This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence, including: - A brief history noting the term was coined in 1956. - Comparisons between human and computer intelligence in terms of speed/memory versus understanding of intellectual mechanisms. - Categories of AI including narrow/weak AI, general/strong AI, and super intelligence. - Applications like expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, robotics, and automatic programming. - Both positive and negative potential impacts are imagined, such as robots assisting with tasks but also potentially being programmed with antisocial intentions.

1. ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

2. INDEX
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• History of Artificial Intelligence
• Comparisons b/w Human and Computer
Intelligence
• Categories of Artificial Intelligence
• Applications of Artificial Intelligence
• Positive and Negative imagination effects of
Artificial Intelligence

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to acknowledgement that I,
Manik Sharma of class 9th, have
made this PowerPoint
presentation on the topic
“Artificial Intelligence”, which also
helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know
about so many new things.

5. The modern history of AI can
be traced back to the year
1956 when John McCarthy
proposed the term as the
topic for a conference held at
Dartmouth College.

6. Comparisons b/w Human and
Computer Intelligence
Normal humans have the same intellectual mechanisms
and that differences in intelligence are related to
“quantitative biochemical and physiological conditions’, but
computer programs have plenty of speed and memory but
their abilities correspond to the intellectual mechanisms
that program designers understand well enough to put in
programs. Whenever people do better than computers on
some task or computers use a lot of computation to do as
well as people, this demonstrates that the program
designers lack understanding of the intellectual
mechanisms required to do the task efficiently.

7. Categories of AI
ARTIFICIAL NARROW
INTELLIEGENCE (weak AI)
ARTIFICIAL GENERAL
INTELLIEGENCE (strong AI)
ARTIFICIAL SUPER
INTELLIGENCE

8. Applications of AI
• Expert systems.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP).
• Speech recognition.
• Computer vision.
• Robotics.
• Automatic Programming.

9. Expert systems
An Expert System is a
computer program
designed to act as an
expert in a particular
domain (area of
expertise4). Domain of
E.S. Knowledge base Facts
Heuristics Phrases in
Expert System.
Expert systems, not to
replace them, They have
been used in medical
diagnosis, chemical
analysis, geological
explorations etc.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
The goal of NLP is to
enable people and
computers to LP
communicate in a
natural (humanly)
language (such as,
English rather than
in a computer
language.

10. Speech recognition
The primary interactive
method of communication
used by humans is not reading
and writing, it is speech. The
goal of speech recognition
research is to allow computers
to understand human speech,
So that they can hear our
voices and recognize the
words we are speaking. It
simplifies the process of
interactive communication
between people and
computers, thus it advances
the goal of NLP.
Computer vision
People generally use vision
as their primary means of
sensing their environment,
we generally see more than
we hear, feel or smell or
taste. The goal of computer
vision research is to give
computers this same
powerful facility for
understanding their
surrounding. Here A.I. helps
computer to understand
what they see through
attached cameras.

11. Robotics
A Robot is a electro-
mechanical device that can
by programmed to perform
manual tasks or a
reprogrammable multi
functional manipulator
designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or specialized
devices through variable
programmed motions for
performance of variety of
tasks. An “Intelligent” robot
includes some kind of
sensory apparatus that
allows it to respond to
change in it’s environment.
Automatic Programming
Automatic programming
is the generation of
programs by computer,
usually based on
specifications that are
higher-level and easier
for humans to specify
than ordinary
programming
languages. It’s one of
the most important part
of A.I.

12. Positive Imagination
Maybe, the day is not far when
we will just sit back in our cozy
little beds and just command our
personal Robot’s to entirely do
our ruts. He will be a perfect
companion for us. Just enjoy the
Technology.

13. Negative Imagination
It may end in other way too. Some day there will be
a knock at our door. As we open it, we’ll see large
number of Robots marching into our house
destroying everything we own and looting you. This
is because ever since there is an advantage in the
Technology, it attracts antisocial elements. This is
true for Robots too. Because now they will have full
power to think as human, even as of antisocial
elements. So we should think trice before giving
them power of Cognition.