This Case assignment has 5 parts¡ Create a benefit plan for a fjosephineboon366
Â
This Case assignment has 5 parts:
¡ Create a benefit plan for a fictitious company you select. First, select the mandated parts of the benefits plan you want to offer your employees. What are the laws that mandate these benefits?
¡ Develop another list of additional benefits or perks you want to use to attract new talent.
¡ Explain in great detail why you selected each benefit or perk and why you did not select others.
¡ What additional benefits not mentioned in the readings do other employers offer that make them one of the companies that people want to work for?
¡ As you know, health insurance coverage is not always provided to employees. What are the laws surrounding when employers are required to offer health insurance coverage to its employees?
You have a choice: Your submission can be a 3- to 4-page Word document (not counting the cover page or the reference page), a 10- to 12-slide presentation (not counting the cover slide or reference list slide), or a 4-page informational flyer to hand out to the companyâs new employees.
If you opt to create a PowerPoint presentation, remember that workers want to see presentations that have five words and a picture on every slide, and the pictures must be of real people, preferably employees of the company giving the presentation. Make your presentation colorful yet professional, preferably with only one font style, though a couple of different font sizes may be used.
If you opt to create a 4-page informational flyer for employees, make it colorful yet professional. Use no more than three different font styles on the pages.
Utilize at least three valid sources of information, at least two of them peer-reviewed academic journal articles from the Trident Online Library. Citing sources of information in the text as well as in the reference list at the end of your assignment is required.
Citation and reference style instructions are available athttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/. Also see Trident University'sStudent Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper.
You will find the following useful as you critique sources:
Cornell University. (2015). Critically analyzing information sources: Critical appraisal and analysis. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill26.htm
Cornell University. (2014). Evaluating Web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html
Review the required background readings for this Module, paying special attention to the differences between mandated and voluntary benefits and perks. As you have learned, some benefits are required by law while others are voluntarily offered by employers to entice new talent. After reading the article,Types of Employee Benefits and Perks, for an overview of the employee benefits area, conduct additional research regarding the different employee benefits offered today to employees by employers.
Reply 1
Impact of cloud on the operating system:
F ...
This Case assignment has 5 parts¡ Create a benefit plan for a f.docxjuliennehar
Â
This Case assignment has 5 parts:
¡ Create a benefit plan for a fictitious company you select. First, select the mandated parts of the benefits plan you want to offer your employees. What are the laws that mandate these benefits?
¡ Develop another list of additional benefits or perks you want to use to attract new talent.
¡ Explain in great detail why you selected each benefit or perk and why you did not select others.
¡ What additional benefits not mentioned in the readings do other employers offer that make them one of the companies that people want to work for?
¡ As you know, health insurance coverage is not always provided to employees. What are the laws surrounding when employers are required to offer health insurance coverage to its employees?
You have a choice: Your submission can be a 3- to 4-page Word document (not counting the cover page or the reference page), a 10- to 12-slide presentation (not counting the cover slide or reference list slide), or a 4-page informational flyer to hand out to the companyâs new employees.
If you opt to create a PowerPoint presentation, remember that workers want to see presentations that have five words and a picture on every slide, and the pictures must be of real people, preferably employees of the company giving the presentation. Make your presentation colorful yet professional, preferably with only one font style, though a couple of different font sizes may be used.
If you opt to create a 4-page informational flyer for employees, make it colorful yet professional. Use no more than three different font styles on the pages.
Utilize at least three valid sources of information, at least two of them peer-reviewed academic journal articles from the Trident Online Library. Citing sources of information in the text as well as in the reference list at the end of your assignment is required.
Citation and reference style instructions are available athttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/. Also see Trident University'sStudent Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper.
You will find the following useful as you critique sources:
Cornell University. (2015). Critically analyzing information sources: Critical appraisal and analysis. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill26.htm
Cornell University. (2014). Evaluating Web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html
Review the required background readings for this Module, paying special attention to the differences between mandated and voluntary benefits and perks. As you have learned, some benefits are required by law while others are voluntarily offered by employers to entice new talent. After reading the article,Types of Employee Benefits and Perks, for an overview of the employee benefits area, conduct additional research regarding the different employee benefits offered today to employees by employers.
Reply 1
Impact of cloud on the operating system:
F ...
This Case assignment has 5 parts¡ Create a benefit plan for a fjosephineboon366
Â
This Case assignment has 5 parts:
¡ Create a benefit plan for a fictitious company you select. First, select the mandated parts of the benefits plan you want to offer your employees. What are the laws that mandate these benefits?
¡ Develop another list of additional benefits or perks you want to use to attract new talent.
¡ Explain in great detail why you selected each benefit or perk and why you did not select others.
¡ What additional benefits not mentioned in the readings do other employers offer that make them one of the companies that people want to work for?
¡ As you know, health insurance coverage is not always provided to employees. What are the laws surrounding when employers are required to offer health insurance coverage to its employees?
You have a choice: Your submission can be a 3- to 4-page Word document (not counting the cover page or the reference page), a 10- to 12-slide presentation (not counting the cover slide or reference list slide), or a 4-page informational flyer to hand out to the companyâs new employees.
If you opt to create a PowerPoint presentation, remember that workers want to see presentations that have five words and a picture on every slide, and the pictures must be of real people, preferably employees of the company giving the presentation. Make your presentation colorful yet professional, preferably with only one font style, though a couple of different font sizes may be used.
If you opt to create a 4-page informational flyer for employees, make it colorful yet professional. Use no more than three different font styles on the pages.
Utilize at least three valid sources of information, at least two of them peer-reviewed academic journal articles from the Trident Online Library. Citing sources of information in the text as well as in the reference list at the end of your assignment is required.
Citation and reference style instructions are available athttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/. Also see Trident University'sStudent Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper.
You will find the following useful as you critique sources:
Cornell University. (2015). Critically analyzing information sources: Critical appraisal and analysis. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill26.htm
Cornell University. (2014). Evaluating Web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html
Review the required background readings for this Module, paying special attention to the differences between mandated and voluntary benefits and perks. As you have learned, some benefits are required by law while others are voluntarily offered by employers to entice new talent. After reading the article,Types of Employee Benefits and Perks, for an overview of the employee benefits area, conduct additional research regarding the different employee benefits offered today to employees by employers.
Reply 1
Impact of cloud on the operating system:
F ...
This Case assignment has 5 parts¡ Create a benefit plan for a f.docxjuliennehar
Â
This Case assignment has 5 parts:
¡ Create a benefit plan for a fictitious company you select. First, select the mandated parts of the benefits plan you want to offer your employees. What are the laws that mandate these benefits?
¡ Develop another list of additional benefits or perks you want to use to attract new talent.
¡ Explain in great detail why you selected each benefit or perk and why you did not select others.
¡ What additional benefits not mentioned in the readings do other employers offer that make them one of the companies that people want to work for?
¡ As you know, health insurance coverage is not always provided to employees. What are the laws surrounding when employers are required to offer health insurance coverage to its employees?
You have a choice: Your submission can be a 3- to 4-page Word document (not counting the cover page or the reference page), a 10- to 12-slide presentation (not counting the cover slide or reference list slide), or a 4-page informational flyer to hand out to the companyâs new employees.
If you opt to create a PowerPoint presentation, remember that workers want to see presentations that have five words and a picture on every slide, and the pictures must be of real people, preferably employees of the company giving the presentation. Make your presentation colorful yet professional, preferably with only one font style, though a couple of different font sizes may be used.
If you opt to create a 4-page informational flyer for employees, make it colorful yet professional. Use no more than three different font styles on the pages.
Utilize at least three valid sources of information, at least two of them peer-reviewed academic journal articles from the Trident Online Library. Citing sources of information in the text as well as in the reference list at the end of your assignment is required.
Citation and reference style instructions are available athttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/. Also see Trident University'sStudent Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper.
You will find the following useful as you critique sources:
Cornell University. (2015). Critically analyzing information sources: Critical appraisal and analysis. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill26.htm
Cornell University. (2014). Evaluating Web sites: Criteria and tools. Retrieved fromhttp://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/webeval.html
Review the required background readings for this Module, paying special attention to the differences between mandated and voluntary benefits and perks. As you have learned, some benefits are required by law while others are voluntarily offered by employers to entice new talent. After reading the article,Types of Employee Benefits and Perks, for an overview of the employee benefits area, conduct additional research regarding the different employee benefits offered today to employees by employers.
Reply 1
Impact of cloud on the operating system:
F ...
Fostering Value Creation with Digital Platforms A UnifiedTh.docxbudbarber38650
Â
Fostering Value Creation with Digital Platforms: A Unified
Theory of the Application Programming Interface Design
Jochen Wulf and Ivo Blohm
Institute of Information Management, University of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
While many firms in recent years have started to offer public Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs), firms struggle with shaping digital plat-
form strategies that align API design with aspired business goals and the
demands of external developers. We address the lack of theory that
explains the performance impacts of three API archetypes (professional,
mediation, and open asset services). We couple survey data from 152
API product managers with manually coded API design classifications.
With this data, we conduct cluster and regression analyses that reveal
moderating effects of two value creation strategies (economies of scope
in production and innovation) on the relationships between API arche-
type similarity and two API performance outcomes: return on invest-
ment and diffusion. We contribute to IS literature by developing
a unifying theory that consolidates different theoretical perspectives
on API design, by extending current knowledge on the performance
effects of API design, and by empirically studying the distinct circum-
stances under which digital platforms facilitate economies of scope in
production or in innovation. Our results provide practical implications
on how API providers can align API archetype choice with the value
creation strategy and the APIâs business objective.
KEYWORDS
Application programming
interface; boundary
resource; digital platform;
economies of scope; cluster
analysis; API design
Introduction
The growing number of publicly available Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
suggests that offering APIs today has become a common instrument of digital strategy
[85]. The API directory ProgrammableWeb reported over 22,500 registered APIs in
October 2019 and a five-year consecutive growth rate of over 10 percent [85]. By now,
successfully designed and managed APIs outperform traditional modes of service distri-
bution (such as e-commerce websites) at well-known digital service providers such as
Expedia, eBay, and Salesforce [51, 73].
The majority of API providers, however, struggles with designing successful APIs,
because a solid technical solution does not suffice; rather, the API must align with the
overall business objectives and the demands of third-party developers and end customers
[11]. Considering that APIs transform entire industries by enabling agile service develop-
ment, specialization, scalability, and leveraging network effects [73], many firms overlook
the APIsâ significance for their strategic competitiveness [51]. The misalignment of an
APIâs design and its providerâs business objectives may be the consequence. For example,
CONTACT Jochen Wulf [email protected] Institute of Information Management, University of St.Gallen
Mueller Friedberg Strasse 8, St. G.
Effective Cross-Domain Collaborative Filtering using Temporal Domain â A Brie...IJMTST Journal
Â
Cross-domain collaborative filtering (CDCF) is an evolving research topic in recommender systems. It aims to alleviate the data sparsity problem in individual domains by transferring knowledge among related domains. But it has an issue of user interest drift over time. Along with data sparsity, we should also consider the temporal domains to overcome user interest drift over time problem to predict more accurately as per the current userâs interest. This paper surveys few of the pilot studies in this research line and the methods of how to add the temporal domains in the recommender systems. The paper also proposes possible extensions of using temporal domains with different contexts in current timestamp.
Presented by Eric Ziering, Director of Software, Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
Google Transit and the widespread adoption of the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) has had a huge impact on the availability of Transit routing and scheduling services and information,
both from Google and third parties such as HopStop.com. The effect has been to provide
the public with high-quality information services (well beyond what was imaginable a decade
ago) while lowering the cost to transit agencies. In his presentation, Mr. Ziering will tie together a
number of transit-related information systems projects that are now in progress or have recently
been completed by Cambridge Systematics that illustrate this theme of cost-effectiveness through
the innovative use of information technology. Together, these projects showcase the potential to
maximize the effectiveness of existing transit agency resources through innovative use of information systems.
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 47 (2014) 28â45Cont.docxedgar6wallace88877
Â
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 47 (2014) 28â45
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s i m p a t
Insight Maker: A general-purpose tool for web-based modeling
& simulation
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.03.013
1569-190X/ďż˝ 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
E-mail address: [email protected]
1 The exact search query used was âââmodeling toolââ OR ââsimulation toolâââ in the Topic field.
Scott Fortmann-Roe
University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 29 April 2013
Received in revised form 23 March 2014
Accepted 26 March 2014
Available online 14 June 2014
Keywords:
Modeling
Simulation
Web-based technologies
System Dynamics
Agent-Based Modeling
A web-based, general-purpose simulation and modeling tool is presented in this paper. The
tool, Insight Maker, has been designed to make modeling and simulation accessible to a
wider audience of users. Insight Maker integrates three general modeling approaches â
System Dynamics, Agent-Based Modeling, and imperative programming â in a unified
modeling framework. The environment provides a graphical model construction interface
that is implemented purely in client-side code that runs on usersâ machines. Advanced fea-
tures, such as model scripting and an optimization tool, are also described. Insight Maker,
under development for several years, has gained significant adoption with currently more
than 20,000 registered users. In addition to detailing the tool and its guiding philosophy,
this first paper on Insight Maker describes lessons learned from the development of a com-
plex web-based simulation and modeling tool.
ďż˝ 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
1. Introduction
The field of modeling and simulation tools is diverse and emergent. General-purpose modeling tools (e.g. MATLABâs
Simulink or the Modelica language [1]) sit beside highly focused and domain-specific applications (e.g. [2] for modeling
network control systems, [3] for simulating the behavior of wireless network routing protocols, or [4] for the simulation
and control of turbines). Interest in and published works on such tools has grown over time. The ISI Web of Knowledge
reports a substantial growth in papers published on modeling or simulation tools with 299 such papers published in the span
of 1985â1989, 1482 published from 1995 to 1999, and 3727 published from 2005 to 2009.1
For end-users, simulation and modeling tools are generally designed as executables to be run on a consumer operating
system such as W.
Fostering Value Creation with Digital Platforms A UnifiedTh.docxbudbarber38650
Â
Fostering Value Creation with Digital Platforms: A Unified
Theory of the Application Programming Interface Design
Jochen Wulf and Ivo Blohm
Institute of Information Management, University of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
While many firms in recent years have started to offer public Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs), firms struggle with shaping digital plat-
form strategies that align API design with aspired business goals and the
demands of external developers. We address the lack of theory that
explains the performance impacts of three API archetypes (professional,
mediation, and open asset services). We couple survey data from 152
API product managers with manually coded API design classifications.
With this data, we conduct cluster and regression analyses that reveal
moderating effects of two value creation strategies (economies of scope
in production and innovation) on the relationships between API arche-
type similarity and two API performance outcomes: return on invest-
ment and diffusion. We contribute to IS literature by developing
a unifying theory that consolidates different theoretical perspectives
on API design, by extending current knowledge on the performance
effects of API design, and by empirically studying the distinct circum-
stances under which digital platforms facilitate economies of scope in
production or in innovation. Our results provide practical implications
on how API providers can align API archetype choice with the value
creation strategy and the APIâs business objective.
KEYWORDS
Application programming
interface; boundary
resource; digital platform;
economies of scope; cluster
analysis; API design
Introduction
The growing number of publicly available Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
suggests that offering APIs today has become a common instrument of digital strategy
[85]. The API directory ProgrammableWeb reported over 22,500 registered APIs in
October 2019 and a five-year consecutive growth rate of over 10 percent [85]. By now,
successfully designed and managed APIs outperform traditional modes of service distri-
bution (such as e-commerce websites) at well-known digital service providers such as
Expedia, eBay, and Salesforce [51, 73].
The majority of API providers, however, struggles with designing successful APIs,
because a solid technical solution does not suffice; rather, the API must align with the
overall business objectives and the demands of third-party developers and end customers
[11]. Considering that APIs transform entire industries by enabling agile service develop-
ment, specialization, scalability, and leveraging network effects [73], many firms overlook
the APIsâ significance for their strategic competitiveness [51]. The misalignment of an
APIâs design and its providerâs business objectives may be the consequence. For example,
CONTACT Jochen Wulf [email protected] Institute of Information Management, University of St.Gallen
Mueller Friedberg Strasse 8, St. G.
Effective Cross-Domain Collaborative Filtering using Temporal Domain â A Brie...IJMTST Journal
Â
Cross-domain collaborative filtering (CDCF) is an evolving research topic in recommender systems. It aims to alleviate the data sparsity problem in individual domains by transferring knowledge among related domains. But it has an issue of user interest drift over time. Along with data sparsity, we should also consider the temporal domains to overcome user interest drift over time problem to predict more accurately as per the current userâs interest. This paper surveys few of the pilot studies in this research line and the methods of how to add the temporal domains in the recommender systems. The paper also proposes possible extensions of using temporal domains with different contexts in current timestamp.
Presented by Eric Ziering, Director of Software, Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
Google Transit and the widespread adoption of the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) has had a huge impact on the availability of Transit routing and scheduling services and information,
both from Google and third parties such as HopStop.com. The effect has been to provide
the public with high-quality information services (well beyond what was imaginable a decade
ago) while lowering the cost to transit agencies. In his presentation, Mr. Ziering will tie together a
number of transit-related information systems projects that are now in progress or have recently
been completed by Cambridge Systematics that illustrate this theme of cost-effectiveness through
the innovative use of information technology. Together, these projects showcase the potential to
maximize the effectiveness of existing transit agency resources through innovative use of information systems.
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 47 (2014) 28â45Cont.docxedgar6wallace88877
Â
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 47 (2014) 28â45
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s i m p a t
Insight Maker: A general-purpose tool for web-based modeling
& simulation
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.03.013
1569-190X/ďż˝ 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
E-mail address: [email protected]
1 The exact search query used was âââmodeling toolââ OR ââsimulation toolâââ in the Topic field.
Scott Fortmann-Roe
University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 29 April 2013
Received in revised form 23 March 2014
Accepted 26 March 2014
Available online 14 June 2014
Keywords:
Modeling
Simulation
Web-based technologies
System Dynamics
Agent-Based Modeling
A web-based, general-purpose simulation and modeling tool is presented in this paper. The
tool, Insight Maker, has been designed to make modeling and simulation accessible to a
wider audience of users. Insight Maker integrates three general modeling approaches â
System Dynamics, Agent-Based Modeling, and imperative programming â in a unified
modeling framework. The environment provides a graphical model construction interface
that is implemented purely in client-side code that runs on usersâ machines. Advanced fea-
tures, such as model scripting and an optimization tool, are also described. Insight Maker,
under development for several years, has gained significant adoption with currently more
than 20,000 registered users. In addition to detailing the tool and its guiding philosophy,
this first paper on Insight Maker describes lessons learned from the development of a com-
plex web-based simulation and modeling tool.
ďż˝ 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
1. Introduction
The field of modeling and simulation tools is diverse and emergent. General-purpose modeling tools (e.g. MATLABâs
Simulink or the Modelica language [1]) sit beside highly focused and domain-specific applications (e.g. [2] for modeling
network control systems, [3] for simulating the behavior of wireless network routing protocols, or [4] for the simulation
and control of turbines). Interest in and published works on such tools has grown over time. The ISI Web of Knowledge
reports a substantial growth in papers published on modeling or simulation tools with 299 such papers published in the span
of 1985â1989, 1482 published from 1995 to 1999, and 3727 published from 2005 to 2009.1
For end-users, simulation and modeling tools are generally designed as executables to be run on a consumer operating
system such as W.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
Â
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
Â
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
Â
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
Â
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
Â
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Â
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Arguing By Analogy An Essay On Regulating User Generated Content On Peer-2-Peer Platforms From The Boundary Resource Model Perspective
1. Arguing by Analogy: Regulating User Generated Content on Peer-2-Peer
Platforms from the Boundary Resource Model Perspective
Alexandros Johannes Bletsis
4743318
Technische Universiteit Delft, MSc Complex Systems Engineering and Management - SEN1641
Abstract- Peer-2-Peer platforms provide a new way for individuals to interact with each other both digitally and physically.
Consequently, the number of users populating such platforms and providing so called user generated content is increasing
significantly. Therefore, platform owners require a new interface with their users enforcing new modes of governance to
ensure the integrity of the platform. In this essay, I argue for a philosophical analogy between content creation on B2C
software platforms and P2P content platforms in order to identify possible interfaces between content creators and the
platform. As a result, an analogous boundary resources model for P2P platforms is erected creating a clear overview how
such interfaces should be positioned in a P2P platform ecosystem. In future research, the model could be expanded to a
framework that functions as a method for analysing and designing P2P platforms and user contribution.
-Introduction-
The emergence of Peer-2-Peer (P2P) platforms provides resources for a new economic and societal development,
as they are reshaping the way individuals organize, interact and contribute both digitally and physically. Furthermore, P2P
platforms are becoming increasingly popular due to better transparency, the ability to connect with your peer without
intermediary, a diverse prosumer offering and the emergence of a collaborative economy. Moreover, direct contact between
user groups in the (temporary or permanent) exchange of goods and information in a digital environment is valued highly by
young adults of the millennial generation (Bellotti et al., 2015). Millennials, born in 1985-1996, are often characterised as
âdigital natives and the networked generationâ, are motivated by sustainable development, have a strong desire to contribute
and to be part of a society such as a platform ecosystem (Sweeney, 2006). Consequently, most Millennials are members of
P2P media platforms on which they absorb and generate user contents that inevitably influences their decisions to a large
extent (Marketingcharts, 2014). To be precise, user generated content in P2P platforms can be considered as active user
contributions that attempt to communicate specific contextual information, encoded into a form of expression supported by
the platform (video, static visuals or textual), with other platform users (peers).
Similarly, there are certain advantages from the perspective of the platform owner in leveraging users to generate
and aggregate content, namely, the economic benefits due to the voluntary content creation and the creation of a sense
community, thereby generating additional positive network effects and repulsing negative network effects (Cook, 2008;
Parker et al., 2016). However, this requires the design of user contribution systems that effectively communicate the user
generated contents (active user contributions) with the rest of the platform ecosystem (Cook, 2008). Consequently, when
engaging in user contributions, the platform owner allocates significant control to âthird partyâ content creators that add to
the extensible knowledge base of the platform without immediate supervision.
Therefore, a thorough system needs to be in place through which a certain degree of behavioural control is exerted
on the content generation process, whilst retaining high levels of trust and external contribution. More specifically, the design
of such a system requires a technical architecture, governance elements and to be appropriately positioned in the platform
periphery by means of a user interface (Tiwana, 2013; de Rivera et al., 2016). Depending on the characteristics of the P2P
platform, different design specifications might be necessary as de Rivera et al. (2016) showed in their research on
collaborative consumption. Nevertheless, it can be expected that a recursive structure might appear when designing
successful user interfaces, however, frameworks that provide a structured overview are not readily available to my
knowledge.
On the contrary, in B2C software platforms, platform ecosystems are often cultivated by means of third-party
application developers that satisfy the end-users of the platform by adding applications to its extensible code base. Therefore,
the platform owner should focus on providing the appropriate resources to support third-party developers by means of
boundary resources (Ghazawneh & Henfridsson, 2013). Consequently, Ghazawneh and Henfridsson (2013) provide a
boundary resources model that provides clearly defined building blocks for defining boundary resources in the context of the
platform of study. This is particularly useful when discussing the role of so called boundary resources in platforms. In this
essay, I will try to draw the analogy between third party application development and user generated content in order to
develop an analogous boundary resources model for governing P2P user generated content.
âBoundary resources are the software tools and regulations that serve as the interface for the armâs-length relationship between the
platform owner and the application developer. Hence, boundary resources are imperative to transfer design capability to users with the
intention to generate complementary applicationsâ
- Ghazawneh and Henfridsson (2013)
2. -Arguing by analogy-
In short, an analogy can be seen as the conceptual mapping between two subjects (the analogue, subject A and the
target subject, subject B) that share some similarity such that the logic (Assigned-Predicate) of a familiar subject (subject A)
may be transplanted into the other subject (subject B). Thus, granting the ability to draw new conclusions in one subject
(subject B) based on observations made in the other (subject A) (Juthe, 2005).
Analogue B2C software platforms
Assigned-predicate Platform boundary resources
Target subject P2P user generated content platforms
According to Juthe (2005), unlike in inductive and deductive relations, the inference goes through an analogical
relation. As aforementioned, a good argument is often one where the contents of the premises and the conclusion are
sufficiently related. Therefore, a good argument by analogy is one where there exists a one-to-one correspondence of all
relevant concepts between the two subjects. In this analogy, we will be traversing concepts between similar domains yet
with distinctly different characteristics that would make a âsimpleâ argument for similarity counterintuitive.
-The boundary resources model-
Before continuing with the analogy, I briefly paraphrase the boundary resources model of Ghazawneh and
Henfridsson (2013). Their model consists of three main components namely, the platform, boundary resources and the third-
party applications and four relations between those components, this is visualised in figure 1.
More specifically, the platform can be seen as the extensible code base of a software system that provides the core
functionality other applications can leverage.
First, the platform (owner) designs the
boundary resources. The platform initiates the
boundary resource design in order to facilitate
new contributions and retain a certain degree
of control. Therefore, good design can
stimulate and empower third-party
developers.
Second, the third-party developers
make use of the boundary resources for the
design of applications for their end-users. For
instance, using the available Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs) in order to
utilise the capabilities of the platform.
Noteworthy to mention is that not all
boundary resources are mandatory, they
often attempt to enable design opportunities
that will inevitably benefit the platform end-
users.
Third, the boundary resources
resource the platform. In other words, this is
the process where the ecosystem is enhanced
by means of application heterogeneity.
Consequently, this could impact the scope of the platform by adding extra functionalities, new resources, knowledge and
capabilities.
Fourth, the boundary resources secure the platform through exerting a certain degree of control its community.
Securing would often refer to preventing platform infringement due to faulty applications. An example would be to modify
the terms of agreement between developer and the platform owner or the management of certain software settings.
-Traversing between concepts-
I hope that by now, my claim for the analogy has likewise strengthened from your perspective. Nevertheless, one
might still ask, why would you even need to analogise? Additionally, is it not possible to simply use the same conceptual
structure on P2P platforms? From my experience, when talking about platforms that do not have a direct link to (third-party)
application development, applying the boundary resources model of Ghazawneh and Henfridsson (2013) is rather difficult or
Figure 1 - boundary resources model as borrowed from Ghazawneh and Henfridsson
(2013)
3. in the end will sound gibberish while missing the essence. Even though the elements of trust, governance and control are
universal in all types of platforms and as de Rivera et al. (2016) stated, having a common and neat model of reference allows
for better communication. Therefore, I believe there is an added value in traversing concepts between B2C and P2P platforms
related to content control. In the following schema, I attempt to create an overview of the P2P concepts that have more or
less been discussed so far in relation with their B2C counterparts.
Target subject Analogue
A P2P (user generated content) platform is the
extensible knowledge base of a web-based system that
provides the core information for the peers that
interact with it
Ăł
A B2C (software) platform is the extensible codebase of
a software-based system that provides core functionality
for the applications that interoperate with it
(user) Content creators Ăł Third-party application developers
content in some form of expression providing material
to be absorbed by the peers of the platform
Ăł Applications that are executable pieces of software
providing a service to the end-users of the platform
enhancing the platform ecosystem with a diversity of
user generated content that lead to new platform
functions
Ăł Enhancing the platform ecosystem with a diversity of
applications that broaden the scope of the platform
(resourcing)
Process and policies that regulate user generated
content on the platform
Ăł Process and policies that regulate the services provided
on the platform (securing)
-Finalising the argument-
As you might have noticed already, one element and two relations of the boundary resources model arestill missing.
These concepts ought to be discussed in more detail since they argue for the assigned predicate of the target subject. Scott
Cook (2008), has as per my opinion come close to defining what would be a boundary resource for capturing user
contributions. In his article, he explains why users contribute and that in order for platform owners to facilitate and leverage
such contributions, the platform must consist of a âuser contribution systemâ containing the appropriate methods to do so.
Similarly, de Rivera et al. (2016) describe that a sophisticated- system architecture and user interface are key to facilitating
highly dynamic, efficient and reliable P2P collaborative interactions that build trust and virtual reputation.
Consequently, there seems to be a need for an interface that allows both users to generate content and platform
owners to regulate and leverage that content. Therefore, I suggest that boundary resources analogy for P2P platforms should
involve the interaction between the content creators and the platform by means of User Interfaces (UIs). These communicate
the policies of the platform and provides structure to the way users generate content on the platform. Furthermore, UI design
is a delicate process that requires careful deliberation about the graphical layout and how to facilitate new forms of
expression whilst retaining a degree of control. Similarly, the content creators make use of the UIs to publish their content
and communicate it with their peers on the platform. For instance, UIs could scope content creators to standard a layout or
pre-specified sizes such as word count or image sizes and quality standards. The next schema attempts to analogise the
aforementioned concepts of the target subject with their analogue counterparts.
Target subject Analogue
Tools (embedded within the user interfaces) that
regulate the user generated content and serves as the
interface between the platform and its content
creators
Ăł
Software tools and regulations that serve as the
interface between the platform and the third-party
application developers (Assigned predicate)
The careful deliberation of selecting graphical layout
and means exerting control of the User Interfaces to
facilitate new formats of expression
Ăł Design of boundary resources to facilitate new
contributions and empower third-party developers
whilst retaining a certain degree of control
The use of the UIs to publish content for peers Ăł The use of boundary resources to create new
applications for end-users
4. With the growing number of users that exploit P2P services, platform owners need to shift focus to facilitating the
right support for content creators to stay engaged (Täuscher, 2017). A schematic overview that positions the role of User
Interfaces (boundary resources) within the platform ecosystem, provides means for their purposeful design using a plethora
of available platform theoretical concepts. I would like to conclude this essay with the adapted boundary resources model
including a brief example of a P2P user generated content platform âSkillshare.comâ next to the scheme (figure 2).
Platform P2P educational platform Skillshare.com
UIs Class management tools, video upload tools
and instructive resources
User generated
content
Instructive and educational videos made
available by peers on the platform
Resourcing Different types educational videos, the
addition of new content and inspiration for
new content developments
Securing Instructions, rules and regulations for content
creation provided through the UIs of the
platform. Such as length and quality/design of
videos and tutorials
UI use Upload, manage and promote educational
videos, profile management
UI design Constant innovation of user friendly interfaces
that encourage peer-educators to join the
platform and continuous production
Figure 2- Boundary resources model analogy for P2P platforms
5. References
Bellotti, V., Ambard, A., Turner, D., Gossmann, C., Demkova, K., & Carroll, J. M. (2015). A muddle of models of motivation for
using peer-to-peer economy systems. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems (pp. 1085-1094). ACM.
Cook, S. (2008). The contribution revolution: Letting volunteers build your business. Harvard business review, 86(10), 60-69.
de Rivera, J., Gordo, Ă., Cassidy, P., & ApesteguĂa, A. (2016). A netnographic study of P2P collaborative consumption
platformsâ user interface and design. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, 11-27.
Ghazawneh, A., & Henfridsson, O. (2013). Balancing platform control and external contribution in third-party development:
the boundary resources model. Information Systems Journal, 23(2), 173-192.
Juthe, A. (2005). Argument by analogy. Argumentation, 19(1), 1-27.
Marketingcharts. (2014). Millennials said to be highly trusting of user-generated content. (last accessed: July 3rd, 2018)
Retrieved from: https://www.marketingcharts.com/digital-41276
Parker, G. G., Van Alstyne, M. W., & Choudary, S. P. (2016). Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming
the Economy and How to Make Them Work for You. WW Norton & Company.
Skillshare. (nd). A P2P educational platform. (last accessed: July 5th, 2018) Retrieved from: https://www.skillshare.com/home
Sweeney, R. (2006). Millennial behaviours and demographics. Newark: New Jersey Institute of Technology, 12(3), 10.
Täuscher, K. (2017). Leveraging collective intelligence: How to design and manage crowd-based business models. Business
Horizons, 60(2), 237-245.
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