Women in India face many issues including child marriage, female infanticide, domestic violence, and sexual harassment. Statistics show that a woman is molested every 26 minutes and a rape is reported every 36 minutes in India. Empowering women through education, access to resources, and political participation can help address these issues. A multifaceted approach is needed that includes education, healthcare, infrastructure development, ensuring property and inheritance rights, closing the gender gap in employment, increasing women's representation in government, and preventing violence against women. Political will and mobilizing change agents at all levels of society are essential to bringing about the deep transformations needed for a gender-equal society.
This document summarizes women's rights to health as established in Philippine law. It outlines an 11-point comprehensive health services framework for women that is culture-sensitive, gender-responsive, and covers all stages of a woman's life cycle, from maternal care and breastfeeding to family planning, sexual health, reproductive cancers, and care for elderly women. The framework aims to address the major causes of mortality and morbidity for women in the Philippines.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines the differences between sex and gender, and explains that women's empowerment involves redistributing power away from patriarchal systems and male dominance. It outlines objectives of empowerment like decision-making power, access to resources, and positive self-image. Crimes against women like domestic violence and rape are also mentioned. The document then discusses factors that facilitate empowerment and laws in India aimed at protecting and empowering women.
This document provides information on the status of women around the world. It includes data on early marriage prevalence, women as non-farm wage earners, acceptance of wife beating, and access to media by women and men. Some key statistics are that 41% of women in Africa have never been to school, only 7% of women work in professional jobs, and women have lower access to media than men in every age group. The document discusses the need to empower women by addressing issues like lack of decision making power, limited freedom of movement, and domestic violence. Government policies and programs aimed at social, economic and educational empowerment can help promote gender equality.
Gender sensitivity issues and women empowermentmebinninan
The document discusses gender roles and biases. It defines gender as socially constructed differences between women and men that can vary across cultures and time. Gender bias refers to actions against someone based on perceptions of unequal rights due to their gender. The document advocates for gender equality and women's empowerment, recognizing they are interconnected goals. It provides examples of gender disparities in areas like education, employment, marriage age, and decision making within households. Overall, the document analyzes gender issues and the importance of promoting equality and empowerment.
Nurses’ role in empowering smallholder women in developing countriesRobert Parolin
Smallholder women in developing countries face unique health and economic challenges. They make up the majority of farmers but have less access to resources and face increased risks of illness. Nurses can help empower smallholder women by supporting primary healthcare integrated with rural development, and by advocating for women's agricultural groups which improve access to resources, markets, and policy change. Working with these groups within a framework of rural development and primary healthcare can address the social determinants of health and livelihoods of smallholder women.
A theory of change for tackling violence against women and girlsDr Lendy Spires
The document outlines a theory of change for tackling violence against women and girls. The seven key principles are that interventions must be tailored to local context, governments have primary responsibility, holistic multi-sectoral approaches are most effective, social change is required to reduce violence, backlash is inevitable but manageable, women's rights organizations drive change, and empowering women is both the means and the end. The theory of change diagram then shows how addressing barriers like social norms and lack of resources can empower women, change social norms, build political will and services to ultimately prevent violence and ensure women's rights.
The document discusses women's empowerment and defines it as strengthening women's capacity individually and collectively to identify and overcome gender discrimination. It notes that empowerment refers to increasing women's spiritual, political, social, and economic strength. The document outlines issues facing women like domestic violence, dowry, female infanticide, rape, and trafficking. It discusses a holistic approach to empowerment through areas like health, education, skills, technology, credit, and political participation. The advantages of empowerment are also provided, along with indicators used to measure empowerment. The document further discusses legal frameworks, government programs and schemes, and positive stories of empowered women.
This document outlines a proposal to ensure safety and empowerment of women in India. It begins by noting that while the Indian constitution guarantees equal rights to women, in practice women face discrimination and lack of social acceptance. It then discusses various issues women face such as high rates of crimes like rape, sexual harassment, and abuse. The document proposes several solutions like improving access to education for girls, combating violence against women, increasing women's political participation and property rights. It argues that empowering women is essential for development and outlines a framework with dimensions of capabilities, access to opportunities and security to measure progress on gender equality.
This document summarizes women's rights to health as established in Philippine law. It outlines an 11-point comprehensive health services framework for women that is culture-sensitive, gender-responsive, and covers all stages of a woman's life cycle, from maternal care and breastfeeding to family planning, sexual health, reproductive cancers, and care for elderly women. The framework aims to address the major causes of mortality and morbidity for women in the Philippines.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines the differences between sex and gender, and explains that women's empowerment involves redistributing power away from patriarchal systems and male dominance. It outlines objectives of empowerment like decision-making power, access to resources, and positive self-image. Crimes against women like domestic violence and rape are also mentioned. The document then discusses factors that facilitate empowerment and laws in India aimed at protecting and empowering women.
This document provides information on the status of women around the world. It includes data on early marriage prevalence, women as non-farm wage earners, acceptance of wife beating, and access to media by women and men. Some key statistics are that 41% of women in Africa have never been to school, only 7% of women work in professional jobs, and women have lower access to media than men in every age group. The document discusses the need to empower women by addressing issues like lack of decision making power, limited freedom of movement, and domestic violence. Government policies and programs aimed at social, economic and educational empowerment can help promote gender equality.
Gender sensitivity issues and women empowermentmebinninan
The document discusses gender roles and biases. It defines gender as socially constructed differences between women and men that can vary across cultures and time. Gender bias refers to actions against someone based on perceptions of unequal rights due to their gender. The document advocates for gender equality and women's empowerment, recognizing they are interconnected goals. It provides examples of gender disparities in areas like education, employment, marriage age, and decision making within households. Overall, the document analyzes gender issues and the importance of promoting equality and empowerment.
Nurses’ role in empowering smallholder women in developing countriesRobert Parolin
Smallholder women in developing countries face unique health and economic challenges. They make up the majority of farmers but have less access to resources and face increased risks of illness. Nurses can help empower smallholder women by supporting primary healthcare integrated with rural development, and by advocating for women's agricultural groups which improve access to resources, markets, and policy change. Working with these groups within a framework of rural development and primary healthcare can address the social determinants of health and livelihoods of smallholder women.
A theory of change for tackling violence against women and girlsDr Lendy Spires
The document outlines a theory of change for tackling violence against women and girls. The seven key principles are that interventions must be tailored to local context, governments have primary responsibility, holistic multi-sectoral approaches are most effective, social change is required to reduce violence, backlash is inevitable but manageable, women's rights organizations drive change, and empowering women is both the means and the end. The theory of change diagram then shows how addressing barriers like social norms and lack of resources can empower women, change social norms, build political will and services to ultimately prevent violence and ensure women's rights.
The document discusses women's empowerment and defines it as strengthening women's capacity individually and collectively to identify and overcome gender discrimination. It notes that empowerment refers to increasing women's spiritual, political, social, and economic strength. The document outlines issues facing women like domestic violence, dowry, female infanticide, rape, and trafficking. It discusses a holistic approach to empowerment through areas like health, education, skills, technology, credit, and political participation. The advantages of empowerment are also provided, along with indicators used to measure empowerment. The document further discusses legal frameworks, government programs and schemes, and positive stories of empowered women.
This document outlines a proposal to ensure safety and empowerment of women in India. It begins by noting that while the Indian constitution guarantees equal rights to women, in practice women face discrimination and lack of social acceptance. It then discusses various issues women face such as high rates of crimes like rape, sexual harassment, and abuse. The document proposes several solutions like improving access to education for girls, combating violence against women, increasing women's political participation and property rights. It argues that empowering women is essential for development and outlines a framework with dimensions of capabilities, access to opportunities and security to measure progress on gender equality.
Gender sensitivity issues are arising in India that create inequality between men and women. Some key issues include inequality in healthcare, education, employment, nutrition, religion, politics, travel rights, and increased violence against women. Women face discrimination and barriers in many areas of life. Addressing gender sensitivity and reducing sexism is important for generating respect for all individuals regardless of gender.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India and outlines some of the challenges. It notes that while the Indian constitution guarantees women equal rights, in reality rural women still face poverty, ignorance, and oppression. Women have made progress in fields like politics, education, and the workforce, but true empowerment remains an illusion for many, especially in rural areas. More steps are needed like education, economic opportunities, legal protections, and increasing women's participation in local government to address the ongoing issues around gender inequality in India.
This document outlines strategies and priorities to ensure safety and empowerment of women. It discusses addressing violence against women through legal and policy reforms, expanding support services, and changing social attitudes. It also focuses on promoting women's economic empowerment through improving access to education, healthcare, financial services, and leadership opportunities. The overall goal is to save lives, promote gender equality, and empower women across sectors through strategic country programs and gender-responsive initiatives.
This document discusses strategies for involving men in HIV prevention efforts in South Africa. It notes that HIV disproportionately affects women due to gender inequalities. Involving men is important because men's risky behaviors and violence against women increase HIV risk. The document recommends adopting positive strategies that promote gender equality and empower women, while also improving men's lives. This includes engaging men in reproductive healthcare, caregiving, and addressing social norms around masculinity. Large-scale interventions are needed that integrate these issues and collaborate with communities and cultural/religious groups.
The document outlines strategies and solutions for ensuring women's safety and empowerment in India. It discusses how women face discrimination and violations of their rights despite constitutional protections. Crime statistics show high rates of crimes against women. The document proposes strengthening education for girls, increasing economic opportunities and political participation for women, combating violence, and guaranteeing health and property rights as key solutions. It outlines an operational framework with dimensions of capabilities, access to resources, and security to achieve gender equality. Significant funding and involvement of government, NGOs and international organizations would be required to implement the solutions on a large scale and measure their impact over time through monitoring gender indicators.
Empowering Adolescent Girls in India an OverviewDasra
Adolescent girls in India are a large invisible population, amounting to 113 million, or 20% of the world’s adolescent girls, and are trapped in a society with socio-cultural practices and contrasting stages of development that leaves them powerless to make essential life-choices. Addressing the challenges facing the adolescent girl in India requires mobilizing the key influencers and influences in her life – at home, in school and at work – that can help realize her potential including self, peers, families, communities and institutions.
Women empowerment involves strengthening women's ability to identify and overcome gender discrimination to take control of their lives. Key areas of development for women include social, educational, and economic empowerment. Socially, legislation has provided women more rights and privileges, while educationally, programs aim to increase literacy and awareness. Economically, income generation schemes, vocational training, and microfinance aim to empower women. Promoting small family norms through family planning programs further aids women's empowerment.
The document outlines steps towards achieving gender equality in India. It discusses strengthening women's economic, social, political and personal empowerment. It also addresses improving women's safety, security, respect and dignity. Currently, women face issues like sexual harassment, domestic violence, female infanticide and restricted opportunities that gender equality aims to overcome through education, equal rights, and laws against anti-women practices. Achieving gender equality requires efforts from government, society and families to empower women.
Women Empowerment Project By Harsha Popat AhmedabadHarsha Popat
Women empowerment involves the building up of a society, a political environment, wherein women can breathe without the fear of oppression, exploitation, apprehension, discrimination and the general feeling of persecution which goes with being a woman in a traditionally male dominated structure.
1) Empowerment of women involves building a society where women can live freely without fear of oppression, exploitation, or discrimination and ensuring their participation in political decision making.
2) While women's empowerment and gender equality have improved over time, issues like domestic violence and exploitation of women still exist as the female literacy rate and sex ratio remain lower than desired.
3) Measures to ensure women's safety include understanding the root causes of crimes against women, improving education, raising public awareness, self defense training, social services, medical and psychological support, strict laws and punishments. Reforms are needed in attitudes of both women and men.
The document discusses ensuring safety and empowerment of women in India. It notes that 75% of crimes in Delhi are against women and safety must come before empowerment. Women lack social, economic, and security against crimes. Solutions proposed include education, policy changes, enforcement, economic support, and awareness. Implementation involves mandatory schooling, identifying perpetrators, support for women-led businesses, and public awareness campaigns. Progress will be measured by literacy, employment, assets owned, and crime rates. Challenges to implementation include social attitudes, resources, and coordination, but local participation and awareness campaigns can help overcome them.
Importance of information system in raising public awareness about domestic v...Masum Hussain
Across the globe, information system tools have helped fuel social movements. Information system has been shown to strengthen social actors’ ability to challenge and change power relations in society, providing platforms for debate, reflection, influencing and mobilizing people. To better understand the potential of information system to engage especially young people in efforts to prevent domestic violence the Partners for Prevention regional project, Engaging Young Men Through Information system for the Prevention of Domestic violence’ which supported information system awareness campaigns designed to raise awareness and motivate young people to take action to prevent domestic violence has revealed practical lessons from three awareness campaigns on the effective use of information system tools for violence protection.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as giving women the power to control their own lives. It outlines problems facing women like violence, discrimination, and workplace issues. Components of empowerment include self-worth, choices, opportunities, and influencing social change. Factors like education, health, poverty, and traditions can affect empowerment, while policies aim to facilitate it through rights, freedom, and participation. The national policy's goals are creating an enabling environment and fundamental freedoms for women.
The document discusses women empowerment and defines key related concepts. It explains that empowerment refers to increasing women's spiritual, social, economic, and educational strength by giving them freedom from oppression, a choice in decisions, better access to education, property rights, and involvement in political processes. The document advocates for a holistic approach to empowerment by addressing issues across several areas including health, education, skills, and political participation. It outlines goals of ensuring equal access and rights for women as well as eliminating discrimination and violence against women.
Violence against women includes physical, sexual, and psychological harm occurring in public or private. It impacts women's health through increased sexual risk-taking in adolescents, STD transmission including HIV/AIDS, and gynecological problems. Organizations like Status of Women Canada and Justice Canada help women and ways to prevent abuse include calling police, reporting to others, self-protection, teaching children respect, and supporting women's organizations.
Women Empowerment : Reservation with ProtectionApurv Londhe
Women Needs to be empowered to make there situation better . The answer is education , employment and ecourage them in social activities . Only reservation won't empower women's situation in India But rather it is a best way to contribute for the empowerment of India . According to me women could be empowered through three ways - 1. Education 2. Employment - i.e Economic Empowerment 3. Sociall Empowerment !!
But being seen the will of our polititian for Reservation in Loksabha , The Bill is still pending is the saddest thing . The President of INC - is a Women , Hon' Speaker of Loksabha is a Women and also Opposition Leader of Loksabha is a WOmen Still and still womens situation in India is not too good , and still the bill is pending .!!!
I am not saying that the bill is only solution put I am damn sure that bill is part of solution !! If womens are led to be the part of the system they could change them and could make other women empower ,
This is what Empowering Women by Women i.e what Empowering Women Empowering India !!!
This document summarizes key findings from a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment related to gender equality in Nepal following the 2015 earthquake. It notes that women face increased burdens from additional work hours and responsibilities caring for children. Recovery efforts need to ensure women's equal access and participation. Assessments found most women do not feel their needs are being addressed, and they lack information and feel unheard. Special vulnerabilities exist for female-headed households and minority groups. More work is needed to address gender-based violence and support maternal health. The shelter sector is working to involve women in reconstruction and address their privacy and security needs.
In India women taking part in the politics will be a positive mark, as the male politicians are found to be more corrupted and their contribution to the development of India found to be inadequate. Traditionally Indian women are passionate, caring, good homemakers intelligent, and known to keep the family united even the family goes through rough spots. Their entrance into the Indian political process will assist the country to a brilliant hereafter..
This document contains two parts. The first part provides definitions for 10 terms related to gender and sexuality. The second part contains 10 statements related to gender, sexuality, and the law, and identifies whether each statement is true or false. Key points covered include the definition of gender analysis, gender mainstreaming, and gender audit. It also addresses topics like what constitutes rape under Philippine law, whether premature marriage is a crime, and evidentiary standards regarding a rape victim's past conduct and reputation.
This document discusses issues with primary education in India. It notes that while infrastructure investments are necessary, they are not sufficient to improve learning levels on their own. Stronger teacher hiring and training processes are needed to ensure quality education. Governance also needs to improve, such as more stringent monitoring of mid-day meal preparation and distribution, and teacher attendance. Collaboration with NGOs may help bring more children to schools and improve teaching methods. The curriculum also needs to engage students more to reduce dropout rates. Educating parents is important as well to emphasize the importance of education. Annual exams need careful setting to properly assess students.
The document proposes setting up a government organization to increase youth employability in India. The organization would connect job seekers to multinational companies (MNCs) registered with the organization by collecting resumes and forwarding them based on qualifications. It aims to reduce unemployment by 1.5% over 2 years by streamlining the process between job seekers and companies. Challenges include limited internet access for some and addressing location and equal opportunity concerns.
The document discusses challenges in India's primary education system and proposes solutions to improve quality. It notes that 58% of children do not complete primary education due to poor quality. Major challenges include teacher quality and training, lack of infrastructure, and high dropout rates. It proposes implementing regular summative assessment tests twice a year to evaluate student and teacher performance, with results publicly available to increase accountability. Other solutions discussed include improving teacher training methods, addressing issues like childcare responsibilities that prevent school attendance, and more frequent inspections to address problems like teacher absenteeism and flawed teaching methodology.
Gender sensitivity issues are arising in India that create inequality between men and women. Some key issues include inequality in healthcare, education, employment, nutrition, religion, politics, travel rights, and increased violence against women. Women face discrimination and barriers in many areas of life. Addressing gender sensitivity and reducing sexism is important for generating respect for all individuals regardless of gender.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India and outlines some of the challenges. It notes that while the Indian constitution guarantees women equal rights, in reality rural women still face poverty, ignorance, and oppression. Women have made progress in fields like politics, education, and the workforce, but true empowerment remains an illusion for many, especially in rural areas. More steps are needed like education, economic opportunities, legal protections, and increasing women's participation in local government to address the ongoing issues around gender inequality in India.
This document outlines strategies and priorities to ensure safety and empowerment of women. It discusses addressing violence against women through legal and policy reforms, expanding support services, and changing social attitudes. It also focuses on promoting women's economic empowerment through improving access to education, healthcare, financial services, and leadership opportunities. The overall goal is to save lives, promote gender equality, and empower women across sectors through strategic country programs and gender-responsive initiatives.
This document discusses strategies for involving men in HIV prevention efforts in South Africa. It notes that HIV disproportionately affects women due to gender inequalities. Involving men is important because men's risky behaviors and violence against women increase HIV risk. The document recommends adopting positive strategies that promote gender equality and empower women, while also improving men's lives. This includes engaging men in reproductive healthcare, caregiving, and addressing social norms around masculinity. Large-scale interventions are needed that integrate these issues and collaborate with communities and cultural/religious groups.
The document outlines strategies and solutions for ensuring women's safety and empowerment in India. It discusses how women face discrimination and violations of their rights despite constitutional protections. Crime statistics show high rates of crimes against women. The document proposes strengthening education for girls, increasing economic opportunities and political participation for women, combating violence, and guaranteeing health and property rights as key solutions. It outlines an operational framework with dimensions of capabilities, access to resources, and security to achieve gender equality. Significant funding and involvement of government, NGOs and international organizations would be required to implement the solutions on a large scale and measure their impact over time through monitoring gender indicators.
Empowering Adolescent Girls in India an OverviewDasra
Adolescent girls in India are a large invisible population, amounting to 113 million, or 20% of the world’s adolescent girls, and are trapped in a society with socio-cultural practices and contrasting stages of development that leaves them powerless to make essential life-choices. Addressing the challenges facing the adolescent girl in India requires mobilizing the key influencers and influences in her life – at home, in school and at work – that can help realize her potential including self, peers, families, communities and institutions.
Women empowerment involves strengthening women's ability to identify and overcome gender discrimination to take control of their lives. Key areas of development for women include social, educational, and economic empowerment. Socially, legislation has provided women more rights and privileges, while educationally, programs aim to increase literacy and awareness. Economically, income generation schemes, vocational training, and microfinance aim to empower women. Promoting small family norms through family planning programs further aids women's empowerment.
The document outlines steps towards achieving gender equality in India. It discusses strengthening women's economic, social, political and personal empowerment. It also addresses improving women's safety, security, respect and dignity. Currently, women face issues like sexual harassment, domestic violence, female infanticide and restricted opportunities that gender equality aims to overcome through education, equal rights, and laws against anti-women practices. Achieving gender equality requires efforts from government, society and families to empower women.
Women Empowerment Project By Harsha Popat AhmedabadHarsha Popat
Women empowerment involves the building up of a society, a political environment, wherein women can breathe without the fear of oppression, exploitation, apprehension, discrimination and the general feeling of persecution which goes with being a woman in a traditionally male dominated structure.
1) Empowerment of women involves building a society where women can live freely without fear of oppression, exploitation, or discrimination and ensuring their participation in political decision making.
2) While women's empowerment and gender equality have improved over time, issues like domestic violence and exploitation of women still exist as the female literacy rate and sex ratio remain lower than desired.
3) Measures to ensure women's safety include understanding the root causes of crimes against women, improving education, raising public awareness, self defense training, social services, medical and psychological support, strict laws and punishments. Reforms are needed in attitudes of both women and men.
The document discusses ensuring safety and empowerment of women in India. It notes that 75% of crimes in Delhi are against women and safety must come before empowerment. Women lack social, economic, and security against crimes. Solutions proposed include education, policy changes, enforcement, economic support, and awareness. Implementation involves mandatory schooling, identifying perpetrators, support for women-led businesses, and public awareness campaigns. Progress will be measured by literacy, employment, assets owned, and crime rates. Challenges to implementation include social attitudes, resources, and coordination, but local participation and awareness campaigns can help overcome them.
Importance of information system in raising public awareness about domestic v...Masum Hussain
Across the globe, information system tools have helped fuel social movements. Information system has been shown to strengthen social actors’ ability to challenge and change power relations in society, providing platforms for debate, reflection, influencing and mobilizing people. To better understand the potential of information system to engage especially young people in efforts to prevent domestic violence the Partners for Prevention regional project, Engaging Young Men Through Information system for the Prevention of Domestic violence’ which supported information system awareness campaigns designed to raise awareness and motivate young people to take action to prevent domestic violence has revealed practical lessons from three awareness campaigns on the effective use of information system tools for violence protection.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as giving women the power to control their own lives. It outlines problems facing women like violence, discrimination, and workplace issues. Components of empowerment include self-worth, choices, opportunities, and influencing social change. Factors like education, health, poverty, and traditions can affect empowerment, while policies aim to facilitate it through rights, freedom, and participation. The national policy's goals are creating an enabling environment and fundamental freedoms for women.
The document discusses women empowerment and defines key related concepts. It explains that empowerment refers to increasing women's spiritual, social, economic, and educational strength by giving them freedom from oppression, a choice in decisions, better access to education, property rights, and involvement in political processes. The document advocates for a holistic approach to empowerment by addressing issues across several areas including health, education, skills, and political participation. It outlines goals of ensuring equal access and rights for women as well as eliminating discrimination and violence against women.
Violence against women includes physical, sexual, and psychological harm occurring in public or private. It impacts women's health through increased sexual risk-taking in adolescents, STD transmission including HIV/AIDS, and gynecological problems. Organizations like Status of Women Canada and Justice Canada help women and ways to prevent abuse include calling police, reporting to others, self-protection, teaching children respect, and supporting women's organizations.
Women Empowerment : Reservation with ProtectionApurv Londhe
Women Needs to be empowered to make there situation better . The answer is education , employment and ecourage them in social activities . Only reservation won't empower women's situation in India But rather it is a best way to contribute for the empowerment of India . According to me women could be empowered through three ways - 1. Education 2. Employment - i.e Economic Empowerment 3. Sociall Empowerment !!
But being seen the will of our polititian for Reservation in Loksabha , The Bill is still pending is the saddest thing . The President of INC - is a Women , Hon' Speaker of Loksabha is a Women and also Opposition Leader of Loksabha is a WOmen Still and still womens situation in India is not too good , and still the bill is pending .!!!
I am not saying that the bill is only solution put I am damn sure that bill is part of solution !! If womens are led to be the part of the system they could change them and could make other women empower ,
This is what Empowering Women by Women i.e what Empowering Women Empowering India !!!
This document summarizes key findings from a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment related to gender equality in Nepal following the 2015 earthquake. It notes that women face increased burdens from additional work hours and responsibilities caring for children. Recovery efforts need to ensure women's equal access and participation. Assessments found most women do not feel their needs are being addressed, and they lack information and feel unheard. Special vulnerabilities exist for female-headed households and minority groups. More work is needed to address gender-based violence and support maternal health. The shelter sector is working to involve women in reconstruction and address their privacy and security needs.
In India women taking part in the politics will be a positive mark, as the male politicians are found to be more corrupted and their contribution to the development of India found to be inadequate. Traditionally Indian women are passionate, caring, good homemakers intelligent, and known to keep the family united even the family goes through rough spots. Their entrance into the Indian political process will assist the country to a brilliant hereafter..
This document contains two parts. The first part provides definitions for 10 terms related to gender and sexuality. The second part contains 10 statements related to gender, sexuality, and the law, and identifies whether each statement is true or false. Key points covered include the definition of gender analysis, gender mainstreaming, and gender audit. It also addresses topics like what constitutes rape under Philippine law, whether premature marriage is a crime, and evidentiary standards regarding a rape victim's past conduct and reputation.
This document discusses issues with primary education in India. It notes that while infrastructure investments are necessary, they are not sufficient to improve learning levels on their own. Stronger teacher hiring and training processes are needed to ensure quality education. Governance also needs to improve, such as more stringent monitoring of mid-day meal preparation and distribution, and teacher attendance. Collaboration with NGOs may help bring more children to schools and improve teaching methods. The curriculum also needs to engage students more to reduce dropout rates. Educating parents is important as well to emphasize the importance of education. Annual exams need careful setting to properly assess students.
The document proposes setting up a government organization to increase youth employability in India. The organization would connect job seekers to multinational companies (MNCs) registered with the organization by collecting resumes and forwarding them based on qualifications. It aims to reduce unemployment by 1.5% over 2 years by streamlining the process between job seekers and companies. Challenges include limited internet access for some and addressing location and equal opportunity concerns.
The document discusses challenges in India's primary education system and proposes solutions to improve quality. It notes that 58% of children do not complete primary education due to poor quality. Major challenges include teacher quality and training, lack of infrastructure, and high dropout rates. It proposes implementing regular summative assessment tests twice a year to evaluate student and teacher performance, with results publicly available to increase accountability. Other solutions discussed include improving teacher training methods, addressing issues like childcare responsibilities that prevent school attendance, and more frequent inspections to address problems like teacher absenteeism and flawed teaching methodology.
India's primary education system ensures access to schools but not learning for all students. The literacy rates are 82.1% for males and 65.5% for females, but 40.6% of students drop out of school. Many challenges exist, including a lack of quality education due to untrained teachers, poor school infrastructure, and underpaid teachers. Proposed solutions include improving teacher training, increasing spending on education infrastructure, and implementing summer schools and student support programs to reduce dropout rates.
The document discusses challenges with India's Public Distribution System (PDS) including corruption, lack of transparency, and inefficient distribution channels that result in only 57% of grains reaching the target population. It proposes replacing Fair Price Shops with a Food Stamp system, where beneficiaries receive coupons of a specified quantity of foods to purchase eligible items from private retailers. This could reduce costs from 28% to 0%, remove intermediaries and illegal diversions, give beneficiaries more flexibility in where they shop, and increase coverage. Concerns like stamp perishability and inflation could be addressed through techniques like laminating stamps, bank redemption, and basing quantities not values.
The document discusses issues related to drinking water and sanitation in India. It notes that about 70% of the population lacks basic sanitation and 226 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Some of the proposed solutions discussed include seeking new water sources, reducing demand from agriculture/industry, recycling grey water, and implementing low-cost sanitation systems with community involvement. The solutions could help provide access to clean drinking water and sanitation for many but also face challenges like social acceptance and proper treatment of wastewater. Mitigation strategies and continued education efforts are needed.
The document discusses problems with the quality of primary education in India and potential solutions. The key problems identified are low interest in education, family problems, costly education systems, failure of government initiatives, lack of teachers, marks-focused education, corruption, poor management, and misconceptions about primary schools. Suggested solutions include developing student interest in education, improving family standards, controlling education costs, increasing transparency, improving the teacher-student ratio and education quality, strict anti-corruption rules, and changing perceptions of primary schools. The document focuses on issues within the government primary education system.
1) Several factors affect agricultural productivity in India including small landholdings, poor technologies, inadequate irrigation and services, and natural calamities.
2) Solutions proposed to increase productivity include allocating uncultivated land to local farmers, improving irrigation through techniques like Jyotigram Yojana and drip irrigation, and increasing access to better quality seeds, technologies, and markets.
3) The government could play a key role by supporting these solutions through policies, subsidies, awareness programs, and infrastructure investments.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It covers topics like principles of empowerment, the importance of education, action plans, violence against women, economic participation, and access to technology. The key aspects of empowerment discussed are increasing women's self-reliance, decision making power, and participation in development. While progress has been made in education and economic participation, gender gaps still exist and more work is needed to fully empower women in India.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It notes that historically, women were respected but their status declined in medieval times. Now, women are breaking social barriers and empowerment involves increasing women's self-worth, choices, access to opportunities, and ability to influence social change. The document then provides statistics on India's population and notes objectives and goals around advancing women's development, rights, and participation in society.
Women in India have faced challenges from a male-dominated society throughout history. Despite some progress, women's status remains low compared to men due to social and economic inequalities. Women are largely excluded from public decision-making roles due to beliefs that their place is only in the private domestic sphere. While the constitution provides for women's equality and empowerment, rural women in particular remain deprived and marginalized. Further efforts are still needed to improve women's socioeconomic conditions and participation in governance.
Women's empowerment refers to women gaining power and control over their own lives through education and gaining knowledge. It involves women developing self-worth, controlling their own decisions, and influencing social change. Education is seen as a key way to empower women by improving economic opportunities and social status, as well as lowering population growth and improving children's education. However, barriers like poverty, lack of access to education, and cultural biases have prevented women in India from gaining empowerment through education despite government commitments.
This document summarizes education as a tool for empowering women. It discusses how education can help women gain decision making abilities, communication skills, and awareness of their rights. The document outlines objectives of education for women, indicators of empowerment, levels of empowerment from individual to societal, and factors limiting women's education. It argues that educated women can improve their families and society by making informed choices around health, finances, and children's education. Overall, the document advocates for increasing women's education as a path toward empowerment and national development.
In this upload, you can refer all the topics related to the women empowerment.
Definition of women empowerment
various principles in women empowerment
Necessity of women empowerment
The process of women empowerment
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001)
Laws Related to Women
Necessity of women reservation:
A SIMPLE QUOTATION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
detailed NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) is mentioned in the presentation
M.Ed Advanced Sociology of education's Topic - Womens empowerment..fatima roshan
Education is a key means of empowering women and promoting gender equality. Empowerment involves gaining knowledge, skills, and self-confidence to make choices and control one's own life. Education improves women's economic opportunities and status in society. It also leads to lower fertility rates and population growth by increasing access to family planning. However, disparities in access to education still exist between social groups in many countries due to poverty, discrimination, and lack of political will. Ensuring universal access to education is crucial for empowering women and promoting human rights.
The document discusses various methods for empowering women, including land rights, education, and internet access. Land rights give women economic power and bargaining power. Education improves health outcomes, allows women to engage publicly, and empowers choices. The internet allows women to connect through social media and blogs, spreading information. However, increased internet access can also lead to more exploitation and harassment of women online. Women's empowerment is measured by factors like political participation and economic independence. Empowering women benefits entire societies by enhancing human resources for development.
The document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as giving women the power to control their own lives. It outlines problems facing women like violence, discrimination, and unemployment. Components of empowerment include self-worth, choices, opportunities, and influencing social change. Factors like education, health, poverty, and traditions can affect empowerment, while policies aim to facilitate it through rights, freedom, and participation.
This document discusses issues related to the status of women in India and provides suggestions to improve women's empowerment. It outlines that women historically had equal status but that has declined. It identifies problems like gender disparities, lack of education and healthcare access for women, dowry practices, and violence against women. It recommends empowering women economically through microcredit, supporting their role in agriculture and industry, and ensuring social empowerment through education, health, nutrition, housing, and ending violence against women. The goal is to advance women's development and equality through these legal, economic and social reforms.
The document proposes the R.U.E.M.P.O.W.E.R.E.D. model for women's empowerment in India. It aims to strengthen opportunities for girls' education, guarantee sexual/reproductive health rights, and invest in infrastructure to reduce women's time burdens. The model would also revise taxation for women, guarantee property/inheritance rights, increase political representation, and combat violence against women. It estimates that implementing the comprehensive model over 10 years could cost around $4000-5000 per capita annually and would require committed government and NGO support, technical/financial assistance, and accountability measures. The goal is to achieve true empowerment, equality, and justice for women in India
The document discusses women's empowerment and gender equality. It outlines challenges to empowerment like discrimination and domestic responsibilities. It proposes steps for social welfare like ensuring women's participation, providing support services, and formulating empowering laws and policies. The government's goal is to end discrimination and violence against women while ensuring their participation and rights. Recommendations include fast-tracking crime cases, awareness programs, and strengthening support infrastructure to promote gender equality.
SDG 5 aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls by 2030. It has nine targets focused on ending discrimination, violence, and harmful practices against women; recognizing and valuing unpaid care work; ensuring women's participation in leadership and decision-making; and achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities as women face increased vulnerabilities, reduced access to healthcare, and rising violence. Achieving SDG 5 is crucial for sustainable development as empowering women and girls spurs economic growth.
Action to empower women report on education and gender equalitySiva Prakash Murugan
This document discusses strategic priorities for achieving gender equality and empowering women as outlined in the UN's Millennium Development Goals. It identifies seven strategic priorities: 1) increasing post-primary education for girls, 2) guaranteeing sexual and reproductive health and rights, 3) investing in infrastructure to reduce women's time burdens, 4) guaranteeing property and inheritance rights for women, 5) eliminating gender inequality in employment, 6) increasing women's political representation, and 7) combating violence against women and girls. The document argues that progress in these areas is essential to meet the goal of gender equality by 2015.
Within our reach - Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Post 2015Dr Lendy Spires
1) Gender inequality is a global challenge that stunts the prospects and life chances of millions of women and girls through widespread discrimination.
2) However, securing equal rights for women has never been closer due to important gains over the last 15 years like increased representation in government and parity in primary school enrollment.
3) A new post-2015 framework must finish achieving the goals of the MDGs, tackle critical barriers like gender-based violence, and establish a new global partnership to support countries' efforts to reduce gender inequalities and empower women.
This document discusses issues facing women's empowerment and safety in India. It notes that while education levels are rising for women, they still face obstacles in male-dominated cultures. Ensuring women's safety, eliminating discrimination, and strengthening legal protections and enforcement are important for promoting gender equality and empowerment.
The document discusses various aspects of women's empowerment in Pakistan. It notes that historically women's access to resources like property, education and employment has been lower than men's due to Pakistan's patriarchal society. However, it also discusses improvements over time, with women now participating in fields like education, politics, arts and services. It emphasizes the importance of education in particular for empowering women with skills and confidence. Other discussed aspects of empowerment include land rights, political participation, microfinance opportunities, and challenging traditional gender roles and responsibilities.
The document discusses women empowerment, defining it as challenging patriarchal ideology and male dominance. It is the process of changing systematic forces that marginalize women. Empowerment involves decision-making power, access to resources, options/choices, assertiveness, positive thinking, skill development, changing others' perceptions, involvement in growth/changes, and positive self-image. It discusses crimes against women, pre-requisites for empowerment, facilitating/constraining factors, advantages, rights of women, and legislative acts supporting empowerment in India like quotas and laws against violence and discrimination. It also outlines government programs and policies aimed at economic, social, political, cultural, and educational empowerment of women.
The document discusses women empowerment, defining it as challenging patriarchal ideology and male dominance. It is the process of changing systematic forces that marginalize women. Empowerment involves decision-making power, access to resources, options/choices, assertiveness, positive thinking, skill development, changing others' perceptions, involvement in growth/changes, and positive self-image. It discusses crimes against women, pre-requisites for empowerment, facilitating/constraining factors, advantages, rights of women, and legislative acts supporting empowerment in India like quotas and laws against violence and discrimination. It also outlines government programs and policies aimed at economic, social, political, cultural, and educational empowerment of women.
Gender-based violence, especially against women, is a significant problem in Kenya. Over 40% of married women report experiencing domestic or sexual violence. Factors like education levels, religion, and socioeconomic status influence the high rates of violence. Domestic violence is underreported, but surveys found 39% of women experienced physical violence and 14% sexual violence. Rape, female genital mutilation, and human trafficking also harm women in Kenya. Addressing violence requires legal reforms, awareness campaigns, support services, and challenging social norms.
This document discusses increasing youth employability by focusing on three main types of employability skills: basic academic skills like reading and writing; higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving and decision making; and personal qualities including self-confidence, social skills, and a good work attitude. It notes that the real challenge for employers is finding workers with these job readiness skills and recommends teaching employability skills through involving parents, providing opportunities to observe workplaces, and designing classrooms to mimic real work settings.
This document proposes solutions to improve primary education in India. It discusses four solutions: 1) A parallel primary education network run by volunteer youth, 2) Promoting the use of technology in schools, 3) Public-private partnerships to enhance schools, and 4) Enriching learning through hands-on methods. Each solution includes steps for implementation and discusses the potential impacts and challenges. The overall goal is to address issues like high dropout rates and low learning levels in Indian primary education.
This document proposes a 3-tier skill development framework to address India's shortage of 1.2 crore jobs per year for the next decade. It involves (1) 6-month skill courses for unemployed graduates run through public-private partnerships, (2) mandatory career counseling and 100-day apprenticeships for secondary students, and (3) extended skill and apprenticeship programs for school dropouts aged 14+. This framework aims to provide industry-relevant skills while reducing costs through private sector involvement. It could help direct workers towards new job markets and improve productivity across the economy. Challenges include gaining political and institutional support, but the document argues these can be addressed through awareness campaigns and leveraging existing IT infrastructure.
The document proposes a new model to address India's high rates of malnutrition among children. It identifies several key factors contributing to malnutrition, including poor nutrition of mothers, lack of information and education, and poverty. The proposed multi-pronged solution focuses on improving anganwadi centers and ICDS programs, promoting biofortified crops, reforming PDS to reduce leakage, and increasing women's empowerment. It aims to provide a more holistic, sustainable, and cost-effective approach to fighting malnutrition across India.
The document discusses the issue of youth unemployment in India and provides recommendations to improve employability. It notes that youth unemployment is one of India's largest challenges and that awareness has increased around this issue. Several statistics on unemployment rates in India are presented. The document advocates for initiatives and policies that develop skills, encourage hands-on learning, and link education to employment opportunities to help boost youth employability and reduce unemployment.
The document discusses India's Public Distribution System (PDS), which aims to provide essential commodities like food grains, sugar, and kerosene to vulnerable groups at subsidized prices. It outlines the objectives and flow of PDS from farmers to fair price shops. Key points covered include the targeted beneficiaries and their entitlements under PDS, the challenges of leakage and exclusion of poor families, and efforts to monitor movement of supplies from depots to shops.
The document proposes solutions to increase transparency in India's Public Distribution System (PDS). It outlines problems like corruption and diversion of goods from PDS outlets. The team's proposed solutions include implementing an ERP system to integrate PDS departments, using mobile updates to track goods delivery, and introducing smart cards with Aadhaar details for citizens to purchase rations. This would allow transparent monitoring of distribution and prevent illegal sale of goods. The team aims to build on these ideas to improve the system and create a more open and reliable PDS for people across India.
Primary education in India faces several challenges, including low enrollment and attendance rates, high dropout rates before 5th grade, and poor quality of education especially in rural areas and for girls. The government has implemented various programs to address these issues, such as the District Primary Education Program, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and Operation Blackboard. New initiatives like the Right to Education Act aim to increase access to private schools for underprivileged children. However, improving teacher training and classroom practices will be needed to truly enhance educational quality and outcomes for Indian children.
Drinking water is essential for life but can become contaminated through various sources, posing health risks. Sanitation through hygienic prevention of contact with waste is important for public health. In India, many lack access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation, which can have serious health repercussions like diarrhea, skin diseases, and various infections. The government has undertaken programs to improve rural sanitation and clean water access, but challenges remain in fully achieving these goals.
The document summarizes a study conducted on brain gain in India. It provides details of the study team and methodology used. Key findings include that brain drain has led to gain in four technological areas - ICT, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Most returnees expressed satisfaction with returning to India and had increased qualifications and responsibilities. Suggestions are made to replicate successful state models, improve policies in education, research and industry, and provide incentives to attract more returnees. In conclusion, the study counters myths about brain drain and suggests further research on the value of migration options and effects on institutional development.
The document discusses strategies to improve access to justice in India. At the grassroots level, it proposes creating legal awareness programs, conducting legal aid camps, and establishing legal aid cells run by trained paralegal volunteers. It also aims to strengthen the education system. At the administrative level, the document seeks to reduce case backlogs, appoint more judges, establish additional courts, and implement e-courts and information technology systems. Ensuring timely justice for all citizens across India requires empowering people at the grassroots level through legal awareness as well as positive changes to the administrative system such as reducing delays in the courts.
This document discusses women's empowerment in India. It defines empowerment as gaining power, authority, and influence through having decision-making ability, access to resources and information, positive thinking, and skills. It notes that empowering women is key to global development goals. While women faced social evils historically like sati and child marriage, independence brought efforts to uplift women through education. Literacy and sex ratios have risen in recent decades. Women now participate in all sectors of society, showing their empowerment has occurred through increased participation and access to resources leading to improved status. The empowerment of women is important for families and productivity.
The document discusses key challenges facing the North Eastern states of India, including insurgency, lack of infrastructure, and poor governance. It argues that developing tourism and border trade could help address high unemployment and low GDP in the region by generating jobs and revenue. Specifically, the region has great potential for eco and adventure tourism due to its natural beauty and cultural heritage. Border trade could revive local industries and provide access to new markets, fulfilling the goals of India's "Look East" policy. However, more work is still needed to improve infrastructure and overcome security challenges and isolationist mindsets that have hindered economic development.
Rural India faces significant challenges in providing safe drinking water and sanitation to its large population. Despite significant investments, many rural Indians still lack access to these basic services. Open defecation and waterborne diseases remain widespread problems, negatively impacting public health, education, and economic productivity. Effective solutions will require a multipronged approach including education, community participation, improved infrastructure, and strategies that address the unique needs of both rural and urban areas.
This document proposes changes to the system in India to empower women and ensure their safety and equality. It identifies issues such as jurisdiction problems, lack of evidence, and fear of lodging complaints that prevent crimes against women from being properly addressed. It recommends establishing a women's crime cell to anonymously register complaints, hiring more women in law enforcement, providing self-defense training, educating rural women on their rights, and implementing stricter laws around crimes targeting women. The proposals aim to improve women's mobility, access to resources, decision-making power, and security overall.
This document describes a project called "Sahas: Ek Prayas" aimed at ensuring women's safety and empowerment. The team is from B.P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology and includes 5 members. The document notes alarming statistics about crimes against women in India such as rapes, dowry deaths, and human trafficking. It states the project's priorities are to educate, empower, and employ women. The proposed solution has two levels: Atma-Suraksha focuses on self-help through distributing self-defense kits and training, while Sarvasva Suraksha aims to improve safety at the community level through vocational training and educational technology.
The document outlines a 5-step plan by a team to improve research and innovation (REIN) in education. The team aims to include REIN as a subject, make projects mandatory, filter the top projects, and hold a REIN festival to showcase projects. The goal is to address issues like poor education quality, lack of funds, and brain drain by promoting research and innovation from the school to national level.
The document discusses malnutrition in India and proposes strategies to address it. It notes that India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. It analyzes the current situation, noting that India lacks a comprehensive national program to eradicate malnutrition. The root causes of malnutrition are intergenerational and interconnected, stemming from poverty, lack of women's empowerment, insufficient access to nutritious food and healthcare. It proposes specific nutrition interventions and monitoring strategies to combat malnutrition through a multi-sectoral approach.
The document discusses a program initiated by students from the College of Engineering, Pune to enhance the quality of primary education. As part of the program, the students visited areas with low education facilities and identified problems like lack of proper infrastructure, dull teaching methods, and economic barriers. Their objectives are to provide quality education, overall student development, and create awareness about education quality. Some of their proposed solutions include improving teacher training, making learning more interactive, focusing on students' health and extracurricular activities, and using community outreach and media to promote awareness.
This document provides details about the public distribution system (PDS) in India, including:
1) An overview of the key components of PDS such as fair price shops, distribution of items like food grains, kerosene, and other essential commodities.
2) Details about the procurement and allocation processes with organizations like FCI responsible for food grains and other groups handling other items.
3) Background on why PDS was established in India due to factors like drought, famine, war, inflation, market imperfections, and poverty.
The document contains several tables and charts providing statistical data about PDS operations in India and the state of Chhattisgarh.
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1. A WALK TO EQUALITY : ENSURING SAFETY AND
EMPOWERMENT TO WOMEN
2. Women in India has always been a topic of concern since ancient times. Though one hand women is regarded aand
praised as Goddesses like kali, Dura ,Parvati, but on the other hand society also abuses women in the form of child
marriage, female infanticide,sati,sexual harassement,domestic violence and the list is actually endless.
Every 26 minute a women is molested in india,every 36 min a rape case is reported in india,every 1 hr 36 min to be
precise a women is burned for dowry by her in laws.All these above mentioned statistics have been issued by the
government, these are as per the reported no of cases but the reality is more dreadful
I know people who take pride over the selection of pratiba patil as the first women president of india or xactly in the
name of mayawati,kiran majumdar in order to prove that indian women have attained empowerment.
In our country empowerment is still not granted to women but our question is why???In our country empowerment is still not granted to women but our question is why???
Why most of the reputed is and is like Karan bedim were denied promotion to some of the top post which they truly
deserved???
In a patriarchal society ,which happen to be Indian society where women are considered as weaker sections of the
society. How can anyone claim that women have freedom
How can one say that by providing reservation hey are empowering???
Is reservation a compensation for all the hardship that a women has to go through?????
3. Strengthen opportunities for post-primary education for girls while simultaneously meeting commitments to universal primary education.
Guarantee sexual and reproductive health and rights.
nvest in infrastructure to reduce women’s and girls’ time burdens.
Guarantee women’s and girls’ property and inheritance rights.
Eliminate gender inequality in employment by decreasing women’s reliance on informal employment, closing gender gaps in earnings, and
reducing occupational segregation.
Increase women’s share of seats in national parliaments and local governmental bodies.
Combat violence against girls and women.
nvesting in the health, education, safety, and economic well-being of adolescents, especially adolescent girls, must also be a priority
Strong measures to ensure security and dignity of women in conflict areas would go a long way.
Law enforcement agencies must not become tools in the hands of political masters
Stringent laws should be implemented to punish the culprits
No mercy to the culprit whether he is minor or an adult because its the intensity of crime that matters not the age
Appoint Special Commissioners with adequate powers to redress complaints of sexual violence against women
Special women cell including loyal and dedicated female officers should be appointed to understand the plight of the victim
mparting martial arts skills to girls and women
Developing female economic power
merits of the proposed solution
emale economic power will enhance the "wealth and well-being of nation"
Women who control their own income tend to have fewer children, and fertility rates have shown to be inversely related to national income
growth.
Educated women is more confident, stouthearted and independent
Female officer can better understand the victims and will help in efficiently executing the measures
Basic amenities provided by government would definitely help improve women health
Literacy is a major step towards empowering women ,as said “ an educated women can educate the entire community”
4. trengthening post-primary education opportunities for girls and that this can be achieved without wavering from the
lobal commitments to universal primary education.
A number of interventions that have proven effective for increasing girls’ participation in primary school may also
pply to post-primary education. These include making schooling more affordable by reducing costs and offering
argeted scholarships, building secondary schools close to girls’ homes, and making schools girl-friendly. Additionally,
he content, quality, and relevance of education must be improved through curriculum reform, teacher training, and
ther actions. Education must serve as the vehicle for transforming attitudes, beliefs, and entrenched social norms
hat perpetuate discrimination and inequality. All interventions taken to promote gender equality in education must,
herefore, be transformational in nature.
nterventions to improve sexual and reproductive health and rights must therefore be a priority and should occur both
within and outside the health system. At a minimum, national public health systems must provide quality family
lanning services, emergency obstetric care, safe abortion (where legal), post-abortion care, prevention and treatmentlanning services, emergency obstetric care, safe abortion (where legal), post-abortion care, prevention and treatment
f sexually transmitted infections (including HIV), and interventions to reduce malnutrition and anaemia. Outside
he health system sexuality education programs are needed to lay the foundation for improved sexual and reproductive
ealth outcomes. Ultimately, these interventions must be supported by an enabling policy and political environment
hat guarantees women’s and girls’ sexual and reproductive rights.
Women’s and girls’ ability to participate in educational, productive, and civic activities and thus to empower
hemselves economically and politically is often limited by a household division of labour that assigns to women and
irls the bulk of the responsibility for everyday household maintenance tasks. For poor women and girls this
esponsibility is made more onerous by the underinvestment in public infrastructure that characterizes most low-
ncome countries. Three types of infrastructure are particularly critical to reduce women’s time burden: transport,
water and sanitation, and energy.
ncreasing women’s participation in the design and implementation of infrastructure projects can help to overcome
bstacles to access and affordability. This is best illustrated in the sanitation and water sector, where women play key
5. Ownership and control over assets such as land and housing provide economic security, incentives for
aking economic risks that lead to growth, and important economic returns, including income. Yet,
women in many countries around the globe are far less likely than men to own or control these
mportant assets. Ensuring female property and inheritance rights would help empower women both
conomically and socially and rectify a fundamental injustice. Rectifying this injustice will also have
other positive outcomes because women’s lack of property has been increasingly linked to
development-related problems, including poverty, HIV/AIDS, and violence.
Secure tenure to land and home improves women’s welfare. Land and home ownership confer such
direct benefits as use of crops and rights to the proceeds thereof and having a secure place to
ive. Indirect advantages include the ability to use land or houses as collateral for credit or as
mortgage able assets during a crisis.
Women’s work, both paid and unpaid, is critical to the survival and security of poor households and
n important route through which households escape poverty. Moreover, paid employment is critical
o women’s empowerment. In settings where women’s mobility is restricted, increased employment
opportunities can improve women’s mobility and enable women to seek and access reproductiveopportunities can improve women’s mobility and enable women to seek and access reproductive
health care. It can also expose them to new ideas and knowledge and broaden the community with
which they engage.
Gender quotas and reservations are an effective policy tool to increase women’s representation in
political bodies.
Although no single intervention will eliminate violence against women, a combination of
nfrastructure, legal, judicial, enforcement, education, health, and other service-related actions can
ignificantly reduce such violence and ameliorate its negative consequences.
6. omprehensive sexuality education within schools and community programs.
are services (for children, the elderly, the sick, and people with disabilities) to allow women to work.
raining to female candidates in elections at the local, regional, and national level.
iolence against women through awareness campaigns and education, hotlines, and neighbourhood support groups.
trengthening national women’s machineries through increased budgetary allocations and staffing of ministries of
women’s affairs and gender focal points in other ministries.
Undertaking institutional reform through sensitization programs to train judges, bureaucrats, land registration
fficers, and police officers.
nvesting in data collection and monitoring activities to track gender outcomes.
7. Making it Happen
his report describes practical actions that can be taken within each strategic priority to bring about gender equality and empower women. Within and
cross sectors, within institutions, and in different country and community contexts, different combinations of these actions have been implemented and
hown positive results. The problem is not a lack of practical ways to address gender inequality but rather a lack of change on a large and deep enough scale
o bring about a transformation in the way societies conceive of and organize men’s and women’s roles, responsibilities, and control over
esources. Essential for that kind of transformation are:
olitical commitment by and mobilization of a large group of change agents at different levels within countries and in international institutions who seek to
mplement the vision of the world.
echnical capacity to implement change.
nstitutional structures and processes to support the transformation, including structures that enable women to successfully claim their rights.
dequate financial resources.
ccountability and monitoring systems.
Commitment and mobilization of change agents
he first ingredient of transformation requires a critical mass of change agents committed to the vision of a gender equitable society. These change agents
nclude leaders at all levels of government who control critical levers for change — financial and technical resources — and set the priorities for actions
ffecting the lives of many. To be effective, government leaders must work in partnership with civil society institutions, especially organizations that
epresent women’s interests. Simultaneously, there must be a critical mass of change agents at the international level in the institutions that provide support
o national governments and civil society organizations in implementing changes necessary for a gender-equitable society.
Technical capacity
Achieving gender equality and bringing about women’s empowerment also requires technical expertise and knowledge of how
o mainstream gender into development policies and programs. At the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women the worldo mainstream gender into development policies and programs. At the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women the world
ommunity endorsed gender mainstreaming as a key institutional response for promoting gender equality and empowering
women. Gender mainstreaming is not an end in itself but a means to the goal of gender equality. It is both a technical and a
olitical process, requiring shifts in organizational culture and ways of thinking, as well as in the structures of organizations and
n their resource allocations. As a technical tool, mainstreaming can be effective only if supported by a strong political or legal
mandate.
Gender mainstreaming is often compromised by a lack of conceptual clarity about the meaning of gender and by the
ssumption that certain policy areas, such as infrastructure development or macroeconomic measures, are in principle gender
eutral. Such conceptual confusion can be clarified through gender analysis and gender training. Gender analysis involves
athering and examining information on what women and men do and how they relate to each other. Gender training builds
apacity to use the information from gender analysis in policy and program development and implementation.
An unfortunate consequence of training a broad range of professionals is the elimination or downgrading of specialized gender
nits and professionals. Because mainstreaming requires a shift of responsibility for promoting gender equality to all personnel,
specially managers, gender specialists are perceived as being no longer needed. In fact, the reverse is true: gender
mainstreaming can increase the need for specialist support.
8. he indicators proposed for tracking are insufficient to track all seven strategic priorities and suffer from several technical
hortcomings. .
he ratio of female to male gross enrolment rates in primary, secondary, and tertiary education.
he ratio of female to male completion rates in primary, secondary, and tertiary education.
exual and reproductive health and rights
roportion of contraceptive demand satisfied.
Adolescent fertility rate.
Hours per day (or year) women and men spend fetching water and collecting fuel.
roperty rights
Land ownership by male, female, or jointly held.
Housing title, disaggregated by male, female, or jointly
hare of women in employment, both wage and self-employment, by type.
Gender gaps in earnings in wage and self-employment.
articipation in national parliaments and local government bodies
ercentage of seats held by women in national parliament.
Percentage of seats held by women in local government bodies.
Violence against women
revalence of domestic violence.
roviding comprehensive sexuality education within schools and community programs.
Providing care services (for children, the elderly, the sick, and people with disabilities) to allow women to work.
Providing training to female candidates in elections at the local, regional, and national level.
Preventing violence against women through awareness campaigns and education, hotlines, and neighbourhood support groups.
trengthening national women’s machineries through increased budgetary allocations and staffing of ministries of women’s
ffairs and gender focal points in other ministries.
9. help to bring fundamental transformation in the distribution of power, opportunity, and outcomes for both women
. The next 10 years provide a new window of opportunity to take action on a global scale to achieve gender equality
ower women, which are critical for meeting all the Millennium Development Goals. Governments and international
tions can provide an enabling environment to make this possible. Women’s organizations need the space and
s to bring about the societal transformations that remove the constraints, fulfil the potential, and guarantee the rights
n in all countries. The recommendations made in this report can pave the way toward that future.