2. INTRODUCTION:
In our country agriculture is the largest sector of economic activity providing not
only food and raw materials but also employment to a very large section of the population.
•Agriculture sector in India during 2012-
13 contributes 16% of GDP & 10% of
export earnings.
FACTORS EFFECTING
AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTIVITY:
1.Institutional factors:
The average size of holdings in
India is very low. About 80 percent
of the land holdings are less than 2
acres.
2.Technologies factors:
• Poor Technique of Production
• Inadequate Irrigational Facilities.
3.General factors:
• Inadequate non-firm Services
• Natural Calamities
Milliontones
3. Solution for institutional factors:
Mandal Level
Agriculture
Officer
• They should have all the information regarding the farmers and
labours working in agriculture sector as per collected statistics.
• They should govern village level officers regarding their duties.
Village Level
Officer
• He should appoint the local private representatives to prepare a
report regarding cultivated and non cultivated land present in
village premises.
• And also allocating land to local farmers on equally basis.
Government
Bill
• Government should pass a bill consisting of terms and conditions
regarding land that can be taken over by it.
• Government should provide subsidies and encourage farmers .
Nearly 5 % of the land falls in the category of uncultivated land which is cultivated
once every 2 to 3 years.
Thus, near about 51% of the whole area, on an average, is cultivated once a year.
The uncultivated lands are subsidiary lands and are kept so to reestablish their
richness. Its use depends upon high-quality and timely rains also.
4. Village
Agricultural
officer
Report regarding
uncultivated land
present in village
premises
Allocation of
uncultivated land to
local farmers
Maintaining the
proper relational ships
between owner and
farmers
1. Here, government should prepare a report regarding uncultivated land present
in a village and allocate them to local farmers to cultivate.
2. Government should provide subsidies and encourage farmers.
3. Government should also take care of maintaining proper relationships in
between the owner and farmer by appointing local representative.
5. Conventional way
Single feeder
Agriculture
+
domestic
Impact :
•All power drawn for
agriculture
•Crippling shortage in
domestic sector
Jyotigrama yojna
Separate feeders
Agriculture
3 phase:
8 hours
Domestic
One phase:
24 hours
Impact :
•Farmers get continuous
good electricity on pre
announced schedules
•Domestic sector gets 24
hours uninterrupted power
supply.
Improvement of irrigational facilities:
Jyotigrama yojna technique:
Jyotigram Yojana is an initiative of Government of Gujarat to ensure availability of 24
hours three phase quality power supply to rural areas of the state and to supply power to
farmers residing in scattered farm houses through feeders having specially design
transformers.
6. Drip irrigation:
• Drip irrigation is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by
allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly
onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done
through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant.
Drip irrigation
Saves water Effective use
of fertilizers
Government role :
To provide awareness and knowledge of drip irrigation to farmers.
To provide financial support and subsidies for implementation of drip irrigation.
7. Technology application :
To achieve expected level of
productivity, farmer must be guided by
experts in respect of soil & water
analysis for adopting the best
diversified cropping system
,meticulous adoption of technology,
judicious use of seeds , fertilizers
,pesticides , water , labour & credit.
Government should bring awareness of
new technology among the farmers
Govt. should have essential machines
required for crop yield in rural areas and
provide them to local poor farmers at low
cost.
National agriculture policy lays
emphasis on the rapid development of
agriculture in India.
Government role is to invest more for
innovation of new technology .
Government tasks:
8. Better quality seeds :
•The seed should have the characteristic like better grain quality, resistance to pests &
diseases & suitability to the agro-climatic conditions & quality of high rate of germination &
high yielding.
Example: biotech cotton( BT cotton) it
is a new type of cotton seed which
needs less fertilizers and pesticides and
also inbuilt resistance towards some
pests
Research And Development:
•Increase the application of nuclear technology, to all those factors effecting the
agriculture productivity such as effective irrigation , pest control etc.
Two important challenges:
Sustainable agriculture Increase in productivity
9. Market liberalization :
In our country markets mostly benefit traders rather than farmers that may be
because of the long distances between rural areas and markets and also due to poor
marketing skills of farmers.
Market
liberalization
Local traders across the villages
Establishment of markets in rural areas
After implementation of this
method , you can see from the
graph (steepness should be
low for effective market)
there is very less price change
on moving product from port
to urban areas.
Govt. should invest more in
Road transport and
Infrastructure of
communication.
Famers would get good price to there crop by the
application of this process.
10. Appendix:
References:
Agriculture in India, article by wikipedia.
Agriculture share in GDP of India ,article by Business Standard news paper.
Report on uncultivated land by Planning Commission of India.
Presentation on jyotigram yojana by Government Of Gujarat.
Article by International Atomic Energy Agency.
FOR A BETTER INDIA
