This document discusses language assessment targets and proficiency levels. It introduces the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), which established international standards for language learning, teaching, and assessment. The CEFR describes language abilities through 6 proficiency levels from A1 to C2. It also uses "can do" statements to outline the communication skills learners have at each level without focusing on grammar. The document then explains how major English tests, like the TOEFL and IELTS, develop assessment targets based on the CEFR levels and proficiency descriptors.