The Benefits and Challenges of Open Educational Resources
Are We Open Educators?
1. Are We Open Educators?
Carmen Holotescu
„Ioan Slavici” University of Timisoara, Romania
Gabriela Grosseck
West University Timisoara, Romania
Ramona Bran
West University Timisoara, Romania
Razvan Bogdan
University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania
CESC 2017
November 9-10, 2017 - Timisoara Romania
2. Content
1. What is Open Education
2. What about Open Education in Romania
3. Who are Open Educators
4. How to become (better) Open Educators
5. Instead of Conclusions
3. Open Education Definition
Core and Transversal Dimensions
Open education is a mode of realising
education, enabled by digital technologies
aiming to widen access and participation to
everyone.
It offers multiple ways of teaching and learning,
building and sharing knowledge, as well as a
variety of access routes to formal and non-
formal education, bridging them.
Open education means access to content,
courses, support, assessment and certification
in ways that are flexible, and accommodate
diverse needs. Barriers, as regards for example
entry or cost, are reduced or eliminated.
Source: OpenEdu JRC IPTS Report “Opening up
Education: a support framework for HE
institutions”, 2016
ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/open-education
4. „ICT tools, Open Educational
Resources (OERs), and open
educational practices (OEPs)
allow for an increase in the
effectiveness of education,
allowing for more personalised
learning, a better learning
experience.
Ultimately, opening up
education may lead to a
situation where all individuals
may learn anytime, anywhere,
with the support of anyone,
using any device.”
Open Education Europa
Opening up education through new technologies Initiative
openeducationeuropa.eu
ec.europa.eu/education/policy/strategic-framework/education-
technology_en.htm (Sept 2013)
5. OER Definition
[…] „the open provision of
educational resources,
enabled by information and
communication
technologies, for
consultation, use and
adaptation by a community
of users for non-commercial
purposes.”
unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/access-to-knowledge/open-educational-resources
UNESCO (2002)
6. unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002136/213605e.pdf
What are OERs? Open Educational Resources
„are any type of educational
materials that are in the public
domain or introduced with an open
license.
The nature of these open materials
means that anyone can legally and
freely copy, use, adapt and re-share
them. OERs range from textbooks to
curricula, syllabi, lecture notes,
assignments, tests, projects, audio,
video
and animation.”
Big and Little OERs
(Weller, 2010)
Massive OERs = OpenMOOCs
(ECO Project, OE Consortium + EdX)
7. flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/8620174342/
2008 - 1st cMOOC: George Siemens and Stephen Downes co-taught “Connectivism and
Connective Knowledge” - 25 tuition-paying students at the University of Manitoba, Canada plus
~2300 participants worldwide.
web.archive.org/web/20080629220943/http://ltc.umanitoba.ca:83/connectivism/
8. class-central.com
mooc-list.com
MOOC platforms and directories
Adapted from
slideshare.net/ggrosseck/miniatelier-de-initiere-in-mooc
edx.org/verified-certificate
edx.org/xseries
edx.org/micromasters
udacity.com/nanodegree
coursera.org/specializations
futurelearn.com/programs
In May 2015 - the largest MOOC ever:
440,000 participants in English Language
Learning MOOC
http://tinyurl.com/largestMOOC
10. openuped.eu
home.eadtu.eu
Higher Education Online: MOOCs the European way
Fostering international Higher Education
collaboration though ICT and open education
menon.org/projects/emundus
The European Multiple MOOC Aggregator
platform.europeanmoocs.eu
home.eadtu.eu
The European Association of Distance
Teaching Universities
ecolearning.eu
bizmooc.eu
movemeproject.eu
European Projects related to MOOCs
“MOOCs are online courses designed for large
numbers of participants (>148, Dunbar number),
that can be accessed by anyone anywhere as long
as they have an internet connection, are open to
everyone without entry qualifications, and offer a
full/complete course experience online for free”.
eadtu.eu/documents/Publications/OEenM/Institutional
_MOOC_strategies_in_Europe.pdf
European MOOC Consortium (EMC) - October
2017 (FutureLearn, FUN, EduOpen, OpenupEd
and miríadaX)
langmooc.com
moocknowledge.eu
11. Open Education in Romania
educatiedeschisa.ro
poerup.referata.com/wiki/Romania
12. CCR was launched in
September 2, 2008, with
the help of ApTI
(The Association for
Technology and Internet)
http://ro.creativecommons.org/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ro/
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Romania
13. National OE initiatives
1. Knowledge based Economy Project (2005-2013)
• OER educational policies (recommendations in 2007)
• OE Resources and Practices: in the schools participating in the project
2. OER in the Government Programme
• National Strategy on Digital Agenda for Romania 2020 (Feb 2015): Strategic Lines
of Development for ICT in Education: using OER and Web 2.0 in formal and LLL
education - imdd.ro/sites/default/files/library (ro);
• Implement an e-learning platform and online repositories for OERs -
edu.ro/rețea-de-resurse-educaționale-deschise-la-nivelul-inspectoratelor-școlare-
județene
• Digital textbooks - manuale.edu.ro; don’t use open licences / format
3. Romanian Coalition for OER
Launced in October 2013, gathering persons and organizations that support and
promote the concepts of open access and OER - educatiedeschisa.ro;
guides/workshops; organized 3 National Conferences for Open Education in
2014-6; four proposals for open education for the government
inovarepublica.ro/educatie-deschisa-romania/; OER repository was planned
(spring 2016), proposal renewed for OUG (Nov 2016)
4. The Educated Romania (2016-2018)
Project of the Romanian Presidency; a broad public debate on education and
research for a set clear policies presidency.ro/ro/romania-educata
14. MOOC platforms
- UniCampus unicampus.ro: started in April
2014 under the initiative of Politehnica
University of Timisoara and Association of
Technical Universities from Romania (rouni.ro );
offers cMOOCs on a platform based on
Moodle;
- NOVAMOOC novamooc.uvt.ro: development
and innovative implementation of MOOCs in
Higher Education, West University Timisoara
(2015-17);
- MOOC.ro mooc.ro: developed by Moodle.ro,
currently offers 2 MOOCs about Moodle and
Articulate;
- Drivers:
- researchers and teaching staff, seldom the policy makers and managers of the institutions;
- companies and associations;
- eStudent estudent.ro: MOOCs on
psychology, communication,
business, geography and Romanian
language (APIO, CTRL-D, experts);
- Startarium startarium.ro: platform
nurturing an entrepreneurship
ecosystem; a group of organizations
and experts offer MOOCs, mentoring
and crowdfunding for around 8,000
potential entrepreneurs who design
and develop their start-up plans
using the platform features;
- MOOCs for students and teachers, for
companies/start-ups
15. MOOC projects
- UniBuc Virtual unibuc-virtual.net: Credis,
Department of Distance Learning of University
of Bucharest, offered 3 MOOCs for Teachers
Training on a platform based on Google Apps;
- University "Vasile Goldis" Arad plans to offer
MOOCs in partnership with Fédération
Européenne des Écoles;
- University „Babes Bolyai” Cluj Napoca –
eLIADA eliada.ubbcluj.ro/proiect - materials for
4 MOOCs;
- MOOCs on Udemy – NGO Management,
Association Young Initiative
udemy.com/management-ong;
- Critical Thinking MOOC was developed
and run in 2014 by Maastricht School of
Management Romania on Iversity
(msmromania.org/content/msmro-
produces-first-mooc-eastern-europe);
- MOOC in medical education –
Romanian Angel Appeal Foundation –
raa.ro;
- MOOCBuddy – the 1st Messenger
chatbot for MOOCs -
facebook.com/MyMOOCBuddy;
- Drivers:
- researchers and teaching staff, seldom the policy makers and managers of the institutions
- NGOs;
16. MOOC integration in formal education
- For the next future:
- Virtual mobilities through MOOCs;
- Pilot for credit transfer system allowing
students’ participation in MOOCs to count
towards their degrees; at this moment for
some courses the participation in MOOCs
can contribute to the activity/project mark;
- Developing MOOCs together with
companies assuring a better integration in
the labour market.
- MOOCs integration in blended academic
courses at Politehnica University of
Timisoara (Web Programming,
Instructional Technologies, Embedded
Systems courses), University “Ioan
Slavici” of Timisoara (Multimedia, OOP
and Parallel Algorithms courses);
- MOOC accreditation at UPT - Digital
Marketing -
http://atelieruldigital.jaromania.org/
- Teacher continuing professional
development using MOOCS at University
“Ioan Slavici” of Timisoara - participation
in MOOCs related to OE, but also to
topics of taught courses and research
directions;
- Drivers:
- researchers and teaching staff;
- policy makers and managers of the institutions;
17. Variants of blending MOOCs in university courses
from Carmen Holotescu, Gabriela Grosseck, Vladimir-Ioan Cretu, Antoanela Naaji. (2014). Integrating
MOOCs in Blended Courses. 10th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for
Education, Bucharest, Romania –
researchgate.net/publication/260987116_Integrating_MOOCs_in_Blended_Courses
18. - For teachers:
- new skills and tasks:
- complex course design/management
- OERs and MOOCs curation
- evaluation of distributed/collaborative
activities of students,
- facilitation of the local learning
community and nurture of its
integration in the global communities of
MOOCs
- improving knowledge in their own area
of expertise
- improving their competencies/skills for
adopting new models of OEP
- For students:
- autonomy in assessing their own
learning needs for choosing the
MOOCs in which to participate
- exposing to:
- high quality materials created with
top educational technologies
- collaboration in global learning
communities
- a broader range of experiences
Benefits/Challenges of MOOCs integration in blended
courses/flipped classrooms
make xMOOCs more close to cMOOCs
19. MOOC events and studies
- Studies, PhD thesis
- search MOOC Romania on GS;
- Check also:
- Opening Up Education in Romania”
scribd.com/doc/264227758/Opening-up-
education-in-Romania
- OER in Romania
- poerup.referata.com/wiki/Romania
- Workshops (OEW) and national /
international conferences (Open
Education / eLSE, SMART) related to
open education and MOOCs organized
by members of the Romanian Coalition
for OER
20. Barriers in the OE adoption /
OERs&MOOCs development
• rigid policies in formal education related to curricular systems and
assessment practices;
• the lack of possibility to officially accredit online courses, in spite of
an impressive number of projects related to online courses over the
last 15 years, and of the policy proposals coming from different
organizations. Such courses can only be used in a blended approach
in formal education;
• the lack of MOOC-related strategies at national level in formal and
continuing education;
• teachers lack of time and interest to explore, understand, evaluate
and use new technologies, OERs and MOOCs in the teaching-learning
process;
• a reduced number of training programs for adopting open
educational practices;
• lack of incentives, official recognition and promotion for teachers
implementing open educational practices.
21. An Open Educator Definition
An Open Educator is fluent with open approaches and is an activist for openness in (higher) education.
A possible Definition:
An Open Educator choses to use open approaches, when possible and appropriate, with the
aim to remove all unnecessary barriers to learning.
He/she works through an open online identity and relies on online social networking to enrich
and implement his/her work, understanding that collaboration bears a responsibility towards
the work of others.
Design
•Open Designer:
•Shares and validates
his/her course design
ideas and curriculum
openly through social
media.
Content
•OER Expert:
•Uses open
educational content,
open licenses, by
facilitating sharing of
her resources, and
using OERs produced
by others in his/her
teaching.
Teaching
•Open Teacher:
•Adopts open
pedagogies fostering
co-creation of
knowledge and OERs
by students through
online and offline
collaboration.
Assessment
•Open Evaluator:
•Implements open
assessment practices
such as peer and
collaborative
evaluation, open
badges, and e-
portfolios.
Nascimbeni, F., & Burgos, D. (2016). In search for the Open Educator: proposal of a definition and a framework to
increase openness adoption among university educators. IRRODL, 17(6).
irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2736
22. Open Educators facilitate Open
Learning Environments.
Another Open Educator Perspective
Use Case for an
Open Learning Environment
Carmen Holotescu. (2015). A conceptual model for Open Learning Environments. ICVL 2015.
researchgate.net/profile/Carmen_Holotescu/publication/282158171_A_conceptual_model_for_Open_Learning_Environments
23. Pedagogical
• Open Educational
Resources
• Learners as content
co-creators
• Collaborative/
distributed
assessment;
Learning Analytics
Social
• Interactions with
external learners and
experts
• Collaborative
applications and
platforms
• Public PLE
• Time-
persistency/Retrieval
• Teacher
training/sharing
Learning Design
Technological
• Institutional /
administrative
management
features/ privacy
assurance
• Mobile Learning
Carmen Holotescu. (2015). A conceptual model for Open Learning Environments. ICVL 2015.
researchgate.net/profile/Carmen_Holotescu/publication/282158171_A_conceptual_model_for_Open_Learning_Environments
Open Learning Environments Characteristics
24. 10 MOOCs for Open Educators (1..3)
Curated quality MOOCs as learning paths and journeys towards openness; starting
points in a life long learning journey of learning; useful for individuals, but also
for institutions tailoring their training programs and policies.
open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=2274
Becoming an open educator sMOOC Step by Step
hub0.ecolearning.eu/course/smooc-step-by-step-3ed
Learning Online: Learning and
Collaborating
futurelearn.com/courses/learning-and-collaborating
25. 10 MOOCs for Open Educators (4..7)
edx.org/course/social-learning-social-impact-mcgillx-groocx
Social Learning for Social Impact Design and Development of Educational
Technology
edx.org/course/design-development-educational-mitx-11-132x-1
Introducing Project-Based
Learning in your Classroom
academy.schooleducationgateway.eu/web/developing-
project-based-learning-in-your-classroom
Progressing Technology-
Enhanced Teaching - MENTEP
europeanschoolnetacademy.eu/web/progressing-technology-
enhanced-teaching_201708181303
26. 10 MOOCs for Open Educators (8..10)
EMMA MOOCs of Distinction OER Learn, Find, Policy
http://www.openwa.org
NOVAMOOC MOOCs:
OERs, English, Fake News
west-university-of-timisoara.teachable.complatform.europeanmoocs.eu/#mod
27. Thank you!
Carmen Holotescu
Twitter: @cami13
tinyurl.com/cholotescu
Invitation
Romanian Coalition for OER - educatiedeschisa.ro
SMART Conferences (6th edition in 2018) – academia.edusoft.ro
eLSE Workshops on Open Education (5th edition – 19-20 April, 2018, Bucharest) – elseconference.eu
