Atherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries caused by plaque buildup in the artery walls. Plaque forms when LDL cholesterol damages the artery endothelium, causing immune cells to accumulate and release toxins. This plaque buildup narrows the arteries over time and can block blood flow. If a blockage occurs in the coronary arteries supplying the heart, it can lead to a heart attack. Diagnosis involves tests like ultrasound and angiography. Prevention through exercise and not smoking is important, while treatment may involve statin drugs or angioplasty procedures.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is the leading cause of heart attacks and strokes. The plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, limiting blood flow. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. The disease process involves injury to the artery lining, invasion by immune cells, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and accumulation of cholesterol and other fats that form plaque lesions within the artery wall. Complications arise when plaque ruptures, forms clots, or restricts blood flow, potentially leading to heart attack, stroke or other
atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
All the risk factors of atherosclerosis are given in this presentation.
Content source - 1st year MBBS books
Atherosclerosis
This document discusses atherosclerosis and plaque buildup in arteries. It begins with definitions of atherosclerosis and plaque, describing how plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium that build up in the arteries over time and restrict blood flow. The document then covers the pathophysiology and risk factors for atherosclerosis development, as well as signs, diagnosis, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of prevention through diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and weight control to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and associated heart conditions.
Atherosclerosis
The document discusses atherosclerosis and methods to prevent and test for it. It defines atherosclerosis as a buildup of fats and cholesterol in artery walls, forming plaques. The endothelium and its function are described, including markers used to assess endothelial activation and function. Tests for atherosclerosis are outlined, including blood tests, CT scans, EKGs, and echocardiograms. Methods to prevent atherosclerosis through antioxidants and dietary changes are provided. Several studies analyzing atherosclerosis in rabbits are summarized, testing reductions in lesions, inflammation markers, and endothelial markers through treatments.
Atherosclerosis3
This document discusses the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It begins with a brief history of atherosclerosis and then discusses the structure of the normal artery and endothelial cells. It describes the response to injury hypothesis for the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. It discusses complications of atherosclerosis including plaque rupture and thrombosis. It concludes by discussing risk factors for atherosclerosis such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome.
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Acute myocardial infarction is caused by coronary artery disease and plaque rupture, leading to thrombosis and reduced blood supply to the heart. It is a major cause of death. The heart muscle goes through stages of coagulative necrosis, inflammation, and is eventually replaced by scar tissue. Diagnosis involves clinical features, elevated cardiac enzymes and ECG changes. Complications can include arrhythmias, heart failure, and cardiac rupture.
Atherosclerosis
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atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
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Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
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This document discusses atherosclerosis and plaque buildup in arteries. It begins with definitions of atherosclerosis and plaque, describing how plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium that build up in the arteries over time and restrict blood flow. The document then covers the pathophysiology and risk factors for atherosclerosis development, as well as signs, diagnosis, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of prevention through diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and weight control to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and associated heart conditions.
Atherosclerosis
The document discusses atherosclerosis and methods to prevent and test for it. It defines atherosclerosis as a buildup of fats and cholesterol in artery walls, forming plaques. The endothelium and its function are described, including markers used to assess endothelial activation and function. Tests for atherosclerosis are outlined, including blood tests, CT scans, EKGs, and echocardiograms. Methods to prevent atherosclerosis through antioxidants and dietary changes are provided. Several studies analyzing atherosclerosis in rabbits are summarized, testing reductions in lesions, inflammation markers, and endothelial markers through treatments.
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Artherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is triggered by injury to endothelial cells caused by physical trauma, hypertension, turbulent blood flow, free radicals from smoking or pollution, hyperlipidemia, homocysteinemia, or hyperglycemia from diabetes. This injury causes an inflammatory response and increased permeability, allowing monocytes and LDL to enter the arterial wall. Monocytes become lipid-laden foam cells, which accumulate and recruit smooth muscle cells to form fatty streaks. Over time, fatty streaks progress to atheromas containing lipid and smooth muscle, which can rupture and cause thrombosis leading to heart attacks or strokes.
Atherosclerosis
This document discusses atherosclerosis, a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It defines lipoproteins, which transport fats in the blood, and classifies different types based on density. The document then explains that atherosclerosis is caused by macrophages and fat accumulating in artery walls as plaques. These plaques can rupture, causing blood clots that block blood flow and lead to heart attacks or strokes. The progression of atherosclerosis involves endothelial dysfunction allowing LDL cholesterol to enter the artery wall and oxidative damage, followed by inflammation and plaque formation that narrows arteries over time.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where the artery walls thicken due to a build-up of fatty materials like cholesterol. It starts when damage occurs to the inner layer of the artery from issues like high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol. This damage allows plaque to form and build up in the artery wall over time from substances like macrophages, cholesterol crystals, and calcium deposits. Left untreated, it can block blood flow and potentially cause heart attacks or strokes since many people do not notice symptoms until a serious event occurs. Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle habits, and it can be treated through medication, procedures like stenting and bypass surgery, and lifestyle changes.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the most common and rapidly growing disorder in this new world because of the modern age lifestyle people are adopting. But it can easily be prevented if not easily cured.The right knowledge can always help prevent atherosclerosis and save our lives from its deadly outcomes.
As it is always RIGHTLY said "Prevention is better than cure"
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis Definition and major and minor risk factors which will cause , and Treatment methods both surgical and pharmaceutical along with the medicine's pharmaco kinetic and dynamic properties with clinical uses , unwanted effects with simple and useful diagrams to understand better and easily.angioplasty ,bypass surgery and Stent are the surgical methods additionally explained in this presentation which are the surgical treatment methods for Atherosclerosis. classification of atherosclerosis is also explained.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a preventable and treatable condition where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is caused by damage to artery walls from factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, or diseases like diabetes. Plaque forms as an inflammatory response where modified lipoproteins and immune cells like macrophages accumulate in the artery wall. Over time, plaques can restrict blood flow or burst, causing blood clots. The response-to-injury hypothesis describes this process as chronic endothelial injury leading to lipoprotein accumulation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix in the artery wall. Atherosclerosis is diagnosed through medical tests and can be prevented through a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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The document discusses atherosclerosis and its risk factors and various hypotheses about its pathogenesis. It describes the roles of oxidized LDL, macrophages, and endothelial cells in driving atherosclerosis. It outlines the progression from fatty streaks to more advanced atheromatous plaques and complicated lesions. Fatty streaks are the earliest subclinical lesions while atherosclerosis refers to lesions that are clinically significant. Complications can arise from processes like calcification, ulceration, rupture, hemorrhage, and thrombosis.
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Arteriosclerosis refers to the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. It is caused by three patterns of vascular disease: atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and hyaline arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis specifically involves the formation of atheromatous plaques within the intimal layer of arteries due to risk factors such as aging, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and smoking. This results in endothelial injury and accumulation of macrophages and lipids within the intima, forming foam cells and fibrofatty plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by lipid deposits in the arteries. Over time, these deposits, composed of cells and fibrous tissue, can grow and narrow the arteries. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are age, male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The buildup of deposits in arteries can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like heart attack or stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise, along with cholesterol-lowering medications as needed.
atherosclerosis
The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
Atherosclerosis.......
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Atherosclerosis Slideshare Pathology Ppt Notes
This document summarizes atherosclerosis and its pathogenesis. It defines key terms like arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and atherogenesis. It describes the major locations where atherosclerosis occurs and risk factors like dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, age, and family history. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. The pathogenesis involves two main hypotheses: 1) the reaction-to-injury hypothesis where endothelial injury leads to intimal proliferation and foam cell formation, and 2) the monoclonal hypothesis where smooth muscle cell proliferation is the primary event. Overall it provides an overview of atherosclerosis, its terminology, risk factors, symptoms, and pathogenic mechanisms.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup within the arterial wall. It is caused by an inflammatory response to injury and risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. The pathogenesis involves monocytes migrating into the damaged artery and oxidized LDL cholesterol building up in macrophages to form foam cells, which accumulate to create fatty streaks and fibrous plaques that can restrict blood flow. Diagnosis relies on physical exams, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on modifying risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Current research is exploring new biomarkers for detection and treatments to improve vascular function and reduce cardiovascular events.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - Definition - Risk Factors - Lesser and Non Quantitated risk factors - Arterial wall - The development of Atherosclerosis - Many Features of the injury Hypothesis - The process of Atherogenesis - Pathogenesis in short - Morphology of Atheroma - Components of Atheromatous Plaque (MP) - Complications and clinical significance - Cardiovascular risk and its assessment.
The vascular biology of atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis begins with the accumulation of oxidized LDL particles in the arterial intima. This triggers an inflammatory response characterized by the recruitment and retention of monocytes and T cells. Monocytes take up oxidized LDL and become lipid-laden foam cells. Smooth muscle cells also migrate from the media and proliferate in the intima, secreting extracellular matrix. Over time, a complex atherosclerotic plaque develops containing foam cells, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, microvessels, and areas of hemorrhage and thrombosis. The plaque can rupture, leading to clinical events such as heart attack or stroke.
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This document provides an overview of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It discusses the epidemiology, including that it is a leading cause of death worldwide. It describes the structure of the arterial wall and defines atherosclerosis. It discusses the hypothesis of atherogenesis including the lipid, response to injury, and monoclonal hypotheses. It covers risk factors, classification, common sites, clinical syndromes, complications, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
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Atherosclerosis is triggered by injury to endothelial cells caused by physical trauma, hypertension, turbulent blood flow, free radicals from smoking or pollution, hyperlipidemia, homocysteinemia, or hyperglycemia from diabetes. This injury causes an inflammatory response and increased permeability, allowing monocytes and LDL to enter the arterial wall. Monocytes become lipid-laden foam cells, which accumulate and recruit smooth muscle cells to form fatty streaks. Over time, fatty streaks progress to atheromas containing lipid and smooth muscle, which can rupture and cause thrombosis leading to heart attacks or strokes.
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This document discusses atherosclerosis, a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It defines lipoproteins, which transport fats in the blood, and classifies different types based on density. The document then explains that atherosclerosis is caused by macrophages and fat accumulating in artery walls as plaques. These plaques can rupture, causing blood clots that block blood flow and lead to heart attacks or strokes. The progression of atherosclerosis involves endothelial dysfunction allowing LDL cholesterol to enter the artery wall and oxidative damage, followed by inflammation and plaque formation that narrows arteries over time.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where the artery walls thicken due to a build-up of fatty materials like cholesterol. It starts when damage occurs to the inner layer of the artery from issues like high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol. This damage allows plaque to form and build up in the artery wall over time from substances like macrophages, cholesterol crystals, and calcium deposits. Left untreated, it can block blood flow and potentially cause heart attacks or strokes since many people do not notice symptoms until a serious event occurs. Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle habits, and it can be treated through medication, procedures like stenting and bypass surgery, and lifestyle changes.
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Atherosclerosis is the most common and rapidly growing disorder in this new world because of the modern age lifestyle people are adopting. But it can easily be prevented if not easily cured.The right knowledge can always help prevent atherosclerosis and save our lives from its deadly outcomes.
As it is always RIGHTLY said "Prevention is better than cure"
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis Definition and major and minor risk factors which will cause , and Treatment methods both surgical and pharmaceutical along with the medicine's pharmaco kinetic and dynamic properties with clinical uses , unwanted effects with simple and useful diagrams to understand better and easily.angioplasty ,bypass surgery and Stent are the surgical methods additionally explained in this presentation which are the surgical treatment methods for Atherosclerosis. classification of atherosclerosis is also explained.
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Atherosclerosis is a preventable and treatable condition where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is caused by damage to artery walls from factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, or diseases like diabetes. Plaque forms as an inflammatory response where modified lipoproteins and immune cells like macrophages accumulate in the artery wall. Over time, plaques can restrict blood flow or burst, causing blood clots. The response-to-injury hypothesis describes this process as chronic endothelial injury leading to lipoprotein accumulation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix in the artery wall. Atherosclerosis is diagnosed through medical tests and can be prevented through a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup within the arterial wall. It is caused by an inflammatory response to injury and risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. The pathogenesis involves monocytes migrating into the damaged artery and oxidized LDL cholesterol building up in macrophages to form foam cells, which accumulate to create fatty streaks and fibrous plaques that can restrict blood flow. Diagnosis relies on physical exams, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on modifying risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Current research is exploring new biomarkers for detection and treatments to improve vascular function and reduce cardiovascular events.
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Atherosclerosis
- 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS ATHERO= BloodVessel; SCLEROSIS= Hardening (wordscomefromGreek) Thishardening isformedfromplaqueformedin theEndotheliumoftheBloodvesselwhich narrowsthebloodvessel Plaqueformedduetoadifferenttypesof reasons!
- 3. COMPARISON BETWEEN NORMAL AND DISEASED VESSEL
- 4. MECHANISM OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS • TheEndotheliumofaBloodvesselis damagedatfirstbyavarioussubstances likechemicalsfromtobaccoetc. Butthe mainaffectingfactorisLDL • LowDensityLipoproteindamagesthe endothelium • LDLcycleexplainsthereasonwhywehave thedepositioninthe bloodvessels.
- 6. • LDLenterstheendotheliallayerwhich triggersthemonocytestocomeandstart tophagocytosize • DuetothelargeamountofLDLpresent there, themonocytesphagocytosize too muchthatmakesthemunabletomove. • ThesemonocytesreleaseCytotoxins, which callsothermonocytestocomeand phagocytosize moreLDL.
- 7. • AndthesedeadmonocytesalongwithLDL’sis calledastheFATSTREAK • Increaseinthenumberofcellsinthe endotheliumproducesalesion, whichattracts theplateletstocomeandformaclotonthe lesionwhichreleasesthePlatelet-Derived GrowthFactor(PDGF). • ThisPDGFencouragesthegrowthofsmooth muscleintheendotheliallayer(whichare supposedtobelimitedtothemiddlelayer).
- 8. • ThesmoothmusclesIntheendotheliallayer, producescollagen, proteoglycansandelastic fibrouscells_-allthesetogethercalledasthe FIBROUSCAP. • Calcium isdepositedintheendotheliumby smoothmusclewhichisremovedbytheHDL (byreversecholesteroltransportandanti oxidantproperties) • ThisFATTYSTREAKalongwiththeFIBROUS CAPtogetheriscalledasthePLAQUE
- 10. CONSEQUENCES OF PLAQUE BUILD-UP • Bloodvesselsreducesthediameterofthe bloodvesselseventuallydeceasingtheblood flow. • Andifthebloodsupplyisdisrupted, thecells starttonecrotise. • Themostcommonlethalconsequenceofthis narrowingoftheCORONARYARTERY. • Andothermajoreffectsincludethereduced supplytokidneywhichcanaffectBlood Pressure
- 12. DIAGNOSIS • DopplerUltrasound • Angiography • PREVENTINGthediseasebyregular exerciseandnotsmokingarethebest waystostayhealthy. AndtheTREATMENTforthisisdoneby: • Statins • Angioplasty