The document discusses the use of rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies in Malaysia. It notes that Malaysia receives high amounts of rainfall annually but faces challenges in water supply. Rainwater tanks collect rainwater runoff from rooftops to store for later use and supplement conventional water sources. The document outlines benefits like reducing water bills and demand on supplies. It also discusses advantages such as low maintenance and costs. However, high initial investment costs, need for regular maintenance, and uncertain water quality are disadvantages to consider.
Workshop 7: Building Partnerships and Alliances to Scale Up Climate-smart and Adaptation Solutions in the Caribbeanat The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
Design Criteria
•Water efficient fittings and appliances
•On-site water capture and reuse
•Water supply flow rates optimised to balance required performance and conservation
•Local retention of stormwater runoff, stormwater treatment train with consideration of raingardens, roofgardens and swales
•Wastewater minimised and/or reused; information on water use readily available
•In-house water supply flow rate optimised
•Plumbing system designed for water and energy efficiency
•Site design recognition of local soil and climate conditions and low water use garden design applied.
Presentation tries to look at the role and importance of water as a scarce and valuable commodity which needs to be preserved and conserved in the context of built environment
Workshop 7: Building Partnerships and Alliances to Scale Up Climate-smart and Adaptation Solutions in the Caribbeanat The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
Design Criteria
•Water efficient fittings and appliances
•On-site water capture and reuse
•Water supply flow rates optimised to balance required performance and conservation
•Local retention of stormwater runoff, stormwater treatment train with consideration of raingardens, roofgardens and swales
•Wastewater minimised and/or reused; information on water use readily available
•In-house water supply flow rate optimised
•Plumbing system designed for water and energy efficiency
•Site design recognition of local soil and climate conditions and low water use garden design applied.
Presentation tries to look at the role and importance of water as a scarce and valuable commodity which needs to be preserved and conserved in the context of built environment
Smart Water Solution Using Internet of Things (IoT)Vinay Gor
Smart Water Solutions using Internet of Things(IoT)
Project Overview
•The purpose of this project is to have a smarter way of water management in order to conserve water resources and energy.
•Water utilization requirement can be met by conserving and storing the Rain Water. Rainwater harvesting is a process or technique of collecting, storing and using rainwater for domestic and various other purposes. Harvesting rainwater allows us to better utilize an energy resource and reduces water bills.
•Proper maintenance of water outlets, their proper scheduling of repairing is must in order to reduce the water losses to leakages and breakages.
•Optimized the energy consumption requirement for pumping water. This can be achieved by ensuring a right combination of pumping configuration.
•Predictive analytics techniques can be used for getting the right amount of water at the right destination for the right duration.
•This project was implemented in Java with the help and Ecosystem model and object-oriented database model : Db4o.
•This project answers various Business Intelligence questions with the use of Graphs, Pie Charts and PDF reports using JFreeChart API.
Presentation is an attempt to showcase role and importance of water as a gift of nature and as critical element for the sustainability of humanity, flora and fauna, and needs to be preserved, protected, promoted so as to make it universally available to all living organsim occupying space on this planet
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Ms Neeta Sharma, MD, IAPMO India, gave presentation on water conservation and water efficient products in India at CII-IGBC 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur
Abstract
Water is vital to all forms of life on the Earth, from plants through to animals and humankind. Lack of access to fresh drinking water is one of the major and important constraints to health and development in many countries. Rainwater harvesting refers to the collection and storage of rain. It is still popular in places with limited water resources. Recent drought in a rainy climate throughout the world remind how quickly other countries can run short of water. Since Malaysia has high rainfall intensity, it does not means that Malaysian should not worry about scarcity of water supply. Even the annual rainfall is high and sufficient enough to be consumed, most of the rainwater tend to flow away. The environmental issue such as flooding, global warming and pollution are getting serious day by day due to a rapid development processes in Malaysia. To pursue the need for a more sustainable development, it is possible to implement rainwater harvesting which has been recognized as one of the innovative solutions as an alternative water supply for non-, portable purposes. Designing water harvesting systems into new construction allows the homeowner to be more elaborate and thorough in developing a system. In the case of very simple systems, the payback period may be almost immediate. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential of rainfall to be stored for domestic use and design the rainwater harvesting system using gravitational force suitable for the selected house in Kota Samarahan area. It has been shown that the rainwater harvesting system can support the water demand of the selected house throughout a year even during the dry season. The cost of installation and yearly maintenance for proposed rainwater harvesting is lowered by 59.16 percent as compared with similar rainwater system which is installed on the ground level.
Keywords: Water, Rainwater harvesting, Water harvesting system, Demand and Storage capacity
Smart Water Solution Using Internet of Things (IoT)Vinay Gor
Smart Water Solutions using Internet of Things(IoT)
Project Overview
•The purpose of this project is to have a smarter way of water management in order to conserve water resources and energy.
•Water utilization requirement can be met by conserving and storing the Rain Water. Rainwater harvesting is a process or technique of collecting, storing and using rainwater for domestic and various other purposes. Harvesting rainwater allows us to better utilize an energy resource and reduces water bills.
•Proper maintenance of water outlets, their proper scheduling of repairing is must in order to reduce the water losses to leakages and breakages.
•Optimized the energy consumption requirement for pumping water. This can be achieved by ensuring a right combination of pumping configuration.
•Predictive analytics techniques can be used for getting the right amount of water at the right destination for the right duration.
•This project was implemented in Java with the help and Ecosystem model and object-oriented database model : Db4o.
•This project answers various Business Intelligence questions with the use of Graphs, Pie Charts and PDF reports using JFreeChart API.
Presentation is an attempt to showcase role and importance of water as a gift of nature and as critical element for the sustainability of humanity, flora and fauna, and needs to be preserved, protected, promoted so as to make it universally available to all living organsim occupying space on this planet
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Ms Neeta Sharma, MD, IAPMO India, gave presentation on water conservation and water efficient products in India at CII-IGBC 15th Green Building Congress 2017 event at Jaipur
Abstract
Water is vital to all forms of life on the Earth, from plants through to animals and humankind. Lack of access to fresh drinking water is one of the major and important constraints to health and development in many countries. Rainwater harvesting refers to the collection and storage of rain. It is still popular in places with limited water resources. Recent drought in a rainy climate throughout the world remind how quickly other countries can run short of water. Since Malaysia has high rainfall intensity, it does not means that Malaysian should not worry about scarcity of water supply. Even the annual rainfall is high and sufficient enough to be consumed, most of the rainwater tend to flow away. The environmental issue such as flooding, global warming and pollution are getting serious day by day due to a rapid development processes in Malaysia. To pursue the need for a more sustainable development, it is possible to implement rainwater harvesting which has been recognized as one of the innovative solutions as an alternative water supply for non-, portable purposes. Designing water harvesting systems into new construction allows the homeowner to be more elaborate and thorough in developing a system. In the case of very simple systems, the payback period may be almost immediate. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential of rainfall to be stored for domestic use and design the rainwater harvesting system using gravitational force suitable for the selected house in Kota Samarahan area. It has been shown that the rainwater harvesting system can support the water demand of the selected house throughout a year even during the dry season. The cost of installation and yearly maintenance for proposed rainwater harvesting is lowered by 59.16 percent as compared with similar rainwater system which is installed on the ground level.
Keywords: Water, Rainwater harvesting, Water harvesting system, Demand and Storage capacity
Since our inception, our clients have driven AdMore to the forefront of the executive retail, hospitality, leisure and consumer recruitment markets.
Why us? Our expertise, our network, our long term focus in all commercial activities, our fundamental belief that relationships matter underpinned by our effective process management
Augmented Reality (AR) is replacing user manuals at an increasing rate. This is seen extensively in the automotive and aerospace markets where AR viewed with a smartphone or tablet delivers maintenance information. Projected savings for using AR coupled with wearable
technology is in the billions for the field service industry alone. With the expected growth in AR and our already compatible devices, customers will expect it. This session focuses on the future of AR in the field of technical communications. The topics discussed in this session
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Easy Rainwater Harvesting Techniques India Water Portal.pdfIndia Water Portal
Rainwater harvesting techniques are vital for sustainable water management, and at India Water Portal, we're committed to sharing the most effective methods. Our blog delves into various strategies, from simple setups for residential use to advanced systems for commercial purposes. Explore innovative approaches like rooftop rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge, along with traditional methods adapted to modern needs. With our expert insights, you'll learn how to harness nature's gift effectively, ensuring water security for generations to come. Join us on India Water Portal to discover practical solutions that empower communities and protect our precious water resources.
If you are trying to buy a water collection tank? McMahon Concrete offers the Agricultural industries a wide selection of precast concrete rainwater harvesting tanks solutions. Rainwater harvesting tanks are designed specifically for collecting rainwater and are an excellent way to reduce your reliance on municipal water sources. Our tanks are available in various sizes and materials and can be above or below ground. Visit our website for more information and start harvesting rainwater today!
Roof-Top rainwater harvesting system for official / multistoried building wit...IJERA Editor
Rain water harvesting is received increased attention world wide as an alternative source of water. Roof-top rain water harvesting system is looked upon as one of the most feasible and economical ways of water conservation. With increasing problem of water scarcity, planning and designing roof top rain water harvesting is gaining wider importance to meet ever-increasing water demand, encouraging use of water or more sustainable basis. The rain water harvesting is the simple collection or storing of water for the domestic or the agriculture purpose. The method of rain water harvesting has been into practice since ancient times. The method is simple and cost effective too. Malda district of West Bengal is badly affected by Arsenic contamination in ground water. The present study finds its usefulness in developing awareness towards judicious use of water among masses and efficient ways to harvest roof top rain water resources at institutional / multistoried buildings in Malda district.
Water conservation refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes like domestic usage, industries, agriculture etc. This technical article highlights most of the popular methods of water conservation. A special note on rainwater harvesting is also provided.
List of Water Management_Saving Methods for Apartment Construction Plan in ch...Ishahomes
List of Water Management/Saving Methods for Apartment Construction Plan in chennai
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2. Greywater System in Apartments
Looking to save on your water bill? Consider using greywater in your home. Greywater is wastewater from non-toilet plumbing fixtures, like sinks, washing machines and showers. This type of water is generally easier to recycle than blackwater, because it contains fewer contaminants. The method and standard of treatment will depend on the size of your system. To avoid confusion with potable water, make sure all pipes and supply points in your greywater system are clearly labeled. With proper care, a greywater system can help you save up to 40% on your yearly water bill.
3. STP System/ Wastewater Recycling
Wastewater recycling is crucial for preserving our water resources. There are two main types of wastewater – greywater and blackwater. Greywater is easier to treat and recycle than blackwater, which contains harmful bacteria that can cause disease. In order to save our communities from the dangers of raw sewage, one should build wastewater treatment plants and enforce laws against its release into the environment. These treatment plants help us recycle blackwater, making it safe to use again. In recent years, it has been evident that there has been an increasing interest in wastewater reuse as a key part of water conservation efforts. If your society banded together to invest in a sewage treatment plant (STP), it could mean an end to water scarcity and the recycling of water 365 days a year. To make this happen, you would need to get consent for operation from your municipal corporation and employ qualified staff to oversee standard operating procedures. However, if you invested in an eco-friendly STP that uses anaerobic methods and requires little energy, mimicking natural processes, then you could make a huge impact without using diesel or polluting the environment.
Continue reading on https://www.ishahomes.com/blog/water-management-at-apartments-chennai/
We declare that the Case Studies entitled
“1. A case study on Rain Water Harvestment.
2. Studies on the ecological impacts of Kolleru lake (Eutrophication).
3 . A case study on Vanasamrakshana programme by Government of Andhra Pradesh
4. A case study on present condition of agricultural lands in Andhra Pradesh capital region.
5. A case study on tribal evacuation and impact on indigenous knowledge”
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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1. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
The Use of Rainwater Tanks to Supplement Water Supplies: Urban
Water Issue Assignment
Sharifah Nur Azureen Binti Wan Osmani (4224698)
Tang Sieu Wei (4239547)
4224698@students.swinburne.edu.my
4239547@students.swiburne.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies is an innovative technology where it can directly
benefits our state by reducing demand on water supply, save money, save energy and so on
There are a lot of advantages and as well as disadvantages in implement this method. The use
rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies are suitable to implement a sustainable water usage
practice in Malaysia.
KEYWORD
Rainwater Tanks; Sustainable; Water Supplies; Rainfall; Sarawak; Rainwater Harvesting
System
INTRODUCTION
Malaysia has one of the highest rainfalls in the world at an annual average close to 3,000mm for
west Malaysia and 4,500mm for Sabah and Sarawak. However, this does not mean that the
country has unlimited access to supplies clean water. The challenge now is for the water industry
in Malaysia to overcome the paradox which more flooding occurs and irregular supply of water
for consumer. A rainwater tank is a water tank which is used to collect and store rain water
runoff, typically from rooftops goes through the rain gutters. Rainwater tanks are devices for
collecting and maintaining harvested rain. Rainwater harvesting has thus regained its importance
as a valuable alternative or supplementary water resource, along with more conventional water
supply technologies. Rainwater tanks are installed to make use of rain water for later use, reduce
mains water use for economics or environmental reasons, and aid self-sufficiency. The capacity
of a harvesting system depends on the amount of rainfall, size of collection area, storage
capacity, and the household level of demand for water.
Sharifah Nur Azureen
Tang Sieu Wei 1
2. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
METHODS AND DISCUSSION
(1.0)Review of the selected topics
There are many ways to implement a sustainable water usage practice in Malaysia and one of
them are the use of rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies. The reason we choose this
topic as urban water issue assignment is because Malaysia is one of the country that received
highest rainfalls amount of rainwater in the world that is annual average close to 3000mm for
west Malaysia and 4500mm for Sabah and Sarawak. This fact shows that Malaysia is suitable for
the rainfall harvesting technology to achieve a sustainable water usage practice.
Besides, among all the other topics available, we think that this topic is the best to implement a
sustainable water usage practice in Malaysia because this is a simple practical method to
supplement water supplies whereas every house will be able to do this by themselves and
practice this method in saving water and one step ahead to achieve the awareness of Malaysian to
be sustainable in usage of water.
(2.0)Benefits
Rainwater acts as sustainable water supply option where rainwater can be utilized alone or
together with other supply sources in residential, commercial and industrial projects where pure
water is desired. Rainwater collected by rainwater tanks is suitable to use when there is a
uniform rainfall pattern in the area and even though a few days without rain, we still have a
reliable alternative water source nearby. Stored water can be used when the dry season
happening, when the groundwater is limited and contaminated, electricity and water prices are
rising, when storms and disaster strike and for bushfire prevention purposes.
Rainwater can be used throughout the year for all domestic purposes. For example, rainwater is
used for gardening, drinking, washing car, and other. The available water should be well
managed and make sure that have enough storage capacity to bridge the dry period or where
good quality water supplies are limited.
Besides that, rainwater storage can be provided for bushfire prevention purposes. One of the
benefits is to access the mains water to encourage the conservation of water. Installing a
rainwater tank will reduce the average household bill significantly. Rainwater tanks are the best
solution to the water restrictions during the current times of drought. In addition, in rural areas,
rainwater is usually unpolluted before reaching the ground. It means that the rainwater from
well-maintained roof catchments is most commonly safe for drinking. The rainwater are also
ideal for consumers that must restrict salt or chlorine intake because most of the tap water are
already mix the chlorine inside the water and this might not be good for the consumer.
2 The Use of Rainwater Tanks to Supplement Water Supplies: Urban Water Issue Assignment
3. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
(3.0) Advantages
Rainwater harvesting is a popular household option as the water source is close by, convenient
and requires a minimum of energy to collect it. The users can maintain and control the household
systems without the need to rely on the other members of the community. Operation and
maintenance of a household catchment system are solely by the tank owner’s family at any
times. As such, this is a good alternative to poor maintenance and monitoring of a centralized
piped water supply, this is the advantages that use of rainwater tanks to supplement water
supplies. Rainwater harvesting systems have been implemented successfully since almost all
roofing materials is suitable for collecting rainwater.
Rainwater harvesting is a simple low-cost technique that requires minimum specific expertise
and offers many benefits. The rainwater tanks built is no demands on public funds and can save
the cost. It can provide an important source in some places that relatively high rainfall spread
throughout the year. Water supplies from rainwater tank are more convenient than water which
needs to be carried. Collected rainwater can supplement other water sources when they become
scarce or are of low quality. It also provides a good alternative and replacement in times of
drought or when the water table drops and wells go dry.
Besides that, rainwater tanks can be found in all the great civilizations nowadays. The
construction of rainwater tanks can be very simple and local people can easily be trained to build
by themselves. It can reduce costs and encourages more participation, ownership and
sustainability at community levels. One 20-litre container of clean rainwater collected from the
roof can save a walk of many kilometers to the nearest clean water resources. Besides small
containers, large sub-surface and surface tanks also can be used for collecting larger amounts of
rainwater.
The use of rainwater from water tanks is a useful alternative when many piped water supply
systems fail to increased need for water results in lower groundwater tables and depleted
reservoirs. The availability of water from sources such as lakes, rivers and shallow groundwater
can fluctuate strongly. Collecting and storing rainwater can provide water for domestic use in
periods of water storage. Rainwater can be used for multiple purposes such as watering gardens,
washing cars, flushing toilets, agriculture, and in washing machines. It also can be used for
drinking especially when other water supplies are unavailable, expensive or poor quality, and
that safety measurement is taken that the water is not contaminated or the water is periodically
filtered. Rainwater may also provide a solution when the water quantity is low during the dry
season in rivers or other surface water resources.
One of the advantages of collecting and storing rainwater it is to improves the accessibility and
convenience of water supplies and has a positive impact on health. So, rainwater is generally of
good quality and better than other available or traditional sources. Other advantages of use
rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies are low environment impact. Rainwater is a
renewable resources and no damage to the environment. Rainwater is also not affected by local
geology or topography. Rainwater collection always provides an alternative wherever rain falls.
Sharifah Nur Azureen
Tang Sieu Wei 3
4. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
(4.0) Disadvantages
Some of the disadvantages of using rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies are high initial
investment cost, regular maintenance, storage capacity limits the supply, insecure water quality,
uncertain climate, and some other factors.
The high initial investment cost is one of the disadvantages of using rainwater tanks as an
additional water supply because the cost of constructing the rainfall harvesting system is high
and no profit is obtained until the system is complete and can be used or the cost of the tank and
associated accessories can be high compared to the cost of mains water actually saved. The
payback period is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment and this is
depend on the size of tank, the volume it can cater, the total rainfall collected, the costing, the
assumption of usage daily and so on. After all the assumption and calculation had been
determined, then the payback period is known. If the payback period of the investment is in long
time, then the adjustment need to be made and we can say that the system is more expensive than
using the main water stream.
Next, the water used for harvesting is full of pollutants which can lead to health issues and this
polluted environment will result in increasing amount of nitrates and fluorides in the water and
bacteriological contamination levels will rise in water. The contaminations of bacteriological
levels rise such that the water inside the tank is exposed to the sunlight which can stimulate algae
growth. Plastic tank for example may allow light to penetrate in and to avoid this, the plastic
should be kept out of the sun or painted with dark color. Besides the contamination of
bacteriological, the need to prevent insect vectors from breeding inside the tank is crucial. By
providing water tanks without any care for prevention from insect breeding can cause problems
than it can be settle, for example, an area where the malaria might present is very dangerous,
safety and care should be taken to prevent this situation from happen. The precautions that can
be take is all the tanks should be sealed to prevent the insect from entering and breeding inside
the water tank. For more safety, the mosquito proof screen can be fitted to the opening of the
tanks.
Rainwater can also be used for drinking and cooking but there are some highest possible
standards are met. However, rainwater does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO)
water quality guidelines but this does not mean that water is not safe to be drink. Gould and
Nissen-Peterson (1999), in their book, point out that the Australian government have given the
all clear for the consumption of rainwater ‘provided the rainwater is clear, has little taste or
smell, and is from a well-maintained system.’ But as we know, the microbial quality of water
collected in tanks is not as good as the urban supplies and for a limited area that has a heavy
traffic and the industrial area, the chemical released may affect the chemical quality of rainwater
and this is not good for health especially the young one. However, there are some
recommendation and aspect that we need to consider when one person want to make rainwater as
drinking water supplies, we should boil the water to 100 degree Celsius to make sure the harmful
bacteria do not present anymore. Next, adding chlorine to the rainwater in a right quantity will
disinfect the water.
4 The Use of Rainwater Tanks to Supplement Water Supplies: Urban Water Issue Assignment
5. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
Moreover, the limited space is one of the disadvantages for using rainwater tank to supplement
water supplies in daily life. Adoption of this technology requires a high cost and space area
which making it less attractive to some governmental agencies to use this technology and
become sustainable. This are also the reason many people just used the tap water instead of
rainwater because they do not have to provide a space for the rainwater tank. However this will
not be a problem to a individual or a residents area to use this technology because each house
only require small amount of water compare to the governmental agencies and this does not
include for drinking but only for washing, car wash, gardening, and so on. Generally, the bigger
the catchment area, the bigger space required and the larger amount of rainwater can be
collected.
Next, the regular maintenance is required when installing the rainwater harvesting system for the
good flow of the water from the catchment area then through the pipe until it reached the tank.
Some of the debris may block the flow of rainwater to the tank and this may affect the amount of
water collected and the hygiene if no maintenance is done. The water from water tap is readily
available in any hour and we as a consumer do not have to do a regular maintenance for the
water and this can save many times and save budget. The maintenance is not only cleaning the
debris periodically but it is also required the maintenance in the material used where some of the
materials may worn out in time and this also need a cost to maintain it in a good condition.
Even though the regular maintenance is often and causing a lot in cash, the payback period can
be achieved in a short period of time, hence, this method is not actually a bad idea at all for
making the rainwater tank as the supplement for the water supply.
The other disadvantages of using rainwater as the supplement water supply is the inconsistency
in climate, even though Malaysia received a huge number of rainfall amounts, it does not mean
that the rainfalls amount is the same everyday and there will be rain daily. From the observation
obtained from Malaysia Metrological Department, the records for the monthly rainfall amount
are different for all the states and division, for example for December 2010 and January 2011,
the rainfall amount received in Kuching is 350mm (December) and 700mm (January); figure 1
and 2. As we all know, the La Nina phenomenon that Is still active in January had causing most
area in Peninsular, Sabah and Sarawak were still experiencing wet weather and received total
rainfall from average to very much above the monthly average. Whereas for December, the
Northeast monsoon were still in active phase of this season lasts from November to
January and during this season period, the east coast of peninsula, the coast of Sarawak and
eastern coast of Sabah would experiencing a few comprehensive heavy rain that go continuously
as long as three days as results from the surge monsoon. However, for Sarawak specifically for
Kuching the rainfall amount are in normal distribution. From this fact, obviously, we can see that
the inconsistency of rainfall for every month which can result an insufficient amount of water
when the rainfall amount per month is small.
Lastly, there are also other disadvantage such as the rainwater tank may be dangerous to children
who play around it and the rainwater harvesting system are often not part of the building code
and lack clear guidelines for users or developers to follows and others.
CONCLUSION
Sharifah Nur Azureen
Tang Sieu Wei 5
6. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
In conclusion, the usage of rainwater tanks to supplement water supplies is the best choice to
implement a sustainable water usage in practice in Malaysia. The rainwater acts as the alternative
water supply for the daily usage such as domestic purposes, emergency purpose and even for the
commercial purposes. This method is convenient, cost-efficient for small area covered and
requires a minimum of energy to collect the rainwater. This method is also suitable for the rural
area where the access of clean water may be insufficient and it is an easy installed system. On
top of all, rainwater tank to supplement water supplies is a suitable method to implement a
sustainable water usage practice for Malaysian.
REFERENCES
6 The Use of Rainwater Tanks to Supplement Water Supplies: Urban Water Issue Assignment
7. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
Agua (2010), Agua solution : Fundamentals of rainwater harvesting,
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APPENDICES
Sharifah Nur Azureen
Tang Sieu Wei 7
8. HES 3112 –Water Resource Engineering 2011
Figure 1: Rainfall Amount (January 2011)
Figure 2: Rainfall Amount (December 2011)
8 The Use of Rainwater Tanks to Supplement Water Supplies: Urban Water Issue Assignment