Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by swelling and narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties and variable airflow limitation. It can be triggered by allergens, respiratory infections, and environmental factors, with symptoms that manifest in episodes and may worsen at night or with exercise. Management involves avoiding triggers, regular medical follow-ups, and medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids.

2. Asthma is chronic inflammatory disease that
causes the airways of the lungs to swell & narrow.
Many cells &cellular elements play a role.
Widespread , variable & often reversible airflow
limitation.

3. Asthma involves
difficulty in breathing
due to
-inflammation
-tightening of muscles
around the airways
-mucus in the airways

4. Allergens (pollens , mites &
molds, animal dander)
Respiratory infection
Air pollution
Smoke(Tobacco, sulfur dioxide)
Food( egg, wheat , nuts)
Occupational sensitizers
Weather changes
Exercise & hyperventilation
Medication(aspirin,anti-inflammatory
drugs)
Genetic
-atopy
-airway
Gender
Obesity

5. Caugh
Shortness of breath
Wheezing-
Comes in episodes with symptom free
May be worse at night or in early morning
May go away on its own
Gets better when using drugs that open the
airways(broncodilators)
Gets worse with exercise
Gets worse with heartburn
Usually begins suddenly

6. Bluish color to the lips & face
Decreased level alterness such as drowsiness & confusion
Extreme difficulty breathing
Rapid pulse
Sweating
Sneezy & runny nose
Itchy & inflamed eyes
Abnormal breathing pattern
Breathing temporarily stops
Tightness in the chest

7. Allergy test
Arterial blood gas test
Blood tests to measure eosinophil count &
IgE
Chest X-ray
Lung function test
Peak flow measurements

8. Reduce exposure to indoor allergens
Avoid tobacco smoke
Avoid vehicle emission
Identify irritants in the workplace & avoid them
Influenza vaccination should be provided to patients
Control airway swelling
Control drugs to prevent attack
Avoid sulfite-containing foods
Use only unscented detergents & cleaning materials.
Keep the house clean & keep foods in containers.
Visit doctor regularly & follow doctor’s advice.
Take medication
Life style change

9. MEDICATION
Leukotriene receptor
antagonists:
Montelucast(Montene-sq.)
Anti-cholinergics:
Ipratropium bromide
nasal spray(Rynaspray-sq.)
H1-antihistamines:
Systemic:
Cetirizine(Alatrol-sq.),
Fexofenadine(Fexo-sq.),
Loratidine(Loratin-sq.),
Levocetrizine(Curin-
Beximco),
Desloratidine(Sedno-sq.)
Topical:
Azelastine spray(Snizex-sq.)
Anti-IgE
Cromones

10. Nasal decongestants Corticosteroids
Systemic:
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine(Preecof-
Incepta)
Topical:
Xylometazoline(Antazol-sq.)
Oxymetazoline(Nocon-sq.)
Hypertonic saline
Nasal:
Beclomethasone
(Decomit-Beximco)
Budesonide(Aeronoid-
Beximco)
Fluticasone(Perinase-
Beximco)
Mometasone
Injection:
Methylprednisolone
Oral:
Prednisolone

11. REFERENCE