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1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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“MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM”
IN ENGLISH
ASTHMA IN
CHILDREN

2. ASTHMA
Asthma is a disease of lungs in
which there is obstruction of
airway. This obstruction may be
due to spasm of bronchial muscles
, edema of mucosa or increased
secretions in the bronchial tree.

3. CAUSES OF ASTHMA
Airway infections. This includes colds, pneumonia,
and sinus infections.
Allergens. The child might be allergic to things like
cockroaches, dust mites, mold, pet dander, and pollen.
Irritants. Things like air pollution, chemicals, cold air,
odors, or smoke can affect child’s airways.
Exercise. It can lead to wheezing, coughing, and a tight
chest.
Psychological Stress. It can make your child short of
breath and worsen their symptoms.

4. Sign and symptoms of
ASTHMA
Not all children have the same asthma symptoms. A child may even
have different symptoms from one episode to the next. Signs and
symptoms of asthma in children include:
A cough that doesn’t go away (which may be the only
symptom)
Coughing spells that happen often, especially during play
or exercise, at night, in cold air, or while laughing or crying
A cough that gets worse after a viral infection.

5. Sign and symptoms of
ASTHMA
 Less energy during play, and stopping to catch his
breath during activities
Avoiding sports or social activities
Trouble sleeping because of coughing or breathing
problems
Rapid breathing
Chest tightness or pain

6. Sign and symptoms of
ASTHMA
Wheezing, a whistling sound when breathing in or
out.
Seesaw motions in their chest (retractions)
Shortness of breath
Tight neck and chest muscles
Feeling weak or tired
Trouble eating, or grunting while eating (in infants)

7. Diagnostic Investigations-
Physical examination-auscultaion of chest.
Complete blood count.
Nasal swab culture.
Pulmonary function test.
ABG Analysis.
Chest X-ray.

8. Treatment-
Avoiding triggers, using medications, and keeping an
eye on daily symptoms are the best ways to control
asthma in children of all ages.
The suspected stimulus should be removed, such as
allergen, irritants, exercise or emotional stress.
Desensitization may help to buildup resistance to
allergens

9. Treatment-
There are two main types of asthma medications:
Quick-relief medications- help with sudden
symptoms. The child will take them for fast help during
an asthma attack.
Long-acting medications- prevent airway
inflammation and keep asthma under control. The child
will probably take them every day.

10. Treatment-
Based on the child's history, their doctor will come up
with an asthma action plan and give you a copy of it.
This plan describes when and how they should use
asthma drugs, what to do when asthma gets worse, and
when to seek emergency care.
Child may be given antibiotics if the of asthma is
bacterial infection.

11. Nursing Management -
-Observation of respiratory status is very important
nursing care in asthma.
-Breathing pattern should be noted for retractions,
nasal flaring use of accessory muscles etc.
- The level of anxiety children and parents must be
noted and informed to pediatrician.

12. Nursing Management -
- All the medications and Nebulization should be
given on time.
- The baby is observed for cyanosis if it occur head
end of the bed should be raised and inform to
pediatrician.
- Oxygen inhalation may be prescribed and should be
administered as per recommendation .

13. Nursing Management -
- Provide psychological support to parents to reduce
anxiety.
- Signs and symptoms of dehydration should be noted
and iv fluids may be given to correct it .
- Personal hygiene should be maintained with clean
technique.

14. Nursing Management -
 Regular diet should be given so that nutritional status is
maintained.
 Breathing exercises and habits should be explained and
encouraged to follow asthma action plan.
Other Nursing interventions – includes all nursing care of
hospitalized child that we have discussed in previous lecture
under heading Nursing care of hospitalized child in the lecture
“Child Health Nursing”.

15. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
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