Asian spice in europe
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1. Spices were highly valuable commodities in medieval Europe due to their scarcity and difficulty to obtain, fueling myths about their origins. 2. European powers including Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and England competed to monopolize the lucrative spice trade, carving up territories through agreements like the Treaty of Tordesillas. 3. The Dutch eventually came to dominate the 17th century spice trade world through controlling key ports and islands that produced spices, such as capturing Malacca and the Moluccas from the Portuguese and British.
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Indonesian Cullinary
ASEAN SPICE IN EUROPE
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End of period spices
European countries smuggled spices out of Indonesia and other parts of Asia between the 16th-18th centuries after the Portuguese and Dutch lost control over the spice trade. Spices like cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and pepper were successfully transported to places like Brazil, Mauritius, Penang, Singapore and the Caribbean where plantations were established. By the mid-18th century, cinnamon had spread to British colonies and spices became more common and cheaper commodities rather than exclusive luxury goods. As culinary tastes in Europe shifted toward local foods and spices lost their medical, social, and spiritual significance, they were no longer symbols of status in Europe.
History of spices and herbs
Spices have been traded for thousands of years along routes connecting South Asia, the Middle East, and East Asia. Arab and Indian merchants facilitated land routes through the Middle East and India, while Indonesian merchants traveled throughout Asia and East Africa. The Portuguese took control of sea routes in the 15th century, reducing Europe's reliance on Venetian merchants for spices. The discovery of the Americas in the late 15th century introduced new spices like vanilla, chili peppers, and chocolate to Europe. Today, India and Indonesia are the largest exporters of spices, with pepper being the most widely traded.
A short history of spices
Spices have played an important role in history, fueling exploration and trade for centuries. They were highly valued commodities in ancient times and drove expeditions by figures like Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama seeking sources. Arab traders introduced spices to Europe and controlled the trade routes until the 15th century, when Portuguese navigators discovered a sea route to India, breaking the Arab monopoly and ushering in European colonialism in Asia focused on controlling the spice trade. The Dutch later gained dominance over the spice trade in the 17th century through their control of the Spice Islands.
European exploration
The Columbian Exchange resulted in the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. This large-scale biological and cultural exchange included crops, livestock, commodities, technologies, cultures, languages and peoples between the Americas and the Old World.
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1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
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Here are some key explorers and their voyages:
- Christopher Columbus - Sailed for Spain in 1492, thinking he would reach Asia but landed in the Bahamas in the Caribbean, initiating European colonization of the Americas.
- Vasco da Gama - The first European to reach India by sea, arriving in Calicut in 1498 for Portugal, opening direct trade routes to Asia.
- Ferdinand Magellan - Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe for Spain from 1519 to 1522, though he was killed in the Philippines before completing the entire voyage.
- Amerigo Vespucci - Explored the east coast of South America on voyages from 1499 to 150
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During the Middle Ages, the Crusades exposed Europeans to goods from Asia, inspiring them to search for a water route to trade directly with India and China and avoid Middle Eastern merchants. This led to the Age of Exploration, where explorers like Columbus sailed west to reach Asia but instead discovered new lands, spreading European colonization and causing an exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World and New World. European nations established colonies in North America throughout the 1500s-1600s to control the natural resources of the New World.
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End of period spices
European countries smuggled spices out of Indonesia and other parts of Asia between the 16th-18th centuries after the Portuguese and Dutch lost control over the spice trade. Spices like cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and pepper were successfully transported to places like Brazil, Mauritius, Penang, Singapore and the Caribbean where plantations were established. By the mid-18th century, cinnamon had spread to British colonies and spices became more common and cheaper commodities rather than exclusive luxury goods. As culinary tastes in Europe shifted toward local foods and spices lost their medical, social, and spiritual significance, they were no longer symbols of status in Europe.
History of spices and herbs
Spices have been traded for thousands of years along routes connecting South Asia, the Middle East, and East Asia. Arab and Indian merchants facilitated land routes through the Middle East and India, while Indonesian merchants traveled throughout Asia and East Africa. The Portuguese took control of sea routes in the 15th century, reducing Europe's reliance on Venetian merchants for spices. The discovery of the Americas in the late 15th century introduced new spices like vanilla, chili peppers, and chocolate to Europe. Today, India and Indonesia are the largest exporters of spices, with pepper being the most widely traded.
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Spices have played an important role in history, fueling exploration and trade for centuries. They were highly valued commodities in ancient times and drove expeditions by figures like Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama seeking sources. Arab traders introduced spices to Europe and controlled the trade routes until the 15th century, when Portuguese navigators discovered a sea route to India, breaking the Arab monopoly and ushering in European colonialism in Asia focused on controlling the spice trade. The Dutch later gained dominance over the spice trade in the 17th century through their control of the Spice Islands.
European exploration
The Columbian Exchange resulted in the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492. This large-scale biological and cultural exchange included crops, livestock, commodities, technologies, cultures, languages and peoples between the Americas and the Old World.
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1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
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Here are some key explorers and their voyages:
- Christopher Columbus - Sailed for Spain in 1492, thinking he would reach Asia but landed in the Bahamas in the Caribbean, initiating European colonization of the Americas.
- Vasco da Gama - The first European to reach India by sea, arriving in Calicut in 1498 for Portugal, opening direct trade routes to Asia.
- Ferdinand Magellan - Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe for Spain from 1519 to 1522, though he was killed in the Philippines before completing the entire voyage.
- Amerigo Vespucci - Explored the east coast of South America on voyages from 1499 to 150
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During the Middle Ages, the Crusades exposed Europeans to goods from Asia, inspiring them to search for a water route to trade directly with India and China and avoid Middle Eastern merchants. This led to the Age of Exploration, where explorers like Columbus sailed west to reach Asia but instead discovered new lands, spreading European colonization and causing an exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World and New World. European nations established colonies in North America throughout the 1500s-1600s to control the natural resources of the New World.
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Europeans explored distant lands between 1400-1800 motivated by profit and religion. Portuguese led the way in exploring Africa's coast and reaching India, establishing trading posts. Other European powers like the Dutch and English later challenged Portuguese control of Asian trade. Spain's exploration led to the colonization of the Americas, where crops and animals were exchanged between the hemispheres while diseases devastated native populations. Demand for American goods led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade to supply labor.
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APUSH Chapter 1 American Pageant
1) Europeans were interested in finding trade routes to Asia after Marco Polo's travels to China in the late 13th century.
2) In the 1450s, the Portuguese developed new sailing technologies like the caravel that allowed them to explore along the west coast of Africa.
3) Columbus received funding from Spain in 1492 to sail west to reach Asia, but instead discovered the Americas, opening the door for widespread exploration and colonization of the new world by Europeans over subsequent centuries.
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1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a time when brave men like himself explored new lands, trade routes, and riches for Europe.
2. The major reasons for exploration included finding gold and wealth, glory for one's nation and oneself, spreading Christianity, seeking new trade routes around Muslim control of current routes, and new technologies enabling sea travel.
3. The Portuguese led early explorations, establishing trade routes to India and colonies in Africa and Asia, while the Spanish explored and conquered Central and South America and the Philippines. The Dutch and British later established trade in Asia and colonies in North America and the Caribbean.
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1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a major turning point in history when brave men like himself explored beyond Europe in search of new lands, trade routes, and riches.
2. The main motivations for exploration were gold, glory, spreading Christianity, finding an eastern trade route around Muslim control, and new thinking from the Humanism movement.
3. Portuguese explorers like Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama found routes around Africa and to India, establishing Portugal's dominance in the Indian Ocean trade. Spanish explorers like Columbus and Balboa expanded Spain's empire in the Americas.
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The document summarizes the major events of the Age of Early European Explorations and Conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It describes early explorations by the Portuguese along the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Maritime Empire. It also discusses Christopher Columbus' four voyages to the Americas and the beginning of Spanish conquests of Native American empires like the Aztecs and Incas. The document outlines the establishment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its triangular route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas which had devastating impacts on African societies.
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Spices have played a huge role in history, though now they can be purchased globally. In ancient times, spices were rare, precious commodities used for medicine, perfumes, and flavorings. From 200 BC to 1200 AD, the Romans controlled spice trade routes from Rome to India, though the trade declined after Rome's fall. In the 15th-17th centuries, European powers like Portugal, Spain, England, and the Dutch fought for control of the most valuable spices from India, China, and Indonesia. This led to explorers like Vasco de Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan seeking new trade routes. By the end of the 17th century, the Dutch had become the main controllers of
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Europeans explored distant lands between 1400-1800 motivated by profit and religion. Portuguese led the way in exploring Africa's coast and reaching India, establishing trading posts. Other European powers like the Dutch and English later challenged Portuguese control of Asian trade. Spain's exploration led to the colonization of the Americas, where crops and animals were exchanged between the hemispheres while diseases devastated native populations. Demand for American goods led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade to supply labor.
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The document summarizes the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, including reasons for colonization such as spreading faith and increasing dominion. It discusses the establishment of the Catholic Church in the Philippines through various religious orders. It also outlines the political, economic, social, and education systems implemented during the Spanish period, such as the encomienda system, tribute system, galleon trade, social class structure, and founding of schools and universities. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of key aspects and developments during Spanish colonization of the Philippines from the 16th to 19th centuries.
APUSH Chapter 1 American Pageant
1) Europeans were interested in finding trade routes to Asia after Marco Polo's travels to China in the late 13th century.
2) In the 1450s, the Portuguese developed new sailing technologies like the caravel that allowed them to explore along the west coast of Africa.
3) Columbus received funding from Spain in 1492 to sail west to reach Asia, but instead discovered the Americas, opening the door for widespread exploration and colonization of the new world by Europeans over subsequent centuries.
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1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a time when brave men like himself explored new lands, trade routes, and riches for Europe.
2. The major reasons for exploration included finding gold and wealth, glory for one's nation and oneself, spreading Christianity, seeking new trade routes around Muslim control of current routes, and new technologies enabling sea travel.
3. The Portuguese led early explorations, establishing trade routes to India and colonies in Africa and Asia, while the Spanish explored and conquered Central and South America and the Philippines. The Dutch and British later established trade in Asia and colonies in North America and the Caribbean.
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1. Christopher Columbus introduces himself and describes the Age of Exploration as a major turning point in history when brave men like himself explored beyond Europe in search of new lands, trade routes, and riches.
2. The main motivations for exploration were gold, glory, spreading Christianity, finding an eastern trade route around Muslim control, and new thinking from the Humanism movement.
3. Portuguese explorers like Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama found routes around Africa and to India, establishing Portugal's dominance in the Indian Ocean trade. Spanish explorers like Columbus and Balboa expanded Spain's empire in the Americas.
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Europeans colonized parts of the world for religious, economic, and political reasons in the 1400s-1600s. Portugal explored and established trade routes down the west coast of Africa, discovering new navigation technologies. Spain sought gold, silver, and new trade routes, and sent Columbus to explore, establishing colonies in the Americas. England, France, and other countries later established large global empires, controlling territories in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas through the 1700s-1800s. These empires spread Christianity, grew wealthy from trade, and had major cultural and political impacts on colonized regions.
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The Spanish Era
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This document provides an overview of European exploration between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses the main motivations for exploration as expanding power, wealth and trade. Key technological advances like improved ships and the magnetic compass enabled explorers to travel farther. The main exploring nations of Portugal, Spain, and England are profiled. Explorers like Da Gama, Columbus, and Cabot opened new trade routes and led to encounters with native peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The document outlines both positive and negative outcomes of these interactions, including the spread of diseases, growth of the slave trade, and beginnings of colonization and globalization.
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This document provides an overview of European exploration between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses the main motivations for exploration as expanding power, wealth and trade. Key technological advances like improved ships and the magnetic compass enabled explorers to travel farther. The main exploring nations of Portugal, Spain, and England are profiled. Explorers like Da Gama, Columbus, and Cabot opened new trade routes and led to encounters with native peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The document outlines both positive and negative outcomes of these interactions, including the spread of diseases, growth of the slave trade, and beginnings of colonization and globalization.
Chapter 13 explorations
The document summarizes the major events of the Age of Early European Explorations and Conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It describes early explorations by the Portuguese along the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Maritime Empire. It also discusses Christopher Columbus' four voyages to the Americas and the beginning of conquests of Native American civilizations like the Aztecs and Incas by the Spanish. The document outlines the establishment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its triangular route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas which had devastating impacts on African societies.
C:\fakepath\chapter 13 explorations
The document summarizes the major events of the Age of Early European Explorations and Conquests from the 15th to 17th centuries. It describes early explorations by the Portuguese along the west coast of Africa which led to the establishment of the Portuguese Maritime Empire. It also discusses Christopher Columbus' four voyages to the Americas and the beginning of Spanish conquests of Native American empires like the Aztecs and Incas. The document outlines the establishment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its triangular route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas which had devastating impacts on African societies.
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This document outlines strategies for developing sustainable tourism. It discusses analyzing the current tourism situation, determining appropriate tourism levels and markets, influencing tourism development and operations, and promoting sustainable visitor behavior. Key aspects include conducting research, consulting stakeholders, selecting markets based on factors like seasonality and spend, encouraging a diversity of tourism products, developing policies around new developments, and promoting practices within enterprises and among visitors that minimize environmental and social impacts.
Sustainable tourism wellbeing of host communities
The document discusses sustainable tourism and its effects on local communities. It examines indicators used to measure local satisfaction with tourism, including level of community satisfaction, problems or dissatisfaction reported, and attitudes. It also evaluates the effects of tourism on communities, such as changes to resident lifestyles and demographics, social benefits, and access to important local sites. Additionally, the document covers issues related to gender equity in tourism employment and business opportunities, as well as strategies to prevent child sex tourism.
Steps in Computing TCARCAP Using Boullon’s Mathematical Model (1985)
This document outlines Boullon's mathematical model for computing the tourism carrying capacity (TCARCAP) of an area. It involves the following steps:
1. Calculate the TCARCAP by dividing the total area used by visitors by the average visitor standard.
2. Multiply the TCARCAP by the rotation coefficient (RC) to get the potential capacity coefficient (PCC).
3. Apply corrective factors (CF) like sunshine, rainfall etc. to the PCC to account for environmental variables and get the realistic carrying capacity coefficient (RCC).
The interactions between limiting and enhancing environmental factors determine the ideal TCARCAP for a particular ecotourism site.
Sustainable tourism introduction to sustainable tourism
Sustainable tourism refers to tourism activity that can be maintained long-term by benefiting the social, economic, natural, and cultural environments of the destination. It meets present needs without compromising future opportunities. Sustainable tourism products operate in harmony with local environments, communities, and cultures so they benefit rather than become victims of development. It also conserves resources, respects local culture, benefits residents through employment and spending locally, and strives for quality experiences over quantity of visitors.
Philosophy future of tourism
The document presents a vision for the future of tourism in the year 2050. Some of the key predictions include:
- Population growth will slow and mega-cities with 30-50 million people will emerge. Education will become more virtual and corporations will partner with colleges.
- Space tourism and underwater resorts will become common attractions. India will surpass China as the most populous country.
- Transportation will include high-speed magnetic trains, battery-powered vehicles, and rocket and supersonic travel. Hotels may be located on the moon and Mars.
- The tourism and hospitality industry will be more sustainable and digitized with paperless operations and robot staff. Tourism will be a major global industry supporting
Philosophy introduction of western philosophy
This document provides an overview of Western philosophy from ancient to modern times. It discusses the major periods and movements in Western philosophy, including ancient Greek philosophy, medieval scholastic philosophy, and modern philosophy from the 17th century onward. Some of the main characteristics and themes of modern philosophy discussed include the focus on the problem of consciousness and the subject, the central role of critique, and the concept of historical progress having a teleological structure. The document also briefly discusses the influence of the Renaissance humanist movement and thinkers like Machiavelli on the emergence of modern philosophy.
Philosophy introduction of eastern philosophy
The document introduces Western and Eastern philosophy. It discusses the aims of philosophy as including cosmological unity, behavioral ethics, and the relationship between philosophy and religion. It then summarizes several Eastern religions and philosophies - Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism - covering their main beliefs and founders. Hinduism believes in one universal soul and karma. Buddhism's aim is to end suffering through eliminating desire. Taoism is based on the fundamental principles of yin and yang. Confucianism focuses on ethics and building character. Mysticism involves becoming one with the absolute and attaining ultimate truth.
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Asian spice in europe
- 1. Welcome to Indonesian Cullinary ASEAN SPICE IN EUROPE [ ]
- 2. Indonesian Culinary Asean Spice in EUROPE Ancient Roman times - widely known, direct access, the prestigious but not sacred Dark Ages - direct access cut off, the trade controlled by foreigners (Arabs), a rare, expensive and full of mysticism Abad Browsing & Imperialism retrieval source spices, bring prosperity back to Europe, commodities belle competition monopoly source of spices, massive trade - Modern Age began to lose its charm in the fields of trade, pharmaceuticals and even culinary “
- 3. • Community medieval Europe used to consume food that is bad because of the low standard of living in that day. There is a need for improving the taste of food to disguise the salty taste of salt and flavor of meat has long / rot. Pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon is the solution and to be excellent trade. • The herb is also used for the purpose: to call on God and cast out demons, heal disease / repel outbreaks, increase sexual arousal. Motivation Browsing Early Ages Indonesian Culinary
- 4. Spices are a valuable commodity because of the scarcity and high degree of difficulty to obtain - give birth to myths about heaven. Very few Europeans who've actually visited Indies (ex. Marco Polo) and look straight spice plants. But the testimony of Marco Polo spice island is not trusted because it is too ordinary / not fantastic. Accurate information about the origin of spices the secret of a specific community or recounted with a colorful tone and improvisation - unbelievable as it nears the picture of heaven. The search for a catalyst spices exploration and European colonization in Asia and America. Spices indirectly reconstruct the world in the Middle Ages. Indonesian Culinary
- 5. “Could not find the spice island, "lost" to the US The discovery of America later on introducing a new spice in the world: vanilla, pepper Jamaica (pimenta), and chili Columbus
- 6. “find the path of the spice trade in the island of Malabar, India (1498) Vasco Da Gama
- 7. “Looking for a new route to the Moluccas, the first European to circumnavigate the world Magellan
- 8. • European imperialism in Asia is built on the basis of a search of cinnamon, cloves, pepper, nutmeg and mace. • Motivation to monopolize the spice trade. Competing among Europeans (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English) Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): an agreement between Spanish and Portuguese divide the earth into 2 - Portuguese colony on the east side, Spanish on the west side. The lines of demarcation: the Cape Verde Islands • Malacca as a meeting point through which all spices from the East claimed by the Portuguese. The Portuguese also claimed the Maluku Islands; producer of cloves, nutmeg and mace. • Spain claimed behind the Maluku Islands, after the success of the Magellan expedition reached the Moluccas on the western route (1522). Through the agreement Zaragoza (1529), the Maluku Islands are returned to Portugal with the compensation amount of money. Spice & European Imperialism
- 9. Indonesian Culinary Spice and European Imperialism In 1599, the first Dutch ship came to the Moluccas In 1601, the first British ship also got Maluku In 1605, Ternate escape from the Portuguese to the Dutch (VOC). Tragedy Amboyna (February 16, 1623): the arrest and murder of British merchants by Dutch troops in Maluku “
- 10. Indonesian Culinary Spice and European Imperialism Malacca fell to the Dutch in 1641 Malabar fell to the Netherlands in 1663 Treaty of Breda (1667): British relinquished claims to the Moluccas, exchanged for recognition of New Amsterdam (New York) deprived of the Netherlands Mid 17th century, the spice trade world is ruled by the Dutch (VOC). “