Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but it is more common in infants and young children. The exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. People with atopic dermatitis have a defective skin barrier, which allows moisture to escape and irritants to penetrate the skin. This leads to inflammation, itching, and a cycle of scratching and more inflammation. There is no cure for atopic dermatitis, but treatment can help manage the symptoms. Treatment options may include moisturizing the skin, avoiding triggers that can aggravate the condition, using topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and taking oral antihistamines to relieve itching. In severe cases, immunosuppressant medications may be prescribed. It is also important to maintain good skin hygiene and to avoid using harsh soaps or products that can irritate the skin. Topical corticosteroids are medications that are applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation and itching. They are used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis. These medications come in different strengths, and the strength of the topical corticosteroid used will depend on the severity of the skin condition being treated. They can be applied as creams, lotions, ointments, gels, foams, or solutions. Topical corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation in the skin, which can help to relieve symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling. They are generally safe when used as directed, but they can have side effects, especially when used for long periods or in high doses. Some possible side effects include thinning of the skin, stretch marks, acne, and increased risk of skin infections. It is important to follow the instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist when using topical corticosteroids, and to use them only as directed. If you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects, be sure to contact your healthcare provider.

1. Atopic Dermatitis
 Type of eczema
 Chronic ( Long lasting) , itchy inflammatory skin condition
 Affects the face (cheeks), neck, arms, and legs
 Not contagious

2. Symptoms
Extreme itching (pruritus)
Red, dry patches of skin
Thickening and hardening of the
skin

3. Causes of
Atopic
Dermatitis
Not known
Moisturizer loss from protective
layer (Excessive Dry Skin)
• Changes (mutations) in genes.
• Problems with the immune system.
• Environment factors ( Pollution, smoke,
fragrance Etc)

4. Management of
atopic
dermatitis
First Line Treatment - Topical corticosteroids.
Second-Line Treatment - Topical calcineurin
inhibitors (Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus)
Maintenance therapy - Moisturizers
Targeted biologic therapies
Other treatments – UV Therapy

5. Corticosteroids
Potency Grading
Class I – mild -
hydrocortisone 0.5 - 1.0%
hydrocortisone acetate 0.5 - 1.0%
Class II – Moderate
aclomethasone dipropionate 0.05%
betamethasone valerate 0.02%
betamethasone valerate 0.05%
triamcinolone acetonide 0.02%
triamcinolone acetonide 0.05%
Class III - potent
betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%
betamethasone valerate 0.10%
methylprednisolone aceponate 0.10%
mometasone furoate 0.10%
Class IV - very potent
betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% in an optimised vehicle
halcinonide 0.10%