Assuming that GC-MS indicated the presence of acetaminophen- how does.docx
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Assuming that GC-MS indicated the presence of acetaminophen, how does the GC-MS experimental evidence demonstrate that ELISA is not a confirmatory test for acetaminophen? Solution Using the chromatographic techniques of like TLC, HPLC & GC-MS the estimation of paracetamol is established procedure in analysis. And the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) test kit is a qualitative one-step kit developed as a screening device for the detection of drugs as well as respective metabolites in a test sample. This kit was just designed for the screening of compounds and is widely used in forensic science. Furthermore it is recommended that all doubtful samples should be confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The Gas chromatography separates the components of a mixture & the mass spectroscopy characterizes individual components. Hence by combining these two techniques, we can analyze both qualitatively & quantitatively the test sample of any compound. Thus GC-MS experimental evidence demonstrates that ELISA is not a confirmatory test for acetaminophen. It’s just a qualitative technique. .
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Astronomy 107:
1. Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature than hydrogen fusion?
2. What is degenerate matter? Why is it so difficult to compress?
3. Why can’t a white dwarf continue to contract as it cools? What is its fate?
4. How can a star with as much as eight solar masses form a white dwarf when it dies? (Hint: A white dwarf can be no more massive than 1.4 solar masses.)
5. How does the inward collapse of a massive star produce an outward explosion?
6. Distinguish between a Type I and a Type II supernova.
7. What is the approximate density of a white dwarf? A neutron star? Why can the neutron star be a few miles in diameter, while a white dwarf is roughly the size of earth?
8. What is the last nuclei that appear in massive star’s core? Why is it the last?
Solution
1.
helium fusion require higher temperature to overcome the greater repulsive force between the protons in helium. the repulsive force is greater because helium has two protons while the hydrogen has only one proton. at higher temperature , the protons collide efficiently and can get close enough to fuse together.
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Astronomers have found “dark matter” in a variety of environments. Name the places where dark matter has been found, and briefly describe how the discovery was made in each case. The question is: In what way is this similar to the construction of Hubble’s law?
Solution
The matter that we cannot observe directly \"dark matter,\". Many evidence are found shows that super massive black hole (dark matter) is located at the galactic centre.
The large fraction of invisible matter is present in the universe because gravity produced by all luminous body is very less compared to amount of gravity required for the stars to orbit around galaxies and the galaxies to their galactic centre.
According to Hubble\'s law all objects appear to be farther away from us.This is possible if the expansion of the universe is accelerating , not decelerating. In order for the universe to accelerate, there must be some force pushing all of the galaxies away from each other, and this force must be strong enough to counteract the deceleration by gravity. Today, we do not know the ectula caue of this. his new mysterious force provided by darks matter, dark energy .
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Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO.docx
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO < HI , and x has been declared as DWORD in the data segment. Also, Irvine\'s library is included, and Randomize has already been called. Which of the following code fragments will assign to x a \"random\" integer in the range [LO .. HI] ? Check all that apply.
a
push LO
push HI
call RandomRange
pop x
b
mov eax,HI
call RandomRange
mov x,eax
mov eax,LO
call RandomRange
sub x,eax
c
mov eax,HI
sub eax,LO
inc eax
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
d
mov eax,HI
mov ebx,LO
dec ebx
sub eax,ebx
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
Solution
Generates an unsigned pseudo-random 32-bit integer in the range of 0 through (n-1).
Hence we can see that
Option C is the correct one as it first gets the num in range hi-lo+1 and then adds low to it
Option D is also correct it is doing the same thing
Do give a thumbs up
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AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
Solution
Mutual Exclusion:
At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode, that is, only one process at a time claims exclusive control of the resource. If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released.
Hold and Wait:
Requesting process holding a resource already, while waiting for requested resources held by other processes.
No-Preemptive Condition:
Resources already allocated to a process cannot be preempted.
Circular Wait Condition:
The processes in the system form a circular list or chain where each process in the list is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the list.
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As we know, total ownership is not a requirement for consolidation. A parent need only gain control of another company to create a business combination. If less than 100% of a subsidiary\'s voting stock is obtained, how is the presence of the other owners reflected in consolidated financial statements? What accounting is appropriate for a noncontrolling interest? How are these figures computed and where are they reported on the consolidated statements?
Solution
When a parent acquires more than 50% but less than 100% of the voting stock of a subsidiary company, it is said to have controlling interest in that company. The remaining portion which is not acquired by the parent company is called non-controlling interest or minority interest. These are other owners whose interests are seperately reflected in the parent company\'s financial statements (balance sheet as non-controlling/minority interest).
Non-controlling interest is reported on the liabilities and stockholder\'s equity side of the balance sheet of the parent company under the head \"Equity\". It is important to note, that minority interest is recorded independently of the equity of the parent company.
Consolidated net income of the parent company and subsidiary company must be shown seperately for the parent company and minority interest in the consolidated income statement. In a similar way, the comprehensive income is also allocated between the controlling and non-controlling interest.
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Asset Depreciation 2 2 unread replies- 2 2 replies- Answer each of the.docx
Asset Depreciation
2 2 unread replies. 2 2 replies.
Answer each of the following questions
What is the rationale for depreciating assets used in business? Do you agree with it?
Does the rationale have any implications on capital formation
Solution
1 ) Rationale for depreciating assets is that the depletion in the value of assets over the period of time due to the wear and tear of the asset . It is said to be the cost of assets allocated in the financial year according to the benefits generated by the use of the asset
2) Depreciation is a non cash expense and we traet as a expense that results in decline of profits due to which there is an accumulation of funds in the company and therefore helps in capital formation
3) Rules regarding depreciation are same for all the tax payers hence it does not favour any single group of taxpayers
4)Revenue implications : The method of depreciation adopted by the company can impact revenues . Depreciation amount will be different by any method
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Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction.docx
Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction Company. Walitin is headquartered in Miami, Florida, and has a general contractor
Solution
Ashley should try to investigate the matter in detail because the tips that ashley received relating to the subcontractors was very relevant for the comapny as well as stakeholders because it can misguide the stakeholders in decision making whether to invest in the company or not, excess billing or ficticious billing is an unethical business practices that was been conducted by the subcontractors . Ashley should take the matter into consideration seriously and work to overcome the problem of overbilling being done by the subcontractors . Ashley should report the tip to Roberta and together work to resolve the problem
B)Waltins hotline is the system introduced in the company where anyone either from inside or outside the company can give complaints and tips for improvement in the comapny through phones web and emails
Recommendations for improvement
A) All the tips received should be taken into consideration if there is any suspension regarding the tip received
B) Meeting should be done with the person sending tip to get details about the matter if something wrong is going on in the comapny
C) Ask the person sending tips for the supporting documents that can witness the fraudulent activity or misconduct being conducted in the company
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Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program Write a program to fin.docx
Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program
Write a program to find the area of any polygon given its vertexes.
Inputs:Â Â The input is the set of polygons.
Outputs:Â Â Label and print the area value for each input.
Restrictions:Â Â You are to use one-dimensional array(s) to hold vertex values.
You are to use Functions/Procedures in your implementation.
Place your input and output into a file.
Consider:  Area = ½ ? ( Xi+1 Yi - Xi Yi+1 )
Repeat the first point in the polygon in setting up the list of points for the above loop. Loop through the points in a clockwise process form point to point.
Solution
fid = fopen(\'input.txt\');
tline = fgetl(fid);
num=1;
while ischar(tline)
disp(tline)
[x,rem]=strtok(tline,\':\')
[y,rem]=strtok(rem,\':\')
a=str2num(x);
b=str2num(y);
area = 1/2*sum(a.*b([2:end,1])-b.*a([2:end,1]));
fprintf(\'Area of polygon is: %.2f\ \', area);
fileID = fopen(\'output.txt\',\'a\');
fprintf(fileID,\'%d :\',num);
fprintf(fileID,\'%f\ \',area);
fclose(fileID);
tline = fgetl(fid);
num++;
end
fclose(fid);
Note : input file should be like
[0 1 2]:[1 2 3]
where x=[0 1 2] y=[1 2 3]
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As a transportation planner-engineer- would you implement a bus servic.docx
As a transportation planner/engineer, would you implement a bus service or a light rail service in a Completely Motorized Network Urban Structure? Provide 3 reasons for your choice.
Solution
As a transportation planner I want to improve bus service(BRT)
modern communication systems, smartcard ticketing, GPS, intelligent transport technologies and computer optimisation techniques it has become possible to serve urban transport needs with modern bus rapid transit (or high capacity bus systems) very adequately. These bus systems have the following advantages:
i) Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems can serve the needs of medium sized cities all the way up to mega cities.
ii) BRT systems can easily reach capacities of 20,000 passengers per direction per hour. These capacities are very adequate for cities which have multiple business districts and medium rise buildings. In such cities higher
capacity systems will never run at peak capacity.
iii) BRT can be implemented at a fraction of the costs involved in building metro rail transit and light rail systems. BRT systems use existing right-of-way on urban corridors and so the modifications involved do not disrupt the city significantly.
iv) A major advantage of BRT is its flexibility in meeting changes in the city development and in changes in demand in quality and quantity.
V)Rail systems can only serve a very limited area of a city. Not one developing country city subway system serves more than 10% of population. BRT systems can achieve very high coverage at low investment costs.
.
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Application of hyphenated techniques(GC-MS)
Hyphenated techniques have received ever-increasing attention as the principal means to solve complex analytical problems.
Hyphenated techniques are widely used in chemistry and biochemistry and used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of unknown compounds in complex natural product extracts or fraction and estimation of protein samples also.
Application of hyphenated techniques
The hyphenated technique is a combination or coupling of two analytical techniques with the help of a proper interface.
The aim of the coupling is to obtain an information-rich detection for both identification and quantification compared to that with a single analytical technique.
Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of sitaglip...
Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of sitagliptin and metformin in tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC
LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of carbinoxamine in human plasma
A simple, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for determination of carbinoxamine in human plasma using pargeverine HCl as an internal standard. The procedure involves a simple protein precipitation technique using BDS HYPERSIL C8 (100 x 4.6mm) column. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile: buffer (25mm ammonium formate solution) (80:20). Precipitation was done using acetonitrile and detection was done in MRM mode, using an Electro Spray positive ionization. The ion transition monitored was (m/z) carbinoxamine (Q1 Mass: 291.2; Q3 Mass: 167.1), Internal standard (Q1 Mass: 338.1; Q3 Mass; 167.0). The retention time of carbinoxamine and internal Standard were 1.61 and 1.75 respectively. Method was evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, sensitivity. The simple extraction procedure and short chromatographic runtime make the method suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring studies.
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of escitalopram (ESP) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil (250x4.6)mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml/ min by using JASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 238 nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and 5mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio 30:20:50 respectively. The retention time for escitaloparm was found to be 5.36 minutes respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997 (ESP). The mean percentage recovery was found to be 101.86 respectively. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100 % representing the accuracy in the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation.
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
This document describes the development and validation of a HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram oxalate in tablets. Key points:
- An isocratic HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Escitalopram in pharmaceutical formulations.
- The method used a C18 column, mobile phase of acetonitrile:methanol:ammonium acetate buffer, and UV detection at 238nm. Escitalopram had a retention time of 5.36 minutes.
- The method was validated per ICH guidelines and found to be linear, precise, accurate, rugged and robust. Analysis of tablet formulations found Escitalopram levels within 100% of claimed content.
Similar to Assuming that GC-MS indicated the presence of acetaminophen- how does.docx (13)
Haemolysis effect of Mefenamic Acid 250 mg Capsule in Bio analysis by liquid ...
Haemolysis effect of Mefenamic Acid 250 mg Capsule in Bio analysis by liquid ...
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) BY P.RAVISANKAR.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) BY P.RAVISANKAR.
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR QUAN...
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR QUAN...
Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of sitaglip...
Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of sitaglip...
LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of carbinoxamine in human plasma
LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of carbinoxamine in human plasma
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of Escitalopram ...
More from james876543264
Astronomy 107- 1- Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature.docx
Astronomy 107:
1. Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature than hydrogen fusion?
2. What is degenerate matter? Why is it so difficult to compress?
3. Why can’t a white dwarf continue to contract as it cools? What is its fate?
4. How can a star with as much as eight solar masses form a white dwarf when it dies? (Hint: A white dwarf can be no more massive than 1.4 solar masses.)
5. How does the inward collapse of a massive star produce an outward explosion?
6. Distinguish between a Type I and a Type II supernova.
7. What is the approximate density of a white dwarf? A neutron star? Why can the neutron star be a few miles in diameter, while a white dwarf is roughly the size of earth?
8. What is the last nuclei that appear in massive star’s core? Why is it the last?
Solution
1.
helium fusion require higher temperature to overcome the greater repulsive force between the protons in helium. the repulsive force is greater because helium has two protons while the hydrogen has only one proton. at higher temperature , the protons collide efficiently and can get close enough to fuse together.
.
Astronomers have found dark matter in a variety of environments- Name.docx
Astronomers have found “dark matter” in a variety of environments. Name the places where dark matter has been found, and briefly describe how the discovery was made in each case. The question is: In what way is this similar to the construction of Hubble’s law?
Solution
The matter that we cannot observe directly \"dark matter,\". Many evidence are found shows that super massive black hole (dark matter) is located at the galactic centre.
The large fraction of invisible matter is present in the universe because gravity produced by all luminous body is very less compared to amount of gravity required for the stars to orbit around galaxies and the galaxies to their galactic centre.
According to Hubble\'s law all objects appear to be farther away from us.This is possible if the expansion of the universe is accelerating , not decelerating. In order for the universe to accelerate, there must be some force pushing all of the galaxies away from each other, and this force must be strong enough to counteract the deceleration by gravity. Today, we do not know the ectula caue of this. his new mysterious force provided by darks matter, dark energy .
.
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO.docx
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO < HI , and x has been declared as DWORD in the data segment. Also, Irvine\'s library is included, and Randomize has already been called. Which of the following code fragments will assign to x a \"random\" integer in the range [LO .. HI] ? Check all that apply.
a
push LO
push HI
call RandomRange
pop x
b
mov eax,HI
call RandomRange
mov x,eax
mov eax,LO
call RandomRange
sub x,eax
c
mov eax,HI
sub eax,LO
inc eax
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
d
mov eax,HI
mov ebx,LO
dec ebx
sub eax,ebx
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
Solution
Generates an unsigned pseudo-random 32-bit integer in the range of 0 through (n-1).
Hence we can see that
Option C is the correct one as it first gets the num in range hi-lo+1 and then adds low to it
Option D is also correct it is doing the same thing
Do give a thumbs up
.
AS1- Four Condition of Deadloc- show that the four conditions of deadl.docx
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
Solution
Mutual Exclusion:
At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode, that is, only one process at a time claims exclusive control of the resource. If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released.
Hold and Wait:
Requesting process holding a resource already, while waiting for requested resources held by other processes.
No-Preemptive Condition:
Resources already allocated to a process cannot be preempted.
Circular Wait Condition:
The processes in the system form a circular list or chain where each process in the list is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the list.
.
As we know- total ownership is not a requirement for consolidation- A.docx
As we know, total ownership is not a requirement for consolidation. A parent need only gain control of another company to create a business combination. If less than 100% of a subsidiary\'s voting stock is obtained, how is the presence of the other owners reflected in consolidated financial statements? What accounting is appropriate for a noncontrolling interest? How are these figures computed and where are they reported on the consolidated statements?
Solution
When a parent acquires more than 50% but less than 100% of the voting stock of a subsidiary company, it is said to have controlling interest in that company. The remaining portion which is not acquired by the parent company is called non-controlling interest or minority interest. These are other owners whose interests are seperately reflected in the parent company\'s financial statements (balance sheet as non-controlling/minority interest).
Non-controlling interest is reported on the liabilities and stockholder\'s equity side of the balance sheet of the parent company under the head \"Equity\". It is important to note, that minority interest is recorded independently of the equity of the parent company.
Consolidated net income of the parent company and subsidiary company must be shown seperately for the parent company and minority interest in the consolidated income statement. In a similar way, the comprehensive income is also allocated between the controlling and non-controlling interest.
.
Asset Depreciation 2 2 unread replies- 2 2 replies- Answer each of the.docx
Asset Depreciation
2 2 unread replies. 2 2 replies.
Answer each of the following questions
What is the rationale for depreciating assets used in business? Do you agree with it?
Does the rationale have any implications on capital formation
Solution
1 ) Rationale for depreciating assets is that the depletion in the value of assets over the period of time due to the wear and tear of the asset . It is said to be the cost of assets allocated in the financial year according to the benefits generated by the use of the asset
2) Depreciation is a non cash expense and we traet as a expense that results in decline of profits due to which there is an accumulation of funds in the company and therefore helps in capital formation
3) Rules regarding depreciation are same for all the tax payers hence it does not favour any single group of taxpayers
4)Revenue implications : The method of depreciation adopted by the company can impact revenues . Depreciation amount will be different by any method
.
Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction.docx
Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction Company. Walitin is headquartered in Miami, Florida, and has a general contractor
Solution
Ashley should try to investigate the matter in detail because the tips that ashley received relating to the subcontractors was very relevant for the comapny as well as stakeholders because it can misguide the stakeholders in decision making whether to invest in the company or not, excess billing or ficticious billing is an unethical business practices that was been conducted by the subcontractors . Ashley should take the matter into consideration seriously and work to overcome the problem of overbilling being done by the subcontractors . Ashley should report the tip to Roberta and together work to resolve the problem
B)Waltins hotline is the system introduced in the company where anyone either from inside or outside the company can give complaints and tips for improvement in the comapny through phones web and emails
Recommendations for improvement
A) All the tips received should be taken into consideration if there is any suspension regarding the tip received
B) Meeting should be done with the person sending tip to get details about the matter if something wrong is going on in the comapny
C) Ask the person sending tips for the supporting documents that can witness the fraudulent activity or misconduct being conducted in the company
.
Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program Write a program to fin.docx
Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program
Write a program to find the area of any polygon given its vertexes.
Inputs:Â Â The input is the set of polygons.
Outputs:Â Â Label and print the area value for each input.
Restrictions:Â Â You are to use one-dimensional array(s) to hold vertex values.
You are to use Functions/Procedures in your implementation.
Place your input and output into a file.
Consider:  Area = ½ ? ( Xi+1 Yi - Xi Yi+1 )
Repeat the first point in the polygon in setting up the list of points for the above loop. Loop through the points in a clockwise process form point to point.
Solution
fid = fopen(\'input.txt\');
tline = fgetl(fid);
num=1;
while ischar(tline)
disp(tline)
[x,rem]=strtok(tline,\':\')
[y,rem]=strtok(rem,\':\')
a=str2num(x);
b=str2num(y);
area = 1/2*sum(a.*b([2:end,1])-b.*a([2:end,1]));
fprintf(\'Area of polygon is: %.2f\ \', area);
fileID = fopen(\'output.txt\',\'a\');
fprintf(fileID,\'%d :\',num);
fprintf(fileID,\'%f\ \',area);
fclose(fileID);
tline = fgetl(fid);
num++;
end
fclose(fid);
Note : input file should be like
[0 1 2]:[1 2 3]
where x=[0 1 2] y=[1 2 3]
.
As a transportation planner-engineer- would you implement a bus servic.docx
As a transportation planner/engineer, would you implement a bus service or a light rail service in a Completely Motorized Network Urban Structure? Provide 3 reasons for your choice.
Solution
As a transportation planner I want to improve bus service(BRT)
modern communication systems, smartcard ticketing, GPS, intelligent transport technologies and computer optimisation techniques it has become possible to serve urban transport needs with modern bus rapid transit (or high capacity bus systems) very adequately. These bus systems have the following advantages:
i) Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems can serve the needs of medium sized cities all the way up to mega cities.
ii) BRT systems can easily reach capacities of 20,000 passengers per direction per hour. These capacities are very adequate for cities which have multiple business districts and medium rise buildings. In such cities higher
capacity systems will never run at peak capacity.
iii) BRT can be implemented at a fraction of the costs involved in building metro rail transit and light rail systems. BRT systems use existing right-of-way on urban corridors and so the modifications involved do not disrupt the city significantly.
iv) A major advantage of BRT is its flexibility in meeting changes in the city development and in changes in demand in quality and quantity.
V)Rail systems can only serve a very limited area of a city. Not one developing country city subway system serves more than 10% of population. BRT systems can achieve very high coverage at low investment costs.
.
explain why glass electrode is a good example of an ion selective elec.docx
Glass electrodes are good examples of ion selective electrodes because the glass membrane has selectivity for specific single or double-charged cations like hydrogen, sodium, silver, lead, and cadmium ions. The glass membrane also has excellent chemical durability and can operate in aggressive media. A common example is the pH glass electrode, which uses a glass membrane sensitive to hydrogen ions to measure pH.
explain why galvanize steel does not rust Chlorine is added to swimmin.docx
explain why galvanize steel does not rust
Chlorine is added to swimming pools because it acts an a(n)___to kill bacteria.
Before Charles Hall developed a process of extracting it through a technique later called the Hall-Heroult process, ___ was considered more precious than gold.
Any substance that, when dssolved in water, allows the resulting solution to conduct electricity is called ____.
the electrode of an electrolytic cell from whch electrons flow back to the power source, giving it a positive charge, is called the___.
In a zinc-carbon dry cell battery, the Zn isconverted to Zn2+. therefore Zn has been___.
Solution
Q.why galvanized steel does not rust ?
Ans.galvanized Steel coated with zinc to make them corrosion resistant. Regular steel is made of iron which will rust when exposed to moisture, either in the form of rain or ambient humidiy.
2. Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking thechemical bonds in their molecules.its act as disinfectants.
3.Aluminum produced via the Hall–Héroult process, in combination with cheaper electric power, helped make aluminium (and incidentally magnesium) an inexpensive commodity rather than a precious gold
4.ny substance that, when dssolved in water, allows the resulting solution to conduct electricity is called an electrolyte.
5.the electrode of an electrolytic cell from whch electrons flow back to the power source, giving it a positive charge, is called the cathode.
6.In a zinc-carbon dry cell battery, the Zn isconverted to Zn2+. therefore Zn has been oxidized
.
Explain why in the DPCM structure- the input to the predictor P is the.docx
Explain why in the DPCM structure, the input to the predictor P is the quantized version of the original input [n] instead of the actual original input x[n]. [please i need a detailed explanation]
Solution
we go for using DPCM instead of PCM system inorder to decrease the QUANTIZATION ERROR ....we know for multiplexing point of view channel bandwidth should be as high as possible and the signal bandwidth is as low as possible for more number of signals to be transmitted via the same channel ...in PCM system direct input is applied to sampler after encoder block and sampled values are given to quantizer those quantized values are given to decoder via regenerative repeaters and then to the receiver at the receiver input we have probability of error because of quantization distortion called the quantization error ( Q e )
quantization error varies between -(delta)/2 to +(delta)/2
here delta is called the step size
delta= (signal amplitude (peak to peak)) /2 n and band width in PCM = 1/T b
where as T b = T S /n
as signal ammplitude increases quantization error increases ,
so for decresing the Q e either the value of n is increased or the signal amplitude should bd decreased
if we increase n value the bandwidth of a signal will increases multiplexing point of view which is a drawback
so we go for DPCM system in which we are applying difference amplitude
means difference of present sample value - previous sample value so numerator of step size decreases
the Qe value also decreases so for reducing of quantization error we are using DPCM insted of PCM
.
explain Westminster system- explain Westminster system- explain We.docx
explain Westminster system?
explain Westminster system?
explain Westminster system?
Solution
Answer:
The Westminster System is a democratic system of government modelled after that of the United Kingdom, as used in the Palace of Westminster, the location of the UK parliament. The system is a series of conventions and procedures for operating a legislature. It is used, or was once also used, in most Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth nations. There are other parliamentary systems, for example those of various European countries, whose procedures differ considerably from the Westminster system.
Aspects of the Westminster system include:
Most of the procedures of the Westminster system originated with the conventions, practices and precedents of the UK parliament, which are a part of what is known as the British constitution. Unlike the UK, most countries which use the Westminster system have codified the system in a written constitution.
.
Explain what anSolutionAn intervention is a deliberate process by whic.docx
Explain what an
Solution
An intervention is a deliberate process by which change is introduced into peoples thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The overall objective of an intervention is to confront a person in a non-threatening way and allow them to see their self-destructive behavior, and how it affects themselves, family and friends. It usually involves several people who have prepared themselves to talk to a person who has been engaging in some sort of self-destructive behavior. In a clear and respectful way, they inform the person of factual information regarding his or her behavior and how it may have affected them. The immediate objective of an intervention is for the self-destructive person to listen and to accept help.
Intervention can be used in various settings depending on the need of the organization.
Survey feedback intervention provides data and information to all the managers. Information related to the attitude, structure, working conditions will be included in the survey. Managers analyze the data pertaining to each and every employee and takes appropriate action. They try to analyze the problem, evaluate the result and correct the problem.
Key considerations include:
1) involvement of organizational decision makers,
2) development of a situation change model, and
3) use of evaluative methods and measures that corroborate evidence of outcomes.
.
Explain what is meant by the statement that a preferred stock is a hyb.docx
Explain what is meant by the statement that a preferred stock is a hybrid between a common stock and a bond. What factors determine the value of a share of preferred stock?
Solution
Preferred stock is featured as its name that is preference . Preferred stock is always given preference over common stock that is they are the first one to claim their right on the income of the company either at the time of distribution of income or at the time of the liquidation of the company , this is the main difference between the preferred stock and the common stock . Preferred stock is also considered as a type of bond due to its feature of fixed income and repay characteristic at the time of maturity these are the reason ehy the preferred stock is considered as a hybrid between common stock and a bond
Factors determining valuation of preferred stock
1) Fixed dividend: Holders of preferred stock treat it as a investment that gives them fixed income in the form of dividend like bond gives fixed interest
2) Market interest rates: Preferred stocks are also a type of bond hence market interest rates plays a important role in the valuation of preferred stock , if market interest rate is down then preference rate increases and it the market interest rate is high then the preference rate goes down
3) Structure: Whether the preferred stock is convertible or non convertible also plays a great role in the valuation of the preferred sock
.
Explain the weaknesses of the OOA-OOD focusing only on Use-cases and C.docx
Explain the weaknesses of the OOA/OOD focusing only on Use-cases and Class Diagram Design using CRC cards without using State Diagrams.
Solution
Object-oriented analysis (OOA) and design (OOD) are techniques which have evolved since 1988 to support the creation of object-oriented software targeted at languages like Smalltalk, C++ and Eiffel.
A contrast is drawn between the older structured systems analysis and design and the newer OOA&D. The aims and goals of SSA&D are different from the aims and goals of OOA&D.
A large number of OO methods for analysis and design have been put forward. These can roughly be categorised as:
relationship and attribute centred approaches (Shlaer/Mellor, Coad/Yourdon)
behaviour centred approaches (OBA, RDD)
high industrial profile approaches (OMT, Booch)
synthesized approaches (Objectory, Fusion)
No one approach has all the best techniques
Very few approaches cover all aspects in equal depth
Complexity and Abstraction
A look at the psychology behind human conceptual activity.
Complexity
Software is among the most complex of human artefacts.
few material constraints, contrast bridge designs;
arbitrary reconstructions, contrast building designs;
Abstraction
Abstraction is the tool we use to encapsulate complexity:
higher abstractions introduced to reduce complexity;
certain aspects of problem highlighted;
certain aspects of problem suppressed.
.
Explain two Principle of locality used in Memory Hierarchy-SolutionHie.docx
Explain two Principle of locality used in Memory Hierarchy.
Solution
Hierarchical memory is a hardware optimization that takes the benefits of spatial and temporal locality and can be used on several levels of the memory hierarchy. Paging obviously benefits from temporal and spatial locality. A cache is a simple example of exploiting temporal locality, because it is a specially designed, faster but smaller memory area, generally used to keep recently referenced data and data near recently referenced data, which can lead to potential performance increases.
Principle of Locality: Memory Hierarchies :-
Temporal locality- Recently accessed items will be accessed in the near future.
Temporal locality is found in instruction loops, data stacks and variable accesses. If at one point a particular memory location is referenced, then it is likely that the same location will be referenced again in the near future. There is a temporal proximity between the adjacent references to the same memory location. In this case it is common to make efforts to store a copy of the referenced data in special memory storage, which can be accessed faster. Temporal locality is a special case of spatial locality, namely when the prospective location is identical to the present location.
Spatial locality - Items at addresses close to the addresses of recently accessed items will be accessed in the near future.
Spatial locality describes the characteristic that programs access a number of distinct regions. If a particular storage location is referenced at a particular time, then it is likely that nearby memory locations will be referenced in the near future. In this case it is common to attempt to guess the size and shape of the area around the current reference for which it is worthwhile to prepare faster access
.
Explain the use of directives in configuration files- Provide an examp.docx
Explain the use of “directives” in configuration files. Provide an example of two directives found in an Apache configuration file and detail what each accomplishes.
Solution
The configuration files contain directives that can be applied to the entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular directories, files, hosts, or URLs.
HTTP Server of Apache is configured by putting or placing directives in plain text configuration files. Configuration file httpd.conf is called main configuration file. During compile time its location is set, but command line flag -f is used if it\'s need to be overridden ever.Directive \"Include\" is used to add other configuration files ,likewise wildcards can also be used to add many configuration files.Any of these configuration files can be used to place any of the directives,httpd is used to recognised if any of the changes is made in main configuration file when it is started or restarted. The <If Define>directive encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate parameter is defined on the httpdcommand line.
The < IfModule>directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will only be applied if a particular module is available in the server. The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it must be dynamically compiled and its LoadModule line must be earlier in the configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages about missing modules.
.
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages.docx
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
Solution
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
steps:
1) enable : in this it will ask you for your password
2) configur terminal: it will give access in internation configure mode
3) ROUTING : IT ENABLE ROUTING OF THE SPECIFIC DEVICE
4) vrf definition: it configures the routing and get into vrf configure mode
5) address :enter vrf address
6) exit :it will exit exit from vrf address
7) exit: it exit from vrf configure mode
8) mode enable: it give access to vrf
9) rip process: creates the routing process
10) EXIT: exit from rtr mode and get into gobal configure mode
11 )interface: here we will specify the interface type
12) vrf forwarding : it combine to specific interface routing object
13) enable : it will enable routing process
14) enable : it will start enabling routing process on interface
15) end: here it will exit form interface
advantages:
1.it uses the updated information for best posiible routing
2.the size of the database can be minimized
3.there will clear vision for for evry router
4.about the network so its difficult to routing loops
disadvantages:
1.there is a need of perfect netwrok design
2.there is aneed of higher memory
3.setup of link state protocol is expensive
.
Explain the motivation behind using a header file for a C program-Solu.docx
Explain the motivation behind using a header file for a C program.
Solution
Motivation behind using header file in c Programming:
Header files contain definitions of functions and variables which can be included into any c program by using #include.
Compilation speed up and optimization :During compilation of some parts of the code it may be sufficient to load API interfaces from header files to check correctness of the code used while defining them.
-2. The motivation for the introduction of header files is type safety. C allows function calls without forward declaration. Logically speaking using functions without forward declaration is as harmful as using Macros as compilers has no proper mechanism to validate the type of the arguments with the parameters. So chances of unresolved linkage errors and runtime failure is more prominent.
3. Header files are more like data abstraction, you just see the important components and you don\'t need to know the background process.
4. To reduce overhead of RAM....the functions or classes defined in these header files are already compiled so they can be directly used .
5.Including a header allows your code to call functions or methods which are written elsewhere and which may or may not be a part of your software project/build, but which can be found by the \'linker\' when you are building the software.
6. Header files are mainly used to declare and include the signatures (i.e. function name, return value and arguments) of your functions in other files. The compiler needs to know these signatures when compiling and linking your files together.
.
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- 1. Assuming that GC-MS indicated the presence of acetaminophen, how does the GC-MS experimental evidence demonstrate that ELISA is not a confirmatory test for acetaminophen? Solution Using the chromatographic techniques of like TLC, HPLC & GC-MS the estimation of paracetamol is established procedure in analysis. And the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) test kit is a qualitative one-step kit developed as a screening device for the detection of drugs as well as respective metabolites in a test sample. This kit was just designed for the screening of compounds and is widely used in forensic science. Furthermore it is recommended that all doubtful samples should be confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The Gas chromatography separates the components of a mixture & the mass spectroscopy characterizes individual components. Hence by combining these two techniques, we can analyze both qualitatively & quantitatively the test sample of any compound. Thus GC-MS experimental evidence demonstrates that ELISA is not a confirmatory test for acetaminophen. It’s just a qualitative technique.