Astronomers have found dark matter in a variety of environments- Name.docx
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Astronomers have found “dark matter” in a variety of environments. Name the places where dark matter has been found, and briefly describe how the discovery was made in each case. The question is: In what way is this similar to the construction of Hubble’s law? Solution The matter that we cannot observe directly \"dark matter,\". Many evidence are found shows that super massive black hole (dark matter) is located at the galactic centre. The large fraction of invisible matter is present in the universe because gravity produced by all luminous body is very less compared to amount of gravity required for the stars to orbit around galaxies and the galaxies to their galactic centre. According to Hubble\'s law all objects appear to be farther away from us.This is possible if the expansion of the universe is accelerating , not decelerating. In order for the universe to accelerate, there must be some force pushing all of the galaxies away from each other, and this force must be strong enough to counteract the deceleration by gravity. Today, we do not know the ectula caue of this. his new mysterious force provided by darks matter, dark energy . .
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A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity at the end of its life. It creates a region of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes were first theorized in the 18th century and their existence was predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. They have been observed through their effects on nearby stars and gas and the emission of x-rays. Black holes come in different sizes, from stellar black holes formed by collapsed stars to supermassive black holes millions of times the sun's mass at the center of galaxies.
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Hey I'm DIVYA SHREE NANDINI. I'm here with my new presentation on Black Hole. I'm sure you'll find it interesting. well first thing what is black hole- "Black hole, cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the end of its life, the core becomes unstable and gravitationally collapses inward upon itself, and the star’s outer layers are blown away. The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity." wanna know more about it then come with me. :)
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3. Three Types of Black Holes: There are 3 essential forms of black holes: stellar black holes, intermediate black holes, and supermassive black holes. Stellar black holes are shaped from collapsing stars, intermediate black holes have loads among one hundred and 100,000 instances that of the solar, and supermassive black holes, found at the centers of galaxies, may have hundreds equal to millions or even billions of suns.
4. Size Doesn’t Matter, Mass Does: The length of a black hole is defined with the aid of its occasion horizon, the boundary past which not anything can break out its gravitational pull. Contrary to popular perception, the size of the occasion horizon does now not rely on the mass of the item that fashioned the black hollow. A black hole with the mass of our sun would have an occasion horizon of only a few kilometers.
5. Time Dilation: Near a black hole, time behaves differently due to the intense gravitational forces. This phenomenon, called time dilation, method that time passes more slowly for an observer close to a black hole in comparison to a person farther away. This impact has been confirmed through numerous experiments and observations.
6. Hawking Radiation: Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes aren’t completely black; they emit a faint radiation now referred to as Hawking radiation. This happens due to quantum outcomes near the occasion horizon, inflicting pairs of debris to be created and one falling into the black hollow whilst the opposite escapes as radiation.
7. Spaghettification: As an item gets towards a black hollow, the gravitational forces grow to be an increasing number of stronger on one facet as compared to the opposite. This tidal force stretches the item into an extended, skinny shape, a manner humorously called “spaghettification.”
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4. Size Doesn’t Matter, Mass Does: The length of a black hole is defined with the aid of its occasion horizon, the boundary past which not anything can break out its gravitational pull. Contrary to popular perception, the size of the occasion horizon does now not rely on the mass of the item that fashioned the black hollow. A black hole with the mass of our sun would have an occasion horizon of only a few kilometers.
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Astronomy 107:
1. Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature than hydrogen fusion?
2. What is degenerate matter? Why is it so difficult to compress?
3. Why can’t a white dwarf continue to contract as it cools? What is its fate?
4. How can a star with as much as eight solar masses form a white dwarf when it dies? (Hint: A white dwarf can be no more massive than 1.4 solar masses.)
5. How does the inward collapse of a massive star produce an outward explosion?
6. Distinguish between a Type I and a Type II supernova.
7. What is the approximate density of a white dwarf? A neutron star? Why can the neutron star be a few miles in diameter, while a white dwarf is roughly the size of earth?
8. What is the last nuclei that appear in massive star’s core? Why is it the last?
Solution
1.
helium fusion require higher temperature to overcome the greater repulsive force between the protons in helium. the repulsive force is greater because helium has two protons while the hydrogen has only one proton. at higher temperature , the protons collide efficiently and can get close enough to fuse together.
.
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO.docx
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO < HI , and x has been declared as DWORD in the data segment. Also, Irvine\'s library is included, and Randomize has already been called. Which of the following code fragments will assign to x a \"random\" integer in the range [LO .. HI] ? Check all that apply.
a
push LO
push HI
call RandomRange
pop x
b
mov eax,HI
call RandomRange
mov x,eax
mov eax,LO
call RandomRange
sub x,eax
c
mov eax,HI
sub eax,LO
inc eax
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
d
mov eax,HI
mov ebx,LO
dec ebx
sub eax,ebx
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
Solution
Generates an unsigned pseudo-random 32-bit integer in the range of 0 through (n-1).
Hence we can see that
Option C is the correct one as it first gets the num in range hi-lo+1 and then adds low to it
Option D is also correct it is doing the same thing
Do give a thumbs up
.
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The document provides information about black holes from a physics group at Jahangirnagar University. It discusses the history of black hole theory, what a black hole is, how they form from massive stars, their properties including singularities and event horizons, evidence of their existence, Stephen Hawking's contributions, and some facts about black holes. The document contains sections on the history, formation, properties, detection, Hawking's work, and interesting facts about black holes. It aims to explain black holes and solve the mystery of these astronomical objects.
Black Holes
This document provides information about black holes, including their structure, theories about their formation and properties, and how they are detected. It discusses that a black hole has a singularity at its center with infinite density, is surrounded by an event horizon beyond which nothing can escape, and may be accompanied by an accretion disk and jets. It also describes Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and Cygnus X-1, the first identified black hole.
Black hol es
Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. Scientists detect black holes by observing their effects on nearby stars and gas, like orbiting and high-energy light emissions. Though invisible, black holes reveal their presence through radiation and gravitational interactions with their environment. There are still many open questions around these enigmatic celestial objects.
Dark matter & dark energy
Dark matter and dark energy make up 95% of the universe. Dark matter is an undetected form of matter that exerts gravitational pull but does not emit or interact with light. Its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects, such as the rotation speeds of galaxies. Dark energy is driving the accelerating expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law, contradicting the expected eventual gravitational collapse. While their effects can be observed, the true nature of dark matter and dark energy remain mysterious, as they have not been directly detected, and may hold potential future applications in spacecraft propulsion if their properties can be better understood.
Dark Stars - James Web Telescope unveiled another secret of this infinite uni...
Our universe is a vast and complex entity, and while our knowledge of it has advanced significantly, scientists are still working to unveil many mysteries. One such incredible secret of "Dark Matter Stars" has been revealed by the James Web Telescope (JWT).
The James Web Telescope has observed such an object in the universe that has never been witnessed before. This object is a dark star. Dark stars are entirely different from normal stars. Normal stars get energy from fusion reactions to illuminate whereas dark stars are made of dark matter. By analyzing this star, we can understand many things in the universe that we never know before.
The universe is divided into three parts i.e. visible matter (atoms), dark matter, and dark energy. Visible matter is only 4.6% of the universe, and dark matter is 24% while dark energy is composed of 71.4% of the universe. All the visible things like humans, mountains, the sun, the moon, etc. make up the visible universe that is made from visible matter. We don't know much about the dark matter that makes up 24% of the universe. We only know that it is made up of dark matter but how? We know very little about it. The third part is the dark energy that expands our universe gradually.
For a complete post, please visit: https://dearteacher4u.blogspot.com/2023/08/dark-stars-james-web-telescope-unveiled.html
Black holes
Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. There are three classifications of black holes based on their masses - stellar-mass, supermassive, and mid-mass. While black holes have immense gravitational pulls, we are relatively safe from them due to the vast distances between objects in space and the fact that stars and galaxies orbit around their centers rather than falling directly into the central black holes. Scientists can detect black holes through observing orbiting stars and gas disks and jets emitting x-rays as material is pulled into the black hole.
Journey Through the Cosmos: Exploring Black Holes & Dr. Stephen Hawking's Leg...
Title: Journey Through the Cosmos: Exploring Black Holes & Dr. Stephen Hawking's Legacy
Embark on a captivating journey through the depths of space and the brilliant mind of one of history's most renowned scientists, Dr. Stephen Hawking. In this enlightening presentation, we delve into the enigmatic phenomenon of Black Holes, their mysterious nature, and the groundbreaking discoveries that have shaped our understanding of the universe.
Unlock the secrets of these celestial wonders as we explore topics such as the fundamental question: What is a Black Hole? Delve into the gripping tale of their discovery and unravel the intricate process of their formation. From the mind-bending structure of Black Holes to the various types that exist across the cosmos, each slide unveils a new layer of cosmic intrigue.
But what happens if someone were to venture too close, falling into the gravitational abyss of a Black Hole? Discover the scientific speculation and theories that surround this captivating scenario, offering insight into the ultimate fate of such an intrepid explorer.
Moreover, journey through the extraordinary life and groundbreaking research of Dr. Stephen Hawking, a visionary whose contributions to theoretical physics revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos. Explore the trials and triumphs of his remarkable journey, from his early years to his groundbreaking work on Black Holes and beyond.
Dark Eneary and Dark Mass
This document provides an overview of dark matter and dark energy from both observational evidence in the universe and theoretical work done at particle accelerators in laboratories. It summarizes that observational evidence shows the universe is made up of 70% dark energy, 25% dark matter, and only 5% ordinary matter. While much is known about the basic features and inventory of the universe, deep puzzles remain about reconciling gravity and quantum mechanics, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and resolving why observations of dark energy are so much smaller than theoretical predictions. The document discusses how ideas like extra dimensions, supersymmetry, and multiple compactifications in string theory attempt to address these puzzles, but that challenges remain in fully explaining dark energy and connecting theory to
Similar to Astronomers have found dark matter in a variety of environments- Name.docx (20)
Dark side ofthe_universe_public_29_september_2017_nazarbayev_shrt
Dark side ofthe_universe_public_29_september_2017_nazarbayev_shrt
Dark Stars - James Web Telescope unveiled another secret of this infinite uni...
Dark Stars - James Web Telescope unveiled another secret of this infinite uni...
Journey Through the Cosmos: Exploring Black Holes & Dr. Stephen Hawking's Leg...
Journey Through the Cosmos: Exploring Black Holes & Dr. Stephen Hawking's Leg...
More from james876543264
Astronomy 107- 1- Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature.docx
Astronomy 107:
1. Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature than hydrogen fusion?
2. What is degenerate matter? Why is it so difficult to compress?
3. Why can’t a white dwarf continue to contract as it cools? What is its fate?
4. How can a star with as much as eight solar masses form a white dwarf when it dies? (Hint: A white dwarf can be no more massive than 1.4 solar masses.)
5. How does the inward collapse of a massive star produce an outward explosion?
6. Distinguish between a Type I and a Type II supernova.
7. What is the approximate density of a white dwarf? A neutron star? Why can the neutron star be a few miles in diameter, while a white dwarf is roughly the size of earth?
8. What is the last nuclei that appear in massive star’s core? Why is it the last?
Solution
1.
helium fusion require higher temperature to overcome the greater repulsive force between the protons in helium. the repulsive force is greater because helium has two protons while the hydrogen has only one proton. at higher temperature , the protons collide efficiently and can get close enough to fuse together.
.
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO.docx
Assume that LO and HI have already been assigned as constants with LO < HI , and x has been declared as DWORD in the data segment. Also, Irvine\'s library is included, and Randomize has already been called. Which of the following code fragments will assign to x a \"random\" integer in the range [LO .. HI] ? Check all that apply.
a
push LO
push HI
call RandomRange
pop x
b
mov eax,HI
call RandomRange
mov x,eax
mov eax,LO
call RandomRange
sub x,eax
c
mov eax,HI
sub eax,LO
inc eax
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
d
mov eax,HI
mov ebx,LO
dec ebx
sub eax,ebx
call RandomRange
add eax,LO
mov x, eax
Solution
Generates an unsigned pseudo-random 32-bit integer in the range of 0 through (n-1).
Hence we can see that
Option C is the correct one as it first gets the num in range hi-lo+1 and then adds low to it
Option D is also correct it is doing the same thing
Do give a thumbs up
.
AS1- Four Condition of Deadloc- show that the four conditions of deadl.docx
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
AS1: Four Condition of Deadloc. show that the four conditions of deadlock apply to
Solution
Mutual Exclusion:
At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode, that is, only one process at a time claims exclusive control of the resource. If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released.
Hold and Wait:
Requesting process holding a resource already, while waiting for requested resources held by other processes.
No-Preemptive Condition:
Resources already allocated to a process cannot be preempted.
Circular Wait Condition:
The processes in the system form a circular list or chain where each process in the list is waiting for a resource held by the next process in the list.
.
As we know- total ownership is not a requirement for consolidation- A.docx
As we know, total ownership is not a requirement for consolidation. A parent need only gain control of another company to create a business combination. If less than 100% of a subsidiary\'s voting stock is obtained, how is the presence of the other owners reflected in consolidated financial statements? What accounting is appropriate for a noncontrolling interest? How are these figures computed and where are they reported on the consolidated statements?
Solution
When a parent acquires more than 50% but less than 100% of the voting stock of a subsidiary company, it is said to have controlling interest in that company. The remaining portion which is not acquired by the parent company is called non-controlling interest or minority interest. These are other owners whose interests are seperately reflected in the parent company\'s financial statements (balance sheet as non-controlling/minority interest).
Non-controlling interest is reported on the liabilities and stockholder\'s equity side of the balance sheet of the parent company under the head \"Equity\". It is important to note, that minority interest is recorded independently of the equity of the parent company.
Consolidated net income of the parent company and subsidiary company must be shown seperately for the parent company and minority interest in the consolidated income statement. In a similar way, the comprehensive income is also allocated between the controlling and non-controlling interest.
.
Asset Depreciation 2 2 unread replies- 2 2 replies- Answer each of the.docx
Asset Depreciation
2 2 unread replies. 2 2 replies.
Answer each of the following questions
What is the rationale for depreciating assets used in business? Do you agree with it?
Does the rationale have any implications on capital formation
Solution
1 ) Rationale for depreciating assets is that the depletion in the value of assets over the period of time due to the wear and tear of the asset . It is said to be the cost of assets allocated in the financial year according to the benefits generated by the use of the asset
2) Depreciation is a non cash expense and we traet as a expense that results in decline of profits due to which there is an accumulation of funds in the company and therefore helps in capital formation
3) Rules regarding depreciation are same for all the tax payers hence it does not favour any single group of taxpayers
4)Revenue implications : The method of depreciation adopted by the company can impact revenues . Depreciation amount will be different by any method
.
Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction.docx
Ashley Wesley is the assistant controller at the Walitin Construction Company. Walitin is headquartered in Miami, Florida, and has a general contractor
Solution
Ashley should try to investigate the matter in detail because the tips that ashley received relating to the subcontractors was very relevant for the comapny as well as stakeholders because it can misguide the stakeholders in decision making whether to invest in the company or not, excess billing or ficticious billing is an unethical business practices that was been conducted by the subcontractors . Ashley should take the matter into consideration seriously and work to overcome the problem of overbilling being done by the subcontractors . Ashley should report the tip to Roberta and together work to resolve the problem
B)Waltins hotline is the system introduced in the company where anyone either from inside or outside the company can give complaints and tips for improvement in the comapny through phones web and emails
Recommendations for improvement
A) All the tips received should be taken into consideration if there is any suspension regarding the tip received
B) Meeting should be done with the person sending tip to get details about the matter if something wrong is going on in the comapny
C) Ask the person sending tips for the supporting documents that can witness the fraudulent activity or misconduct being conducted in the company
.
Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program Write a program to fin.docx
Assembly language --- Area of a Polygon program
Write a program to find the area of any polygon given its vertexes.
Inputs:Â Â The input is the set of polygons.
Outputs:Â Â Label and print the area value for each input.
Restrictions:Â Â You are to use one-dimensional array(s) to hold vertex values.
You are to use Functions/Procedures in your implementation.
Place your input and output into a file.
Consider:  Area = ½ ? ( Xi+1 Yi - Xi Yi+1 )
Repeat the first point in the polygon in setting up the list of points for the above loop. Loop through the points in a clockwise process form point to point.
Solution
fid = fopen(\'input.txt\');
tline = fgetl(fid);
num=1;
while ischar(tline)
disp(tline)
[x,rem]=strtok(tline,\':\')
[y,rem]=strtok(rem,\':\')
a=str2num(x);
b=str2num(y);
area = 1/2*sum(a.*b([2:end,1])-b.*a([2:end,1]));
fprintf(\'Area of polygon is: %.2f\ \', area);
fileID = fopen(\'output.txt\',\'a\');
fprintf(fileID,\'%d :\',num);
fprintf(fileID,\'%f\ \',area);
fclose(fileID);
tline = fgetl(fid);
num++;
end
fclose(fid);
Note : input file should be like
[0 1 2]:[1 2 3]
where x=[0 1 2] y=[1 2 3]
.
As a transportation planner-engineer- would you implement a bus servic.docx
As a transportation planner/engineer, would you implement a bus service or a light rail service in a Completely Motorized Network Urban Structure? Provide 3 reasons for your choice.
Solution
As a transportation planner I want to improve bus service(BRT)
modern communication systems, smartcard ticketing, GPS, intelligent transport technologies and computer optimisation techniques it has become possible to serve urban transport needs with modern bus rapid transit (or high capacity bus systems) very adequately. These bus systems have the following advantages:
i) Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems can serve the needs of medium sized cities all the way up to mega cities.
ii) BRT systems can easily reach capacities of 20,000 passengers per direction per hour. These capacities are very adequate for cities which have multiple business districts and medium rise buildings. In such cities higher
capacity systems will never run at peak capacity.
iii) BRT can be implemented at a fraction of the costs involved in building metro rail transit and light rail systems. BRT systems use existing right-of-way on urban corridors and so the modifications involved do not disrupt the city significantly.
iv) A major advantage of BRT is its flexibility in meeting changes in the city development and in changes in demand in quality and quantity.
V)Rail systems can only serve a very limited area of a city. Not one developing country city subway system serves more than 10% of population. BRT systems can achieve very high coverage at low investment costs.
.
explain why glass electrode is a good example of an ion selective elec.docx
Glass electrodes are good examples of ion selective electrodes because the glass membrane has selectivity for specific single or double-charged cations like hydrogen, sodium, silver, lead, and cadmium ions. The glass membrane also has excellent chemical durability and can operate in aggressive media. A common example is the pH glass electrode, which uses a glass membrane sensitive to hydrogen ions to measure pH.
explain why galvanize steel does not rust Chlorine is added to swimmin.docx
explain why galvanize steel does not rust
Chlorine is added to swimming pools because it acts an a(n)___to kill bacteria.
Before Charles Hall developed a process of extracting it through a technique later called the Hall-Heroult process, ___ was considered more precious than gold.
Any substance that, when dssolved in water, allows the resulting solution to conduct electricity is called ____.
the electrode of an electrolytic cell from whch electrons flow back to the power source, giving it a positive charge, is called the___.
In a zinc-carbon dry cell battery, the Zn isconverted to Zn2+. therefore Zn has been___.
Solution
Q.why galvanized steel does not rust ?
Ans.galvanized Steel coated with zinc to make them corrosion resistant. Regular steel is made of iron which will rust when exposed to moisture, either in the form of rain or ambient humidiy.
2. Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking thechemical bonds in their molecules.its act as disinfectants.
3.Aluminum produced via the Hall–Héroult process, in combination with cheaper electric power, helped make aluminium (and incidentally magnesium) an inexpensive commodity rather than a precious gold
4.ny substance that, when dssolved in water, allows the resulting solution to conduct electricity is called an electrolyte.
5.the electrode of an electrolytic cell from whch electrons flow back to the power source, giving it a positive charge, is called the cathode.
6.In a zinc-carbon dry cell battery, the Zn isconverted to Zn2+. therefore Zn has been oxidized
.
Explain why in the DPCM structure- the input to the predictor P is the.docx
Explain why in the DPCM structure, the input to the predictor P is the quantized version of the original input [n] instead of the actual original input x[n]. [please i need a detailed explanation]
Solution
we go for using DPCM instead of PCM system inorder to decrease the QUANTIZATION ERROR ....we know for multiplexing point of view channel bandwidth should be as high as possible and the signal bandwidth is as low as possible for more number of signals to be transmitted via the same channel ...in PCM system direct input is applied to sampler after encoder block and sampled values are given to quantizer those quantized values are given to decoder via regenerative repeaters and then to the receiver at the receiver input we have probability of error because of quantization distortion called the quantization error ( Q e )
quantization error varies between -(delta)/2 to +(delta)/2
here delta is called the step size
delta= (signal amplitude (peak to peak)) /2 n and band width in PCM = 1/T b
where as T b = T S /n
as signal ammplitude increases quantization error increases ,
so for decresing the Q e either the value of n is increased or the signal amplitude should bd decreased
if we increase n value the bandwidth of a signal will increases multiplexing point of view which is a drawback
so we go for DPCM system in which we are applying difference amplitude
means difference of present sample value - previous sample value so numerator of step size decreases
the Qe value also decreases so for reducing of quantization error we are using DPCM insted of PCM
.
explain Westminster system- explain Westminster system- explain We.docx
explain Westminster system?
explain Westminster system?
explain Westminster system?
Solution
Answer:
The Westminster System is a democratic system of government modelled after that of the United Kingdom, as used in the Palace of Westminster, the location of the UK parliament. The system is a series of conventions and procedures for operating a legislature. It is used, or was once also used, in most Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth nations. There are other parliamentary systems, for example those of various European countries, whose procedures differ considerably from the Westminster system.
Aspects of the Westminster system include:
Most of the procedures of the Westminster system originated with the conventions, practices and precedents of the UK parliament, which are a part of what is known as the British constitution. Unlike the UK, most countries which use the Westminster system have codified the system in a written constitution.
.
Explain what anSolutionAn intervention is a deliberate process by whic.docx
Explain what an
Solution
An intervention is a deliberate process by which change is introduced into peoples thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The overall objective of an intervention is to confront a person in a non-threatening way and allow them to see their self-destructive behavior, and how it affects themselves, family and friends. It usually involves several people who have prepared themselves to talk to a person who has been engaging in some sort of self-destructive behavior. In a clear and respectful way, they inform the person of factual information regarding his or her behavior and how it may have affected them. The immediate objective of an intervention is for the self-destructive person to listen and to accept help.
Intervention can be used in various settings depending on the need of the organization.
Survey feedback intervention provides data and information to all the managers. Information related to the attitude, structure, working conditions will be included in the survey. Managers analyze the data pertaining to each and every employee and takes appropriate action. They try to analyze the problem, evaluate the result and correct the problem.
Key considerations include:
1) involvement of organizational decision makers,
2) development of a situation change model, and
3) use of evaluative methods and measures that corroborate evidence of outcomes.
.
Explain what is meant by the statement that a preferred stock is a hyb.docx
Explain what is meant by the statement that a preferred stock is a hybrid between a common stock and a bond. What factors determine the value of a share of preferred stock?
Solution
Preferred stock is featured as its name that is preference . Preferred stock is always given preference over common stock that is they are the first one to claim their right on the income of the company either at the time of distribution of income or at the time of the liquidation of the company , this is the main difference between the preferred stock and the common stock . Preferred stock is also considered as a type of bond due to its feature of fixed income and repay characteristic at the time of maturity these are the reason ehy the preferred stock is considered as a hybrid between common stock and a bond
Factors determining valuation of preferred stock
1) Fixed dividend: Holders of preferred stock treat it as a investment that gives them fixed income in the form of dividend like bond gives fixed interest
2) Market interest rates: Preferred stocks are also a type of bond hence market interest rates plays a important role in the valuation of preferred stock , if market interest rate is down then preference rate increases and it the market interest rate is high then the preference rate goes down
3) Structure: Whether the preferred stock is convertible or non convertible also plays a great role in the valuation of the preferred sock
.
Explain the weaknesses of the OOA-OOD focusing only on Use-cases and C.docx
Explain the weaknesses of the OOA/OOD focusing only on Use-cases and Class Diagram Design using CRC cards without using State Diagrams.
Solution
Object-oriented analysis (OOA) and design (OOD) are techniques which have evolved since 1988 to support the creation of object-oriented software targeted at languages like Smalltalk, C++ and Eiffel.
A contrast is drawn between the older structured systems analysis and design and the newer OOA&D. The aims and goals of SSA&D are different from the aims and goals of OOA&D.
A large number of OO methods for analysis and design have been put forward. These can roughly be categorised as:
relationship and attribute centred approaches (Shlaer/Mellor, Coad/Yourdon)
behaviour centred approaches (OBA, RDD)
high industrial profile approaches (OMT, Booch)
synthesized approaches (Objectory, Fusion)
No one approach has all the best techniques
Very few approaches cover all aspects in equal depth
Complexity and Abstraction
A look at the psychology behind human conceptual activity.
Complexity
Software is among the most complex of human artefacts.
few material constraints, contrast bridge designs;
arbitrary reconstructions, contrast building designs;
Abstraction
Abstraction is the tool we use to encapsulate complexity:
higher abstractions introduced to reduce complexity;
certain aspects of problem highlighted;
certain aspects of problem suppressed.
.
Explain two Principle of locality used in Memory Hierarchy-SolutionHie.docx
Explain two Principle of locality used in Memory Hierarchy.
Solution
Hierarchical memory is a hardware optimization that takes the benefits of spatial and temporal locality and can be used on several levels of the memory hierarchy. Paging obviously benefits from temporal and spatial locality. A cache is a simple example of exploiting temporal locality, because it is a specially designed, faster but smaller memory area, generally used to keep recently referenced data and data near recently referenced data, which can lead to potential performance increases.
Principle of Locality: Memory Hierarchies :-
Temporal locality- Recently accessed items will be accessed in the near future.
Temporal locality is found in instruction loops, data stacks and variable accesses. If at one point a particular memory location is referenced, then it is likely that the same location will be referenced again in the near future. There is a temporal proximity between the adjacent references to the same memory location. In this case it is common to make efforts to store a copy of the referenced data in special memory storage, which can be accessed faster. Temporal locality is a special case of spatial locality, namely when the prospective location is identical to the present location.
Spatial locality - Items at addresses close to the addresses of recently accessed items will be accessed in the near future.
Spatial locality describes the characteristic that programs access a number of distinct regions. If a particular storage location is referenced at a particular time, then it is likely that nearby memory locations will be referenced in the near future. In this case it is common to attempt to guess the size and shape of the area around the current reference for which it is worthwhile to prepare faster access
.
Explain the use of directives in configuration files- Provide an examp.docx
Explain the use of “directives” in configuration files. Provide an example of two directives found in an Apache configuration file and detail what each accomplishes.
Solution
The configuration files contain directives that can be applied to the entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular directories, files, hosts, or URLs.
HTTP Server of Apache is configured by putting or placing directives in plain text configuration files. Configuration file httpd.conf is called main configuration file. During compile time its location is set, but command line flag -f is used if it\'s need to be overridden ever.Directive \"Include\" is used to add other configuration files ,likewise wildcards can also be used to add many configuration files.Any of these configuration files can be used to place any of the directives,httpd is used to recognised if any of the changes is made in main configuration file when it is started or restarted. The <If Define>directive encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate parameter is defined on the httpdcommand line.
The < IfModule>directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will only be applied if a particular module is available in the server. The module must either be statically compiled in the server, or it must be dynamically compiled and its LoadModule line must be earlier in the configuration file. This directive should only be used if you need your configuration file to work whether or not certain modules are installed. It should not be used to enclose directives that you want to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages about missing modules.
.
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages.docx
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
Solution
Explain the steps needed to configure RIPng and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using link-state routing protocols.
steps:
1) enable : in this it will ask you for your password
2) configur terminal: it will give access in internation configure mode
3) ROUTING : IT ENABLE ROUTING OF THE SPECIFIC DEVICE
4) vrf definition: it configures the routing and get into vrf configure mode
5) address :enter vrf address
6) exit :it will exit exit from vrf address
7) exit: it exit from vrf configure mode
8) mode enable: it give access to vrf
9) rip process: creates the routing process
10) EXIT: exit from rtr mode and get into gobal configure mode
11 )interface: here we will specify the interface type
12) vrf forwarding : it combine to specific interface routing object
13) enable : it will enable routing process
14) enable : it will start enabling routing process on interface
15) end: here it will exit form interface
advantages:
1.it uses the updated information for best posiible routing
2.the size of the database can be minimized
3.there will clear vision for for evry router
4.about the network so its difficult to routing loops
disadvantages:
1.there is a need of perfect netwrok design
2.there is aneed of higher memory
3.setup of link state protocol is expensive
.
Explain the motivation behind using a header file for a C program-Solu.docx
Explain the motivation behind using a header file for a C program.
Solution
Motivation behind using header file in c Programming:
Header files contain definitions of functions and variables which can be included into any c program by using #include.
Compilation speed up and optimization :During compilation of some parts of the code it may be sufficient to load API interfaces from header files to check correctness of the code used while defining them.
-2. The motivation for the introduction of header files is type safety. C allows function calls without forward declaration. Logically speaking using functions without forward declaration is as harmful as using Macros as compilers has no proper mechanism to validate the type of the arguments with the parameters. So chances of unresolved linkage errors and runtime failure is more prominent.
3. Header files are more like data abstraction, you just see the important components and you don\'t need to know the background process.
4. To reduce overhead of RAM....the functions or classes defined in these header files are already compiled so they can be directly used .
5.Including a header allows your code to call functions or methods which are written elsewhere and which may or may not be a part of your software project/build, but which can be found by the \'linker\' when you are building the software.
6. Header files are mainly used to declare and include the signatures (i.e. function name, return value and arguments) of your functions in other files. The compiler needs to know these signatures when compiling and linking your files together.
.
Explain the importance of using the typedef keyword then write a C ++.docx
The typedef keyword is used to create aliases for existing data types in C and C++ to simplify declarations and provide descriptive type names. It allows defining a new type called "string" as an alias for another type like char[] or std::string to simplify declarations and make code more readable. Typedefs can make code easier to change by abstracting the underlying types used.
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As a transportation planner-engineer- would you implement a bus servic.docx
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explain why glass electrode is a good example of an ion selective elec.docx
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explain why galvanize steel does not rust Chlorine is added to swimmin.docx
explain why galvanize steel does not rust Chlorine is added to swimmin.docx
Explain why in the DPCM structure- the input to the predictor P is the.docx
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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