Abstract expressionism developed in New York in the 1940s as an abstract movement influenced by science and new perspectives of space, time, and relativity. It was characterized by geometrical shapes, colors, textures, and least recognizable subjects or pure abstraction. Major artists included Jackson Pollock, known for his drip paintings, and Karel Appel. Cubism, futurism, pop art, op art, installation art, and performing arts like theater and dance were also 20th century art movements that developed new styles influenced by technology, popular culture, and optical illusions.