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1. Artificial
Intelligence
Arber Alibeja

2. What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
1. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
2. The ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take actions that
have the best chance of achieving a specific goal.
3. Understanding Artificial Intelligence
4. When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, the first thing they usually think of is
robots. That's because big-budget films and novels weave stories about human-like machines that
wreak havoc on Earth. But nothing could be further from the truth.
5. Artificial intelligence is based on the principle that human intelligence can be defined in a way that
a machine can easily mimic it and execute tasks, from the most simple to those that are even more
complex. The goals of artificial intelligence include learning, reasoning, and perception.

3. Artificial intelligence refers
to the simulation of human
intelligence in machines.
The goals of artificial
intelligence include learning,
reasoning, and perception.
AI is being used across
different industries including
finance and healthcare.
Weak AI tends to be simple
and single-task oriented,
while strong AI carries on
tasks that are more complex
and human-like.
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4. Applications
of Artificial
Intelligence
The applications for artificial intelligence are endless. The
technology can be applied to many different sectors and
industries. AI is being tested and used in the healthcare
industry for dosing drugs and different treatment in patients,
and for surgical procedures in the operating room.
Other examples of machines with artificial intelligence include
computers that play chess and self-driving cars. Each of these
machines must weigh the consequences of any action they
take, as each action will impact the end result. In chess, the
end result is winning the game. For self-driving cars, the
computer system must account for all external data and
compute it to act in a way that prevents a collision.

5. Natural
language
processing
Natural language processing (NLP) gives machines the ability to read
and understand human language. A sufficiently powerful natural language
processing system would enable natural-language user interfaces and the
acquisition of knowledge directly from human-written sources, such as newswire
texts. Some straightforward applications of natural language processing
include information retrieval, text mining, question answering and machine
translation, Many current approaches use word co-occurrence frequencies to
construct syntactic representations of text. "Keyword spotting" strategies for
search are popular and scalable but dumb; a search query for "dog" might only
match documents with the literal word "dog" and miss a document with the word
"poodle". "Lexical affinity" strategies use the occurrence of words such as
"accident" to assess the sentiment of a document. Modern statistical NLP
approaches can combine all these strategies as well as others, and often achieve
acceptable accuracy at the page or paragraph level, but continue to lack the
semantic understanding required to classify isolated sentences well. Besides the
usual difficulties with encoding semantic commonsense knowledge, existing
semantic NLP sometimes scales too poorly to be viable in business applications.
Beyond semantic NLP, the ultimate goal of "narrative" NLP is to embody a full
understanding of commonsense reasoning

6. Machine perception is
the ability to use input
from sensors (such as
cameras (visible
spectrum or infrared),
microphones, wireless
signals, and active lidar,
sonar, radar, and tactile
sensors) to deduce
aspects of the world.
Logic is used for
knowledge
representation and
problem solving, but it
can be applied to other
problems as well. For
example,
the satplan algorithm
uses logic
for planning and inductiv
e logic programming is a
method for learning.
AI is heavily used
in robotics. Advanced robotic
arms and other industrial
robots, widely used in
modern factories, can learn
from experience how to move
efficiently despite the
presence of friction and gear
slippage. A modern mobile
robot, when given a small,
static, and visible
environment, can easily
determine its location
and map its environment;
however, dynamic
environments, such as
(in endoscopy) the interior of
a patient's breathing body,
pose a greater challenge
Perception LogicMotion and
manipulation

7. HOW CAN AI BE DANGEROUS?
Most researchers agree that a superintelligent AI is unlikely to exhibit human emotions like love or
hate, and that there is no reason to expect AI to become intentionally benevolent or
malevolent. Instead, when considering how AI might become a risk, experts think two scenarios
most likely:
The AI is programmed to do something devastating: Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence
systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily
cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently lead to an AI war that also
results in mass casualties. To avoid being thwarted by the enemy, these weapons would
be designed to be extremely difficult to simply “turn off,” so humans could plausibly lose control
of such a situation. This risk is one that’s present even with narrow AI, but grows as levels of AI
intelligence and autonomy increase.
The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method for achieving
its goal: This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with ours, which is strikingly
difficult. If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it
might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in vomit, doing not what you wanted but
literally what you asked for. If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering
project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop
it as a threat to be met.

8. The End