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Asian Paths to Autonomy
Presented by
Ansari Abdul Kalam
Department of Political Science
University of Allahabad
India’s Quest for a Homeland
Source of Nationalism in India
• Indian National Congress
(1885)
• Initial support from both
Hindus and Muslims
• British encouraged
development of Muslim
League (1906)
• Woodrow Wilson’s self
determination
• Lenin’s anti-imperialist
views
• Mohandas Gandhi
5
Ghandi’s Passive Resistance
• Ahinsa: non-violence
• Satyagraha: passive
resistance (“truth and
firmness”)
• Non-cooperation
Movement (1920-
1922)
• Civil Disobedience
Movement (1930)
• Boycott of British
Institutions
• Armritsar Massacre
(1919)
6
The Government of India Act (1937)
• Creation of autonomous
legislature
▫ 600 nominally sovereign
princes refuse to cooperate
• Muslim fears of Hindu
dominance
▫ Traditional economic divide
▫ Especially severe with Great
Depression
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(1876-1948) proposed
partition, creation of the
State of Pakistan in 23rd
March 1940
7
The Republic of China
• Revolution in 1911
forces Emperor Puyi to
abdicate
• Sun Yat Sen (1866-
1925) proclaims
Republic of China in
1912
• Political anarchy
follows
• Independent warlord
exercise local control
Sun Yat-sen
• Revolutionary leader
• Founder of
Kuamintang (KMT)
• Uniting figure in
post-imperial China
• Formed fragile
alliance with
communists
Sources of Chinese Nationalism
• Anti-imperialist sentiments from the 19th
century
• May Fourth Movement
• Anti-Japanese feelings
• Guomindang – Nationalist People’s Party
• Chinese Communist Party founded in Shanghai
(1921)
▫ Leader: Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
Chinese Civil War
Jiang Jieshi
(Chiang Kai - Shek )
Mao Zedong
1927-1936
Imperialist Japan
• Japan signs treaties under League of Nations
to limit imperialist activity, 1922-1928
• Political chaos in interwar Japan,
assassinations
• Militarist, imperialist circles advocate
greater assertion of Japanese power in the
region
• China a soft target
• Mukden Incident (1931)
Contrast between India and China
India China
• Nonviolent movement for
home rule
• Anti-imperialist (British)
• Independence leads to
internal conflict between
Muslims and Hindus
• India Act
• Partition of India and
Pakistan after independence
• Armed conflicts
• Anti-imperial (Manchu,
Japanese, Europeans)
• Internal conflicts due to
warlords, communists and
nationalists
• Civil War – communist win
Asian paths to autonomy

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Asian paths to autonomy

  • 1. Asian Paths to Autonomy Presented by Ansari Abdul Kalam Department of Political Science University of Allahabad
  • 2. India’s Quest for a Homeland
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Source of Nationalism in India • Indian National Congress (1885) • Initial support from both Hindus and Muslims • British encouraged development of Muslim League (1906) • Woodrow Wilson’s self determination • Lenin’s anti-imperialist views • Mohandas Gandhi 5
  • 6. Ghandi’s Passive Resistance • Ahinsa: non-violence • Satyagraha: passive resistance (“truth and firmness”) • Non-cooperation Movement (1920- 1922) • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) • Boycott of British Institutions • Armritsar Massacre (1919) 6
  • 7. The Government of India Act (1937) • Creation of autonomous legislature ▫ 600 nominally sovereign princes refuse to cooperate • Muslim fears of Hindu dominance ▫ Traditional economic divide ▫ Especially severe with Great Depression • Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) proposed partition, creation of the State of Pakistan in 23rd March 1940 7
  • 8. The Republic of China • Revolution in 1911 forces Emperor Puyi to abdicate • Sun Yat Sen (1866- 1925) proclaims Republic of China in 1912 • Political anarchy follows • Independent warlord exercise local control
  • 9. Sun Yat-sen • Revolutionary leader • Founder of Kuamintang (KMT) • Uniting figure in post-imperial China • Formed fragile alliance with communists
  • 10. Sources of Chinese Nationalism • Anti-imperialist sentiments from the 19th century • May Fourth Movement • Anti-Japanese feelings • Guomindang – Nationalist People’s Party • Chinese Communist Party founded in Shanghai (1921) ▫ Leader: Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
  • 11. Chinese Civil War Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai - Shek ) Mao Zedong
  • 13. Imperialist Japan • Japan signs treaties under League of Nations to limit imperialist activity, 1922-1928 • Political chaos in interwar Japan, assassinations • Militarist, imperialist circles advocate greater assertion of Japanese power in the region • China a soft target • Mukden Incident (1931)
  • 14. Contrast between India and China India China • Nonviolent movement for home rule • Anti-imperialist (British) • Independence leads to internal conflict between Muslims and Hindus • India Act • Partition of India and Pakistan after independence • Armed conflicts • Anti-imperial (Manchu, Japanese, Europeans) • Internal conflicts due to warlords, communists and nationalists • Civil War – communist win