A culture test is performed to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. It is done by using a culture media for their growth
A culture test is performed to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. It is done by using a culture media for their growth
Microbiological assay-Principles and methods of different microbiological assay.someshwar mankar
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of
antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids. Assessment of a new antibiotic.
antibiotic susceptibility testing
disk diffusion method
Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method
Stokes method
diluted method
agar dilution
test tube dilution
epsilometer test (E test)
Antibiotic sensitivity test PPT by Dr.C.P.PRINCEDR.PRINCE C P
Antibiotic sensitivity test: in vitro testing of bacterial cultures with antibiotics to determine susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic therapy.
A laboratory test which determines how effective antibiotic therapy is against a bacterial infections.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing will control the use of Antibiotics in clinical practice
Testing will assist the clinicians in the choice of drugs for the treatment of infections.
Helps to guide the Physician in choosing Antibiotics
The accumulated results on different pathogens their sensitivity will guide the physician in choosing empirical treatment in serious patients before the individual’s laboratory results are analyzed in the Microbiology laboratory.
Reveals the changing trends in the local isolates.
Helps the local pattern of antibiotic prescribing.
PPT Prepared by
Dr.Prince.C.P
Department of Microbiology
Mother Theresa PG&RIHS
Pondicherry
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Microbiological assay-Principles and methods of different microbiological assay.someshwar mankar
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of
antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids. Assessment of a new antibiotic.
antibiotic susceptibility testing
disk diffusion method
Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method
Stokes method
diluted method
agar dilution
test tube dilution
epsilometer test (E test)
Antibiotic sensitivity test PPT by Dr.C.P.PRINCEDR.PRINCE C P
Antibiotic sensitivity test: in vitro testing of bacterial cultures with antibiotics to determine susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotic therapy.
A laboratory test which determines how effective antibiotic therapy is against a bacterial infections.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing will control the use of Antibiotics in clinical practice
Testing will assist the clinicians in the choice of drugs for the treatment of infections.
Helps to guide the Physician in choosing Antibiotics
The accumulated results on different pathogens their sensitivity will guide the physician in choosing empirical treatment in serious patients before the individual’s laboratory results are analyzed in the Microbiology laboratory.
Reveals the changing trends in the local isolates.
Helps the local pattern of antibiotic prescribing.
PPT Prepared by
Dr.Prince.C.P
Department of Microbiology
Mother Theresa PG&RIHS
Pondicherry
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Antibiotic sensitivity is a term used to describe the susceptibility of bacteria to
antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is usually carried out to determine which
antibiotic will be most successful in treating a bacterial infection in vivo. Some antibiotics actually kill
the bacteria (bactericidal), whereas others merely prevent the bacteria from multiplying
(bacteriostatic).
Testing for antibiotic sensitivity is often done by:
1. Diffusion methods.
2. Dilution methods for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
determination.(MIC).
3. Diffusion methods
Kirby-Bauer method or disk diffusion antibiotic
sensitivity testing:
Small filter paper disks containing antibiotics are placed onto a plate upon
which bacteria are growing. The antibiotic diffuses from the disk into the agar .
If the bacteria are sensitive to the antibiotic, a clear ring, or zone of inhibition, is
seen around the disk indicating poor growth. Using special comparators that
interpret the diameter of the zones of inhibition, consequently the organism can
be described as resistant, intermediate, or sensitive. Tables are used to
determine the breakpoint for each drug.
4.
5.
6.
7. Agar disk diffusion method procedure:
1. from a prepared bacterial suspension, dip a swab and seed the surface of an agar
plate with the swab then rotate the plate through a 45º angle and streak the whole
surface again, then rotate the plate another 90º and streak once more. Discard the
swab in disinfectant.
2. Dip the tips of a forceps in 70% alcohol, flame rapidly and allow cooling.
3. Pick up an antibiotic disc with the forceps and place it on the agar surface, press the
disk gently using the tips of the forceps.
4. Repeat with eight different antibiotic disks; make sure they are separated evenly
from each other.
5. Invert plates and incubate at 37ºC overnight.
8. Antibiotics may be also placed in wells made in the agar medium by a
cork borer.
Or antibiotics may be incorporated with the melted agar and poured
together in Petri dishes, in this case each dish will contain only on
antibiotic.
when two antimicrobial agents act at the same time on the same
microbial population, the effect may be either
indifference. 1+1= 1
addition. 1+1=2
synergism. 1+1= 3
antagonism 1+1= 1/2
9. 6. Using a ruler measure the diameter of any zones of inhibition and record your
results, the results must be compared with values listed in standard charts as shown in
the interpretative chart below:
Antibiotic
Disk
concentration
Diameter of zone of inhibition
Resistant Intermediate Susceptible
ampicillin 10 microgram 11 or less 12-13 14 or more
cephalothin 30 microgram 14 or less 15-17 18 or more
chloramphenicol 30 microgram 12 or less 13-17 18 or more
gentamicin 10 microgram 12 or less 13-14 15 or more
penicillin 10 U 20 or less 21-28 29 or more
Polymyxin B 300 U 8 or less 8-11 12 or more
sulphonamide 300 microgram 12 or less 13-16 17 or more
tetracycline 30 microgram 14 or less 15-18 19 or more
10. Other methods to test antimicrobial susceptibility include the E-test also based on
antibiotic diffusion.
The Epsilometer test (usually abbreviated Etest):
is a laboratory test used to determine whether or not a bacterium is susceptible to an
antibiotic. The Etest is basically an agar diffusion method. The Etest utilises a
rectangular strip that has been impregnated with the drug to be studied. A lawn of
bacteria is inoculated onto the surface an agar plate and the Etest strip is laid on top;
the drug diffuses out into the agar, producing an exponential gradient of the drug to be
tested. There is an exponential scale printed on the strip. After 24 hours of incubation,
an elliptical zone of inhibition is produced and the point at which the ellipse meets the
strip gives a reading for the (MIC) of the drug.
11.
12.
13.
14. Dilution methods for Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration
determination.(MIC)
The most commonly employed methods are the tube
dilution method.
The tube dilution test is the standard method for
determining levels of microbial resistance to an
antimicrobial agent. Serial dilutions of the test agent are
made in a liquid microbial growth medium which is
inoculated with a standardized number of organisms and
incubated for a prescribed time. The lowest concentration
(highest dilution) of test agent preventing appearance of
turbidity (growth) is considered to be the minimal
inhibitory concentration (MIC). At this dilution the test
agent is bacteriostatic.
The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or the
15. Procedure of (MIC):
1. Number sterile capped test tubes 1 through 9. All of the following steps are carried out using aseptic technique.
2. Add 2.0 ml of tetracycline solution (100 ug/ml) to the first tube. Add 1.0 ml of sterile broth to all other tubes.
3. Transfer 1.0 ml from the first tube to the second tube.
4. Using a separate pipette, mix the contents of this tube and transfer 1.0 ml to the third tube.
5. Continue dilutions in this manner to tube number 8, being certain to change pipettes between tubes to prevent
carryover of antibiotic on the external surface of the pipette.
6. Remove 1.0 ml from tube 8 and discard it. The ninth tube, which serves as a control, receives no tetracycline.
7. Suspend to an appropriate turbidity several colonies of the culture to be tested in 5.0 ml of Mueller-Hinton broth to
give a slightly turbid suspension.
8. Dilute this suspension by aseptically pipetting 0.2 ml of the suspension into 40 ml of Mueller-Hinton broth.
9. Add 1.0 ml of the diluted culture suspension to each of the tubes. The final concentration of tetracycline is now
one-half of the original concentration in each tube.
10.Incubate all tubes at 35oC overnight.
11.Examine tubes for visible signs of bacterial growth. The highest dilution without growth is the minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC).