1) Mice were given either an ASEA beverage or placebo beverage for one week before undergoing endurance treadmill tests or remaining sedentary.
2) Mice that received ASEA ran 29% longer on treadmill tests compared to those that received placebo, suggesting increased endurance capacity.
3) Mice that received ASEA and ran showed 30% slower depletion of muscle glycogen and increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a marker of increased fatty acid oxidation, compared to placebo runners.
Effects of eugenol on resting tension of rat atriaRobson Olivoto
Artigo para analise do Eugenol, um óleo essencial, como uma possível ferramenta biológica para experimentos com células musculares. Os resultados indicaram ou sugerem que existe uma via de ativação da maquinaria contrátil que ativa as proteínas contrateis (promovendo a contração) mesmo na ausência de íons cálcio.
Effect of feed at different times prior to exercise and chelated chromium sup...Lilian De Rezende Jordão
Nutritional management studies to improve the performance of Mangalarga Marchador (MM) horses during the
marcha test are limited. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that chelated trivalent chromium (CR)
feed supplementation may reduce the suitability of the length of the interval between concentrate feeding and
the marcha test among MM horses. A total of 12 healthy mares (4.25 ^ 0.62 years) were randomly assigned
to one of six dietary treatments (0 or 10 mg Cr by concentrate, fed 0.5, 2 or 4 h before exercise), according to
a completely randomized design, with a split-plot arrangement. The diet was Cynodon pasture and concentrate
(50:50 ratio). The first 29 days of the trial were for diet, Cr and exercise adaptation; during the next 15 days,
horses were submitted to three 50-min field marcha tests, once a week. Heart rate (HR) was measured before,
during and until 25 min after the exercise. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature were measured; blood samples
were collected before, at the end and 25 min after the test. There was no effect of Cr by concentrate feeding strategy
on any physiological variables (P . 0.05). Supplementation of Cr increased glycaemia before and soon after
the second marcha test (P , 0.01). In addition, Cr reduced HR during the second marcha test and decreased
the time to first post-exercise HR recovery (P , 0.05). Insulinaemia was greater when the concentrate was
provided 2 h prior to the test (P , 0.05). Concentrate provided 0.5 and 2 h before the test reduced plasma triacylglycerol
in the first and second tests, respectively. The interval between concentrate feeding and marcha tests
should not be decreased in horses supplemented with Cr. Horses should be fed more than 2 h before that test. Cr
supplementation during training may improve the cardiac performance of MM mares during the marcha test.
Effect of Antioxidant status on liver following Atrazine exposure and its pro...IOSR Journals
The efficacy of Andrographis paniculata (AP) extract was studied on atrazine induced hepatic damage in rats. Ethanolic extract of AP (150mg/kg body weight) was found to protect the male wistar rats from hepato toxic action of atrazine as evidence by significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant defense system activity in the atrazine intoxicated rats. However, AP treatment ameliorated the effects of atrazine suggesting it as potential antioxidant against atrazine induced oxidative stress.
Effects of eugenol on resting tension of rat atriaRobson Olivoto
Artigo para analise do Eugenol, um óleo essencial, como uma possível ferramenta biológica para experimentos com células musculares. Os resultados indicaram ou sugerem que existe uma via de ativação da maquinaria contrátil que ativa as proteínas contrateis (promovendo a contração) mesmo na ausência de íons cálcio.
Effect of feed at different times prior to exercise and chelated chromium sup...Lilian De Rezende Jordão
Nutritional management studies to improve the performance of Mangalarga Marchador (MM) horses during the
marcha test are limited. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that chelated trivalent chromium (CR)
feed supplementation may reduce the suitability of the length of the interval between concentrate feeding and
the marcha test among MM horses. A total of 12 healthy mares (4.25 ^ 0.62 years) were randomly assigned
to one of six dietary treatments (0 or 10 mg Cr by concentrate, fed 0.5, 2 or 4 h before exercise), according to
a completely randomized design, with a split-plot arrangement. The diet was Cynodon pasture and concentrate
(50:50 ratio). The first 29 days of the trial were for diet, Cr and exercise adaptation; during the next 15 days,
horses were submitted to three 50-min field marcha tests, once a week. Heart rate (HR) was measured before,
during and until 25 min after the exercise. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature were measured; blood samples
were collected before, at the end and 25 min after the test. There was no effect of Cr by concentrate feeding strategy
on any physiological variables (P . 0.05). Supplementation of Cr increased glycaemia before and soon after
the second marcha test (P , 0.01). In addition, Cr reduced HR during the second marcha test and decreased
the time to first post-exercise HR recovery (P , 0.05). Insulinaemia was greater when the concentrate was
provided 2 h prior to the test (P , 0.05). Concentrate provided 0.5 and 2 h before the test reduced plasma triacylglycerol
in the first and second tests, respectively. The interval between concentrate feeding and marcha tests
should not be decreased in horses supplemented with Cr. Horses should be fed more than 2 h before that test. Cr
supplementation during training may improve the cardiac performance of MM mares during the marcha test.
Effect of Antioxidant status on liver following Atrazine exposure and its pro...IOSR Journals
The efficacy of Andrographis paniculata (AP) extract was studied on atrazine induced hepatic damage in rats. Ethanolic extract of AP (150mg/kg body weight) was found to protect the male wistar rats from hepato toxic action of atrazine as evidence by significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant defense system activity in the atrazine intoxicated rats. However, AP treatment ameliorated the effects of atrazine suggesting it as potential antioxidant against atrazine induced oxidative stress.
Comparison of the Hypazotemic Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389G on Urea ...asclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study calculated the hypazotemic capacities of two drugs as follows: The erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of two preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the hypazotemic influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced hypoxia-reoxygenation animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The two main experimental endpoints at which the blood urea levels were evaluated the 60th reoxygenation min (for the groups A, C, and E) and the 120th reoxygenation min (for the groups B, D, and F). Especially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, groups C and D after Epo administration whereas groups E and F after U-74389G administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a nonsignificant hypazotemic effect by 1.25% ± 1.67% (P = 0.4430). The second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a significant hypazotemic effect by 5.81% ± 1.57% (P = 0.0005). These two studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.632148-fold more hypazotemic potency than Epo (P = 0.0000). Conclusions: The antioxidant capacities of U-74389G enhance the acute hypazotemic properties presenting 4.632148-fold more intensive hypazotemia than Epo (P = 0.0000).
Comparison of the Acute Hypervolemic Capacities of Erythropoietin and U-74389...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Aim: This study compared the hyper volemic capacities of erythropoietin (Epo) and antioxidant drug U-74389G based on 2 preliminary studies. The provided results at mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) levels augmentation were co-evaluated in a hypoxia re oxygenation protocol of an animal model.
Materials and methods: MCV levels (MCVl) were evaluated at the 60th reoxygenation min (for groups A, C and E) and at the 120th reoxygenation min (for groups B, D and F) in 60 rats. Groups A and B received no drugs, rats from groups C and D were administered with Epo; whereas rats from groups E and F were administered with U-74389G.
Results: The first preliminary study of Epo non-significantly increased the MCVl by 0.30%+0.39% (p-value=0.4430). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G significantly rised the MCVl by 1.60%+0.43% (p-value=0.0005). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.352528-fold hypervolemic potency than Epo (p-value=0.0000).
Conclusion: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G accelerate the acute hypervolemic properties; presenting 4.352528-fold rise on MCVl than epo (p-value=0.0000)
Subacute dermal toxicity investigation of nanosilver on serum chemical biomar...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. Thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 20 male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=10). After general anesthesia and shaving the back of all animals in near the vertebral column, in the nanosilver group, a volume of 50μl of 10 μg/ml of nanosilver solution (40 nm), and in the control group the same amount of distilled water was added to the sterile bandage of mice, then the bandages were fixed on the skin surface with cloth glue. After 3 and 7 days, the bandages were opened and serum levels of blood urea
nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by using standard kits for two groups of mice.
Results:
In treatment group, a significant increase in ALT, AST and BUN levels were observed compared with control group during experiment periods (p<0.05),>0.05).
Conclusion:
The present results indicated that the dermal absorption of 10 μg/ml nanosilver (40 nm) can lead to hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity in mice.
Using the Thermo Scientific Sorvall® WX Ultracentrifuge to Isolate Skeletal M...Daniel Schroen, PhD
Ultracentrifugation is commonly employed to isolate membrane fractions in sucrose gradients. In order to prepare skeletal muscle membranes for cell biology studies, the Thermo Scientific Sorvall WX ultracentrifuge can be used.
Behavioral and Biochemical Studies of Piperidine Related Adrenolytic Compound...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The present study concerns behavioral and biochemical effects of 4 amino methyl piperidine substituted 2-bromo ethyl benzene derivative compounds. With intraperitoneal injection in rats, locomotor activity was significantly decreased in open field experiment, anxiolytic effect observed in light and dark apparatus significantly increased while stimulatory activity of compound monitor in home cage apparatussignificantly decreased. Moreover, blood glucose and cholesterol level also examined. Presentsynthetic compound decreases blood glucose level and also decreases the total serum cholesterol, suggested that these 4 amino methyl piperidine substituted 2-bromo ethyl benzene compounds may be effective as a drug for treatment of anxiety, enhancement of locomotion. It is also beneficial for cardiac and diabetic patient.
Rodent Models of Pharmacotherapy and Chronotherapy for Obesity and Cardiometa...InsideScientific
Join Christopher Axelrod and Sander Kooijman, PhD for a discussion on their research into combatting obesity using various new therapies.
Key Topics Include:
Obesity is a chronic disease with limited treatment options that achieve long term weight control
Systemic mitochondrial uncoupling prevents weight gain without altering food intake and improves glucose metabolism independent of body weight
Mitochondrial-targeted drugs such as BAM15 may have clinical utility in the treatment of obesity and related diseases
Mimicked shift work resulted in obesity in male mice and poor blood glucose clearance in female mice
Understanding the circadian regulation of energy metabolism provides an opportunity to maximize the effectiveness of chronotherapy
Comparison of the Hypazotemic Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389G on Urea ...asclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study calculated the hypazotemic capacities of two drugs as follows: The erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of two preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the hypazotemic influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced hypoxia-reoxygenation animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The two main experimental endpoints at which the blood urea levels were evaluated the 60th reoxygenation min (for the groups A, C, and E) and the 120th reoxygenation min (for the groups B, D, and F). Especially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, groups C and D after Epo administration whereas groups E and F after U-74389G administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a nonsignificant hypazotemic effect by 1.25% ± 1.67% (P = 0.4430). The second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a significant hypazotemic effect by 5.81% ± 1.57% (P = 0.0005). These two studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.632148-fold more hypazotemic potency than Epo (P = 0.0000). Conclusions: The antioxidant capacities of U-74389G enhance the acute hypazotemic properties presenting 4.632148-fold more intensive hypazotemia than Epo (P = 0.0000).
Comparison of the Acute Hypervolemic Capacities of Erythropoietin and U-74389...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Aim: This study compared the hyper volemic capacities of erythropoietin (Epo) and antioxidant drug U-74389G based on 2 preliminary studies. The provided results at mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) levels augmentation were co-evaluated in a hypoxia re oxygenation protocol of an animal model.
Materials and methods: MCV levels (MCVl) were evaluated at the 60th reoxygenation min (for groups A, C and E) and at the 120th reoxygenation min (for groups B, D and F) in 60 rats. Groups A and B received no drugs, rats from groups C and D were administered with Epo; whereas rats from groups E and F were administered with U-74389G.
Results: The first preliminary study of Epo non-significantly increased the MCVl by 0.30%+0.39% (p-value=0.4430). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G significantly rised the MCVl by 1.60%+0.43% (p-value=0.0005). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.352528-fold hypervolemic potency than Epo (p-value=0.0000).
Conclusion: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G accelerate the acute hypervolemic properties; presenting 4.352528-fold rise on MCVl than epo (p-value=0.0000)
Subacute dermal toxicity investigation of nanosilver on serum chemical biomar...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. Thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 20 male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=10). After general anesthesia and shaving the back of all animals in near the vertebral column, in the nanosilver group, a volume of 50μl of 10 μg/ml of nanosilver solution (40 nm), and in the control group the same amount of distilled water was added to the sterile bandage of mice, then the bandages were fixed on the skin surface with cloth glue. After 3 and 7 days, the bandages were opened and serum levels of blood urea
nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by using standard kits for two groups of mice.
Results:
In treatment group, a significant increase in ALT, AST and BUN levels were observed compared with control group during experiment periods (p<0.05),>0.05).
Conclusion:
The present results indicated that the dermal absorption of 10 μg/ml nanosilver (40 nm) can lead to hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity in mice.
Using the Thermo Scientific Sorvall® WX Ultracentrifuge to Isolate Skeletal M...Daniel Schroen, PhD
Ultracentrifugation is commonly employed to isolate membrane fractions in sucrose gradients. In order to prepare skeletal muscle membranes for cell biology studies, the Thermo Scientific Sorvall WX ultracentrifuge can be used.
Behavioral and Biochemical Studies of Piperidine Related Adrenolytic Compound...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The present study concerns behavioral and biochemical effects of 4 amino methyl piperidine substituted 2-bromo ethyl benzene derivative compounds. With intraperitoneal injection in rats, locomotor activity was significantly decreased in open field experiment, anxiolytic effect observed in light and dark apparatus significantly increased while stimulatory activity of compound monitor in home cage apparatussignificantly decreased. Moreover, blood glucose and cholesterol level also examined. Presentsynthetic compound decreases blood glucose level and also decreases the total serum cholesterol, suggested that these 4 amino methyl piperidine substituted 2-bromo ethyl benzene compounds may be effective as a drug for treatment of anxiety, enhancement of locomotion. It is also beneficial for cardiac and diabetic patient.
Rodent Models of Pharmacotherapy and Chronotherapy for Obesity and Cardiometa...InsideScientific
Join Christopher Axelrod and Sander Kooijman, PhD for a discussion on their research into combatting obesity using various new therapies.
Key Topics Include:
Obesity is a chronic disease with limited treatment options that achieve long term weight control
Systemic mitochondrial uncoupling prevents weight gain without altering food intake and improves glucose metabolism independent of body weight
Mitochondrial-targeted drugs such as BAM15 may have clinical utility in the treatment of obesity and related diseases
Mimicked shift work resulted in obesity in male mice and poor blood glucose clearance in female mice
Understanding the circadian regulation of energy metabolism provides an opportunity to maximize the effectiveness of chronotherapy
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
ISSN 2347-2251
It appears that you're describing the scope of a scientific journal. This journal covers a wide range of topics related to both Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Sciences of the journalism journals.
The Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences is an online international journal that publishes articles quarterly.It's important to note that the specific policies, guidelines, and the editorial board of IAJPB may change over time, so it's advisable to visit the journal's official website or contact the journal of the research on journaling.
Protective Effect of β-Carotene Extracted From the Cyanobacterium Oscillatori...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Comparison of the Hypocalcemic Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389Gasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study calculated the effects on serum calcium (Ca) levels, after treatment with either of two drugs: The erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant lazaroid (L) drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of two preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the certain influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced ischemia-reperfusion animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The two main experimental endpoints at which the serum Ca levels were evaluated were the 60th reperfusion min (for the Groups A, C, and E) and the 120th reperfusion min (for the Groups B, D, and F). Especially, the Groups A and B were processed without drugs, Groups C and D after Epo administration, whereas Groups E and F after the L administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a non-significant hypocalcemic effect by 0.34% ± 0.68% (P = 0.6095). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a non-significant hypercalcemic effect by 0.14% ± 0.66% (P = 0.8245). These two studies were coevaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the coevaluation was that L is 2.3623042-fold (2.3482723–2.3764196) more hypercalcemic than Epo (P = 0.0000). Conclusions: The antioxidant capacities of U-74389G ascribe 2.3623042-fold more hypercalcemic effects than Epo (P = 0.0000).
The Protective Role Of High Dietary Protein On Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity...IOSR Journals
The objective of the present investigation was to study the protective role of High dietary protein on arsenic induced hepatotoxicity model in adult male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity in rats was caused by arsenic tri oxide at a dose of 3mg- /ml/kg body weight. Hepamerz, a drug used as standard hepatoprotective agent, was administered orally as standard hepatoprotective agent for 14 consecutive days prior to arsenic treatment at a dose of 10mg- /ml/kg body weight. This drug has many side effects. These side effects have prompted the scientific world for the search of alternative natural remedies of liver damage. The High dietary protein was administered orally to rats along with arsenic. The biochemical parameters were investigated. The results indicated that biochemical changes produced by arsenic were restored to almost normal by High protein diet. The High protein diet produced hepatoprotective effect through the modulation of antioxidant - mediated mechanism by altering serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels - against arsenic induced hepatotoxicity model in rats.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives and pigments. In this study the effects of ZNP on liver of rats was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Experimental groups received 5, 50 and 300 mg/kg ZNP respectively for 14 days. Control group received only distilled water. ALT, AST and ALP were considered as biomarkers to indicate hepatotoxicity. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), SOD and GPx were detected for assessment of oxidative stress in liver tissue. Histological studies and TUNEL assay were also done.
Results:
Plasma concentration of zinc (Zn) was significantly increased in 5 mg/kg ZNP-treated rats. Liver concentration of Zn was significantly increased in the 300 mg/kg ZNP-treated animals. Weight of liver was markedly increased in both 5 and 300 mg/kg doses of ZNP. ZNP at the doses of 5 mg/kg induced a significant increase in oxidative stress through the increase in MDA content and a significant decrease in SOD and GPx enzymes activity in the liver tissue. Administration of ZNP at 5 mg/kg induced a significant elevation in plasma AST, ALT and ALP. Histological studies showed that treatment with 5 mg/kg of ZNP caused hepatocytes swelling, which was accompanied by congestion of RBC and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Apoptotic index was also significantly increased in this group. ZNP at the dose of 300 mg/kg had poor hepatotoxicity effect.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that lower doses of ZNP has more hepatotoxic effects on rats, and recommended to use it with caution if there is a hepatological problem.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
A brochure describing the remarkable benefits of ASEA, the "world's only" cellular supplement which is scientifically-founded, multi-patented, and totally native to the body.
A brochure describing the remarkable health benefits of ASEA Redox Cell Signaling Supplement, the world's only wellness supplement the provides anti-aging benefits at the "cellular level", where "all life begins and ends".
ASEA: The Biology Behind Redox Cell Signaling.pdfASEA
A white paper discussing the remarkable biology behind ASEA, the "world's only" wellness supplement which provides health benefits at "the cellular level" where "all life begins and ends".
A paper discussing the numerous benefits of ASEA Redox Cell Signaling Supplement which focuses on the subject of the astounding health benefits achieved by the proper rebalancing of cells in our bodies to achieve cellular homeostasis.
A compelling testimonial for ASEA cellular wellness supplement as it pertains to the athletic performance, vitality and recovery of professional cyclists and biking enthusiasts.
Discover and experience the unique natural healing benefits contain in ASEA, the world's only wellness supplement which contains "multi-patented" Redox Cell Signaling Molecules, totally native to our bodies and the secret to health, vitality and anti-aging.
Discover the remarkable cellular health benefits of ASEA, the world's only, multi-patented health and wellness supplement which contains "native to the body" Redox Cell Signaling Molecules.
Asea > April 2012 Human Performance Study: Questions and Answers
ASEA > Endurance Performance Study
1. Effects of ASEA beverage intake on endurance performance in mice
Amy M. Knab, David C. Nieman, R. Andrew Shanely, Jennifer J. Zwetsloot, Lynn Cialdella-Kam, Mary Pat Meaney.
Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC
Background
Results
► ASEA™ is a saline-based beverage that undergoes a proprietary process and contains reactive
redox-signaling molecules.
Table 1: Treadmill Endurance Protocol
CPT-1 Content
(arbitrary units)
31P
NMR spectrum of a mixture of DIPPMPO and ASEA beverage.
Green numbers are peak chemical shifts, red numbers are integral
values of corresponding peaks.
SE
A
A
Se
de
R
nt
ar
un
y
un
R
A
1.0
0.5
A
SE
A
R
un
y
nt
ar
Se
de
SE
A
de
nt
ar
y
Se
un
0.0
A
-HAD enzyme activity was measured
in muscle tissue. No significant
differences between sedentary groups
or run groups (p>0.05).
*#
*
R
un
1.5
Pl
ac
eb
o
Se
de
A
de
nt
ar
y
0
SE
A
Se
Pl
ac
eb
o
CPT-I as measured by Western Blot
in muscle tissue. No significant
differences between groups (p>0.05).
Figure 6: Phospho/pan-ACC
Phospho/pan-ACC Content
(arbitrary units)
5
Pl
ac
eb
o
de
nt
ar
y
ASEA
Estimated rate of muscle glycogen
depletion. ASEA Run group
significantly different than Placebo
Run group (p=0.017).
10
Se
0.5
R
ug/mg protein/run time (min)
Placebo
15
Pl
ac
eb
o
1.0
0.0
0.00
SE
A
Figure 1: NMR Spectra analysis of ASEA beverage
0.02
Figure 5: -Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
un
Placebo Run
Group:
N=15
Treadmill
Placebo Sedentary
Group:
N=15
Sedentary (normal
cage activity only)
0.04
Pl
ac
eb
o
Placebo Treatment
(1-week)
1.5
*
Endurance Run Time (minutes)
ASEA Run group significantly
different than Placebo Run group
(p<0.001).
R
ASEA Run Group:
N=15
Treadmill
ASEA Sedentary
Group:
N=15
Sedentary (normal
cage activity only)
ASEA
Pl
ac
eb
o
ASEA Treatment
(1-week)
Glycogen: Post-exercise and end point liver and muscle glycogen levels were assayed using the Glycogen Assay Kit (700480,
Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor MI). Rate of muscle glycogen usage was estimated for both ASEA Run and Placebo Run
groups. Example Calculation: Average muscle glycogen (Placebo Sedentary) – Average muscle glycogen (Placebo Run) / Average
Placebo Run Time.
Statistical Analyses: Two-way ANOVA was performed. Following a significant F-ratio, Student ‘s t-test were performed to
determine differences between treatments. Significance was established at P < 0.05
0
Study Design
Treatment and Design: ASEA or placebo (same ingredients as ASEA beverage without undergoing the proprietary processing)
was administered via gavage once per day for 1-week. The average body mass of all the mice at the start of the study determined the
volume of ASEA used for the gavaging, but the volume did not exceed 0.3mL. Following the 1-week treatment period (7 days) mice
were euthanized and tissues harvested for further analysis of outcome measures. Mice from the endurance testing treatment groups
were oriented to the treadmill in the following fashion: During the three day period preceding the maximal endurance test, mice were
oriented (trained) to the treadmill for 15 min/day. Speeds for the training days were 10 m/min, 15 m/min, and 18 m/min respectively.
Then, on the final day of treatment mice underwent the maximal endurance capacity test on the treadmill (Table 1). For the treadmill
orientation and endurance protocols, mice were run on a multi- lane rodent treadmill (Columbus Instruments, Columbus OH) equipped
with a shock grid at the back. When the mouse could either no longer run (as assessed by sitting on the shock grid with all 4 paws off of
the belt for more than 5 seconds), the mouse was removed from the shock grid immediately and placed back into the home cage. The
mice were monitored for recovery for a period of at least 20 minutes following the orientation bouts. Mice were euthanized within 30
minutes of the final endurance test.
Western Blotting: Western blotting was performed as previously described (Laye et al. 2009). The following antibodies were
used: Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), and
phospho-ACC (Ser79) (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Whole gastrocnemius homogenates were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to
polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Membranes were exposed to the appropriate primary and secondary antibodies and bands were
visualized by chemiluminescence (Pierce SuperSignal, Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL). Band density was determined using a
ChemiDoc XRTS Molecular Imager and Image Lab Software (BioRad, Hercules, CA). Phosphorylated-ACC (Ser79) protein was
normalized to total ACC protein.
20
Placebo
Animals: Six-month old male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice (n =60) were purchased from Jackson Laboratory. Mice
were randomly assigned to each of the four treatment groups (n = 15 each). Mice were group housed (3-4/cage) and provided standard
rodent chow and water ad libitum. All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the North Carolina Research Campus
IACUC.
Enzyme Assays: β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activities were determined in whole gastrocnemius homogenates
using methods previously described (Laye, 2009). Briefly, powdered frozen muscle was homogenized in buffer containing HEPES, Na
pyrophosphate, Na+, EDTA, Triton, and protease and phosphatase inhibitors. CS activity was measured in homogenate incubated in
buffer containing oxaloacetate and dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Acetyl-CoA was added to the buffer and CS activity was
determined by the appearance of reduced DTNB at a wavelength of 405nm. β-HAD activity was measured in homogenate incubated in
buffer containing triethanolamine, EDTA, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Acetyl-CoA was added to the buffer and βHAD activity was determined by the disappearance of NADH at a wavelength of 340nm. All assays were performed at 37°C.
40
Figure 4: Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I
0.06
SE
A
24
Mice will stay at this speed until they reach
exhaustion (sit on shock grid for 5 full seconds)
60
(arbitrary units)
Methods
22
Speeds between 20-24 correspond to roughly 80%
VO2max for mice
*
80
-Hydroxyacyl-CoA
Dehydrogenase Activity
► PURPOSE: To determine if mice given ASEA™ have increased endurance treadmill run times
compared to placebo and investigate potential mechanisms.
2- end
100
A
► The theory of hormesis involves repeated exposure to a mild physical, chemical, or biological stress
resulting in increased resistance to subsequent exposures to otherwise harmful doses of the same
stressors. The exposures to mild stressors are thought to induce beneficial cellular responses
leading to increased whole organism resistance to the stress. Common examples of this beneficial
response include, exercise, ischemic preconditioning, and caloric restriction (Mattson, 2008). ASEA
may increase exercise performance through a hormesis effect, but this has not yet been established.
Details
adjustment to treadmill
"warm up"
Figure 3: Rate of Muscle Glycogen Depletion
y
2
Figure 2: Endurance Run Time
nt
ar
► 31P NMR and EPR experiments utilizing spin trap molecules (DIPPMPO) were used to explore the
ASEA beverage for free radicals. An additional experiment using 31P NMR DIPPMPO with and
without superoxide dismutase was conducted. Results supported the presence of stable peroxyl
and/or superoxide radicals in ASEA.
Speed
(m/min)
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
Run Time (min)
Time
(min)
1
5
2
2
2
2
2
Phosphorylated ACC was normalized to
ACC content. Both were measured via
Western Blot analysis in muscle tissue.
* - Significantly different from Sedentary
within same treatment (p=0.02)
# - Significantly different than Placebo
Run (p=0.045)
Conclusions
► When adjusted to run time, the estimated rate of muscle glycogen depletion was different between ASEA Run and Placebo Run groups.
► Skeletal muscle phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was significantly increased in ASEA Run compared to ASEA Sedentary (p=0.020) and Placebo Run groups (p=0.045). Fatty
acyl CoA transport (CPT1), and beta-oxidation (beta-HAD) were not different between ASEA Run and Placebo Run groups.
► ASEA increased run time to exhaustion by 29% in mice, potentially through less inhibition of fatty acid oxidation via increased P-ACC, and muscle glycogen sparing (30%).
► The data support increased endurance capacity and altered substrate utilization in mice after one week of ASEA intake. Further research is warranted to determine if these findings are due to
hormesis influences from the ASEA beverage.
Mark P. Mattson. Hormesis Defined. Ageing Res Rev. 2008 January; 7(1): 1-7
Funding, Reoxcyn Discoveries Group