for Knowledge-Based Reasoning: The Right Level of Abstraction for Knowledge Acquisition, IEEE Expert, 1, pp.23-30. 1986 [4] Cotton, Kathleen : Computer - Assisted – Instruction, School Improvement Research Series, Regional Education Laboratories, May 1991 [5] Felzer, Laura : Research on How Signing Helps Hearing Children Learn to Read, http://littlesigners.com/articlell.html [6] Ferrett, Lauren Jade : Authoring Tools , Authorware , What are e-Learning Tools? Institute for Interactive Technologies , BloomsburgUniversity of Pennsylvania, USA. http://iiit.bloomu.edu/spring2006-eBook-files/chapter4.htm [7] Horton, William: e-Learning Tools and Technologies: A consumer's Guide for Trainers, Teachers, Educators, and Instructional Designers. Indianapolis, Indiana, Wiley Publishing Inc 2003. [8] Hussein, Karim Q : Designing and Evaluating a Drill & Practice instructional computer program for selected subjects of Statistic ,The Arabic Journal for Technical Education , 4/12/1994. [9] Hussein, Karim Q & Al-Bayati, Maha. A: e-Learning Modules of Genetic Algorithms, 2nd conf of Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan , May 2005. [10] Jeong, Sang-Mok and Song ,Ki-Sang : The Community-Based Intelligent e-Learning System, Advanced Learning Technologies, 2005. ICALT 2005. Fifth IEEE International Conference on Volume, Issue , 5-8 July 2005 Page(s): 769 – 771.. Author Dr. Karim Q Hussein Academic Certificates : Ph.D. in Computer Science. Faculty of Computer Studies / Symbiosis International University / India /2008
  • 8. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 7, No 1, February 2015 138 Experience : July.2012 till now : Head of Information Technology branch – Department of Computer Science – Faculty of Science – Mustansiriyah University – Baghdad-Iraq, Teaching Postgraduate as well as Undergraduate. I am guiding many M.Sc. researches in the field of interest. Sep.2008 till July.2012 : Assistant Professor – Department of Multimedia System – Faculty of Information Technology – Al-Isra University – Amman-Jordan I have 30 years of experiences in the academic work in Iraq , Libya and Jordan My promotion to Assistant professor is under process. The Publishing Researches : There are 29 papers have been published or accepted for publishing in many several international journals ( USA , U.K , Europe Union , Korea ,India and others) and conferences . Books: (One Chapter) Karim .Q Hussein , Learning-Oriented Technologies, Devices and Networks, Chapter 13: pages 259-273 Evaluating System for E-Learning Modules for Hearing Impaired Students (Technical Criteria in Review) . Published by Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 978-3-8433-9000-2 Publication Year: 2011, EUROPE Research Interests and Teaching Subjects Mainly e-learning particularly Multimedia and e-learning for handicapped persons ( Deaf & Blind ). Also 2D Animation (Director & Flash), 3D Animation using (MAYA), Instructional Computer Applications , Generic software and Authoring Systems , besides other computer science subjects ( Visual Programming , OOP , Algorithms , Data Structures , Operation Research , Internet programming , System Software ,Numerical Analysis Applications ,etc.) Software Skills: Mainly Multimedia S/W interest : MAYA , Director , Flash , C++ , Java , Visual Basic , Premiere Pro, php , Dreamweaver , HTML, ASP.net ,etc.