Constructing Smart Cities Through Design Perspectives

Are Our Cities Smart
Are our cities Smart? This documentary is abut the concept of "Smart City" a current issue but however unknown to many people. Audience: The
documentary is adressed to everyone who are interested in this topic and wants to know more about it. Therefore it will not be a used a technical
langugage What we want people to learn/Attitude The main goal of the documentary is to introduce what the Smart cities are, what benefits can
provide us as a citizens, a berifly explanation about how they work and what are the origins of the concept. Also it will bring some incetives to make
people participate in some projects that need volunteers or to bring ideas. How to make it appealing: The intention is to show that Smart cities are
improving the quality
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Development Of Smart Cities Development
A Birdview on Emerging of Bigdata in Smart Cities Development
Abstract:
In the growing scenario, development of smart cities will be the most wanted area of research whose objective is to enhance the performance and well
beings of people there by reducing the cost and consumption of resources. In a smart city, core fields like transport energy, health care, water industrial
control, agriculture, waste management and soon are expected to function automatically and intelligently in a distributed manner with the help of
internet. In the era of Information technology, concept like Internet of things, Grid, Cloud and big data computing and analysis plays a vital role in
building smart cities. In this paper, different fields of smart cities and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the field of Computer Science distributed computing plays dynamic role. This software system where the components are located at remote places
and communication is done by passing the messages. A smart city is the current trend where an Indian city sector services delivery leverages
technology to enrich its resident's standard of living, provider's Positive asset climate for business and equips government to maximize resources
utilization and provide transparency.
The preference to become a smart city is driven by the stimulation to surpass challenges posed by traditional cities.Overcoming these critical challenges
in a methodical manner is very critical and necessary for cities inspired to the shift towards more sustainable city development measures among all
stakeholders,citizen,business and government .The quality of delivery from foundational elements of traditional cities is enhanced by leveraging
technology.
2. Role of IoT in smart cities:
Internet of things (IoT) is new emerging technology where the device is interconnected in a distributed manner with the help of internet. Typically it is
used to connect the advanced connectivity between the systems, devices, service beyond the machine to machine communication that covers the
variety of protocols, domain, and applications. In order to develop the smart cities the entire task must be automated in

Development Of Smart Grid Technologies
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO:IRINI SPYRIDAKIS
FROM:KAI SHI
SUBJECT:THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES
DATE:APRIAL 9, 2016
Introduction
This memorandum addresses to present an overview of the features, functionalities, and characteristics of the Smart Grid. It expounds the effects of
Smart Grid technologies on the modern electricity grid, power industry, and society. Smart Grids came up as a solution to make the electricity grid
more adapt to the demand of the times, make it more sustainable, greener, and more efficient to the delivery of electric power. Smart Grids are more
self–governing and enhance the higher effectivity and efficiency of power delivery, and they also allowrenewable energy recourses safely to connect
into the grid to replenish the power supply from the normal customers' distributed power plants and storage, power industries can minimize the cost to
build more power plants with renewable energy, transmission lines, and substations to raise the level of power supply which to adapt to the modern
electricity consumption. This memorandum can help people learn more about Smart Grids, the better understanding of its value, the less resistance to
the construction of it, the faster promotion of the development of it. The purpose of it is to introduce what the Smart Grid is, present the discussion of
its features and related technologies, demonstrate how these technologies will influence the modern electricity grid as well as keep on developing and

What Is A Smart City Essay
SMART CITY
Nowadays what do we see your cities, states, country that's nothing but enlarging smart world smart technology enriching our country itself to get
highly developed.
What actually a SMART CITY is ?... It is having making use of many such technologies that cause greater interaction of citizens with government,
having such implementation that reduces time, getting good enhancement of qualities, performance and as well leading to a Mega developed country.
A smart city can be said to be an Intellectual city or information city or best way to express it as The Digital City. Smart cities prepare a good respond
to challenges, consequences citizens of our city face. Smart city concept is mainly been in accordance for improving the management of urban,
lifestyle, livelihood.
Basically what includes in smart city, is advancement in various sectors that are actually needed for the mankind's live. That are transport system,
urbanization, agriculture field, education, etc.
The actual need for getting a smart city is due to basically due to all environmental changes happening around, where climate changes is the most
upcoming reason. Other basically involve rising population, public issues and finance problems, reconstruction,etc.
An example that I can give on a smart city is Pune city. Many projects have been implemented and on a verge of implementation to get... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern technologies are what that play an important role in smart city system. Implementing all these will only include people to the first.
SMART city include SMART people. SMART people include SMART solutions.
Smart city includes advancement in technology for development, education, transport,etc. Around more than 50 to 100 cities have been declared as
smart cities in each state.
SMART plans are made for the smart world. Including citizens, government, all for making many plans and their work

Smart Cities : Big Data, Civic Hackers, And The Quest For...
"We live in a world defined by urbanization and digital ubiquity, where mobile broadband connections outnumber fixed ones, machines dominate a new
"internet of things," and more people live in cities than in the countryside." –Anthony M. Townsend, "Smart Cities" Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic
Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia was written by Anthony M. Townsend who is an American researcher who specializes in research on the
implications of technology on cities and public institutions. His book provides incredible historical context and finishes off with well–grounded
perspectives and recommendations about the future of our cities. From start to finish he gives us the historical layout of "smart cities" and the many
failures that have shaped the notions of how technology can improve the lives of urban dwellers. Anthony M. Townsend brings together trends and
patterns in technology and cities, arguing for divergent futures based upon the path taken, while also describes corporate and government efforts that
work against citizen–based action. He tells a story about how technology will change city planning and management. The concept of the book felt more
as, corporations are making advances on planning smart cities, but do not surrender the entirety of the projects to them, make space for organic
innovation and integration of the average citizen. For Townsend to make his argument he combines his own substantial experience in government and
technology with interviews and

Constructing The Smart Cities
Title
Constructing the smart cities – The design perspective
Introduction
Humanity has officially become an urban species with more than half of the global population living in urban areas, and this would increase to 70% by
2050 (Gruen, 2013). To response the living condition, smartcity has been touted as a vanguard of strategies for urban development and regeneration.
There exists some cities are over age world, while some of them seem immoderately technocratic and instrumental, as they have been envisaged only
from a technological standpoint in recent years.
Indeed a smart city is an open city and based on data, so that public bodies need to discover a speculation of openness, making data freely accessible
online. Campbell (2011) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Designers should consider how might people find it easier to get to their destinations and how might people find new ways to save energy.
It is obvious that the smart city is not only about technology – it is also based on human and social capitals, wise management of natural resources,
participatory governance.
Designing a smart city requires visionary leaderships to guide the build out of the smart city platform architecture.
Those aspects of transformation are out of scope for this article but it is very important to be mindful of them. But we can envision the components of
the smart city architecture. The following smart city architecture representation can serve as a starting point for defining the platform services and
components needed to deliver the digital transformation for citizens. This reference can inform the human collaboration toward the smart city vision.
This needs people from different fields to complete the smart city design.
A city can be defined as 'smart' when investments in human and social capital and traditional and modern communication infrastructure fuel sustainable
economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance.

Smart Cities are employing information and communication technologies in the quest for sustainable economic development and the fostering of new
forms of collective life.
Smart cities raise

A Smart City Is Not Just About The Good Things
"Life is not just about the good things or just about the bad things. It is both. It all depends on where you focus your attention." Similarly, this quote
taken from author Anne–Marie Aguilar emphasizes this paper's argument that the concept of a smart city has positive, but also negative impacts, such
as generating class division and social inequality. However, because attention is directed towards the positive effects, this often leads one to overlook
the primarily negative influence of this phenomenon. To start with, we define a smartcity "as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional
infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies", (Batty, 2012). A real world example of this would be India, where its
"government has announced their 'Smart Cities Mission'" ("2nd smart cities," 2015). Eventually this category of cities will lead to social inequality
and exclusion, as companies, and cities focus on those who can pay to generate profits, while ignore the social benefit of the predominant lower class
citizens of India. And finally, this exclusion, will add to the digital divide in India as a result of the unequal access to modern information,
communication and technology, something a smart city revolves around. Furthermore a smart city's focus is "to enable more efficient forms of urban
management and service delivery"; however, this city leads to more than just that (Smith, 2015). Clearly, the model of a smart city holds factors which
create

Wireless Network Method Using Smart Grid Communications
WIRELESS NETWORK METHOD USING IN SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS
Ehsan Dolatshahi
Independent Study
April 22, 2015
Introduction
The old generation of electrical power grid has taken care of our needs in the past. However, as our world progress technologically, so do the
expectations from different infrastructures around us. Smart grid is an initiative to completely restructure the electrical power grid to meet the current
and future requirements of its clients. Upgrading our electrical power grid could bring novel security vulnerabilities into the system. Thus, security is
one of the key parts in smart grid technology. Smart grid technology also puts more reliability demands on WAN (wide area network) infrastructures. [1]
A smart grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to it and makes use of innovative information, control,
and communication technologies to save energy, cut cost, and raise reliability and transparency. The smart grid is an upgrade to the current electrical
power structure. Meaning, on top of the functionality of our existing power system, it has upgraded with some novel specifications. These new features
adds more vulnerability to the system. [2]
Smart grid is mainly composed of six basic systems: power generation system, distribution system, transmission network, data management and
processing system, smart metering system, and customer information system. The network architecture of smart grid

Marketing Proposal For Consumers Professional Credit Union
This marketing proposal, designed by Justin Ellenwood is created exclusively for use by Consumers Professional Credit Union.
Introduction
Consumers Professional Credit Union (CPCU) will be creating a new product and a new service to go along with this product. The product will be
a credit card reader for any mobile device. To enhance this product a mobile application will also be created. This application will be a free
application, which charges a fee per transaction. However, there will be a premium option that will waive the transaction fee, as well as gain some
enhanced features.
It was determined that a credit card reader and mobile application would be a good fit for CPCU by researching the current options, the Canadian
market, and if there is a need. First, the most known credit card reader was looked at. This would be Square and it currently operates in Canada,
Japan, Australia, and United States (Square Office Locations, n.d.). According to Cocotas (2012) in 2012, Square revealed that it was processing
payments totaling roughly $11 million a day, a $2 billion increase from the previous year.
So there is defiantly a market for credit card readers and mobile applications, but why consider Canada? Canada has a mobile readiness score of 42.0,
which is the second highest behind Singapore (Mobile Payments Readiness Index, n.d.). "According to the MasterCard Mobile Payments Readiness
Index, Canada, like the United States, is very strong in propensity and usage in

Pros And Cons Of The Dawn Of Smartcards : What You Want...
The Dawn of SmartCards: What you Need to Know about Plastc, Coin 2, and Swyp Digital wallets, digital bankcards, digital credit cards and
digital loyalty cards are becoming more and more popular. The driving force behind them is the removal of cards from your wallet. Instead of
having a wallet full of cards, you have a digital account, and if you have a SmartCard, then you may take one card out with you and access all your
card accounts with it. The Pros And Cons Of Digital Wallets And SmartCards The biggest benefit of digital wallets and SmartCards is that you
may access your cards with your phone and/or computer without having your card in your hand, and there is added security by the fact you
cannot lose your digital card on the bus. The downside is that hackers are doing their double best to hack the card companies, their apps, and to
install malware on people's phones to access their digital cards. Plastc, Coin, and Swyp do not store your card information on servers, all your card
numbers are stored on the SmartCard and the information is encrypted. Optional Perks That Digital Wallets And SmartCards May Have Checking
your balance is a little easier, and cancelling your cards may also be easier, though that depends on the issuing company. The ability to lock and
unlock your card is a perk that many people happily welcome, but again, whether you get that perk depends on the issuing company. Being able to
sign in quickly via your mobile or desktop device is a

Smart Living Essay
4.6.1 Smart Living
WHY SMART LIVING?
"By 2030 12% of worldwide population will be +65 generation (from 7% in 2010). Hence, new health–care and elderly–care solutions are needed"
[IBM Smarter City Program, 2010];
"A Smart City has to be safe; a smarter safety initiative allows to anticipate, rather just react, to problems" [Mulligan 2010].
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS:
I ncrease health–care and elderly–care services availability, increase citizens ' quality of life and satisfaction, (IBM Smarter Cities Program).
IT CONTRIBUTION
Usage of data that can predict where and when crimes will take place. "What is needed is a timely enough manner to make the difference" [IBM
Smarter Cities Program; ]. Firemen: info can give insights into the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The communication platform enables quick response to emergency services. Videoconferencing technologies facilitate remote medical centre services
to patients ' homes, for those who can not travel to hospitals [Washburn et al, 2010].
4.6.2 Smart Environment
To better face this topic, it will be divided in three parts:
Smart Energy
Smart Buildings
Smart Water Management
Smart Energy
WHY SMART ENERGY?
п‚§ Cities consume 75% of world energy [BOMA 2006];
п‚§ Through Smart Grids, globally could be reduced carbon emissions by 2.03 Gt CO2e (worth в‚¬
79 billions) [Steinert 2011];
п‚§ The world marketed energy consumption is projected to increase by 44% from 2006 to 2030
(and will increase by 73% from BRIC countries) [EIA: Energy Information Administration,
US].
п‚§ energy accounts for the largest portion of GHG emissions (29%) [McKinsey Smart 2020
Report].

п‚§ CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS:
Energy efficiency, integration of renewable sources;
57
IT CONTRIBUTION:
"Energy generation and distribution use 1/3 of all primary energy. ICT could makeelectricity generation more efficient by 40% and its transportation
and distribution by 10%" [Stancic,
2009].
Smart Grids: is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the
behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics,

Essay on Cyber Attacks on the GovernmentвЂ™s Transportation...
Breaches and Security Implications by Penetration of the Western Interconnection's
Traffic Control System and its Effects on Modern Day Life
Year after year, a number of films are released involving computer hacking of some sort along with cyber–villainy. As entertaining as they are, the
validity of these possibilities is not explored. Many of these films center revolve around a chaotic vehicle–related scene where a form of the
government's transportation grid is compromised. The breach typically involves traffic control. As the stoplights and streetlights are in a state known as
gridlock, external hackers usually make the situation as unruly as humanely plausible. However, the very nature of this unfortunate scenario can only be
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This includes the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming,
Montana, South Dakota, New Mexico, and Texas. The Western Interconnection is connected to the Eastern Interconnection via six direct current
transmission facilities. The WECC has offices in the following cities: Salt Lake, Utah; Vancouver, Washington; and Loveland, Colorado. The
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) employs eight other branches of electric reliability councils (NERC).
Currently, the level of security regarding the Western Interconnection networks is depleting, as in it is becoming ever more susceptible to external
hackers. The vulnerable nature of all the United States electric power grids brought the attention of the White House a couple years ago. The potential
of these cyber–attacks on this vital infrastructure has led to a suspicion of Chinese hackers behind the job. At the time, it was assumed that the U.S.
Congress and
3
government regulators would pressure all the electric utilities to increase security ten–fold and be ready to evade all computer intrusions. A single
breach would inevitably lead to chaos striking the entire nation. U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano expressed concerns about the
power grid's high vulnerability to

Smart City Based Smart Parking System Essay
Smart City Based Smart Parking System In Metropolitan Area Using R.F.I.D
Rohini O. Mogarkar
Electronic and Communication,
Priyadarshini College Of Engineering,Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India
Abstract: The present day metropolitan areas have seen a burgeoning growth in human population as well as vehicles. With shrinking spaces, operating
a managed, busy & expensive parking lot having multiple gates can pose significant challenges , especially to a government organization that also owns
some of the vehicles in the lot. In this paper ,a solution has been provided for thr problems encountered in parking lot management systems via RFID
readers,RFID labels,computers,barriers and software are used as for the main component of the RFID technology. The software has been handled for
the management, controlling,transaction reporting and operation task for parking lots located on various parts of the city. Check ins and Check–outs
of the parking lots will be under control with RFID readers ,labels and barriers.
Index terms:RFID card,RFID modle,L293D motor driver,IR Pair,.
I.INTRODUCTION
Vehicle traffic congestion is a worldwide problem. In recent years, efforts have been made to introduce a method to reduce parking problems such as
congestion, accidents and hazards. Parking systems can also take advantage of innovative technologies in order to improve the ease and convenience
of paying for parking. Now a day, Smart cards minimize transaction

It's Not Difficult To Hack The System Case Study
Nikita Wilson
William Bridges
CS 3544
11/13/2017
"It's Not Difficult to Hack the System"
"It's not difficult to hack the system" is what you hear from multiple professionals that work in the energy security profession. A study found by
University of Maryland department of engineering there is a hacker attack every thirty–nine seconds, affecting one in three Americans each year.[1]
This data was published in 2007 and has increased in the past decade. When Americans think of a cyber attack, one would think of it being financial
attack such as stolen credit card information. What if cyber criminals took control of the power grid? The threat is real however and within 2011 to
2014 there were 362 known targeted cyber–attacks against the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This cost the economy from 6.5–10.8 billion of dollars with over a hundred fatalities in the hospitals due to lack of power.[5]
With technology corporations knowing the risks involved with cyber attacks, research and innovation have taken steps to prevent this apocalyptic
scenario from happening again. The Department of Energy has created localized grids that are normally connected to our traditional grid, but has the
option to be disconnected to support reliability and resiliency.[6] Microgrids use advanced smart grid technologies and integrate distributed energy
resources.[4] At time,they can be used when there is a severe outage to offer local regions with reliable power even when a physical or cyber threat
occurs.[4]
Since we already have the technology to build a grid that is more resilient and less of a target for adversaries, all Americans need to push for this to
remain a priority and find ways to support legislation for a rebuilding of the infrastructure system. With companies such as Intel who are in the energy
and security sectors but also researching artificial intelligence and self automated vehicles and robots, there is a possibility that a rebuilding of the
infrastructure system is plausible. With individuals boarding millions of dollars into creating "smart cities" who knows what opportunities can occur.
As of this writing, just

Fog Computing Of Smart City Essay
FOG COMPUTING IN SMART CITY
Arti Agrahari
Abstract: This paper represents a novel idea on how Fog computing can be used to manage the immense data generated in smart city. Fog computing
can also be called as edge computing, is a distributed computing infrastructure in nature, for smart devices like mobile phones the application services
should be maintained near the end user side but the services are handled at remote data server i.e. in cloud. Our aim is to reduce the amount of storage
required, the time required in data processing and data analysis and the propagation time in cloud computing. Thus by handling data at network edge
latency can be reduced and efficiency can be improved. In smart city where the predicted data generation seems to be high enough can be stored at
network edge giving better performance in city by reducing latency.
1.INTRODUCTION
Fog computing can also be called as edge computing, is a distributed computing infrastructure in nature, for smart devices like mobile phones the
application services should be maintained near the end user side but the services are handled at remote data server i.e. in cloud. The goal is to reduce
the amount of storage required, the time required in data processing and data analysis and the propagation time in cloud computing. Mainly it is done
for efficiency purpose but security and compliance can also be achieved by fogging. Fog computation takes place at network edge and the data of
smart devices is

How Technology Has Impacted The Way Cities Operate
The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented
infrastructure. "In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing
environmental impacts". [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi–Fi–enabled smart
devices and low–cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices
collect real–time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has
been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The
result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for
other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking–spaces for drivers are
installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness
setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy
management

How Will Our Daily Lives Within The City Of Tomorrow...
How will our daily lives in the city of tomorrow unfold? What disruptions will smart systems, technologies of automation and constant connectivity
bring to our lifestyles? Which new economic models will emerge and what will be the role of the nuances of different geographical areas? What effect
will this development of future cities have on our natural resources and the environment? These are ideas and questions that I wish to speculate on and
explore.
Emergent technologies have advanced beyond our ability to conceptualize their implications. New ways of living have already emerged based on
constant aggregation and processing of data. In the name of efficiency, advanced technology like lidar, pattern recognition, synthetic sensing, and
internet of things have been introduced in models of smarter cities and smarter homes, promising constant optimization of a city's functioning and of
citizens' day to day lives. Being born and raised in a diverse and multi ethnic country like India, I've been conditioned to notice the ways in which the
cultural and regional specificity in people's lifestyles shape the identity of a city. While the mediation of technology is indisputably of central
importance when discussing the future of the urban environment, the projections for the future usually refer mostly to economically advanced
metropolises or to urban areas with no local and traditional characteristics attributed to them. Different geographical particularities, local economies and

Application Of A Smart Home
ABSTRACT Residential area consume a lot of energy and electricity. The lack of energy resources give impact to the rise of energy cost, thus to
have a convenient home is extremely important in the future. One of the way to reduce the costs in this issue is by using the energy efficiently.
The idea of energy saving is applied in the concept of a smart home. This project aims to develop an algorithm to estimate the energy plans for
future periods in a smart home in order to achieve energy efficiency. Using the Household Demand Side Management (DSM) systems, the total
usage of energy in the future can be predicted according to the demand supply in the smart home. Furthermore, it is estimated that the
simultaneousness between production and consumption of the electricity will be increasing. In this case, the house owner should be able to
manage and plan to use the electricity wisely. Powerful tools such as MATLAB / Simulink allow the design, analysis and simulation of this project.
This project will in divided into various stages including researching, experimenting, modelling, testing and designing in order to achieve the
required objectives. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1 1.1 Background of Study1 1.2 Problem Statement1 1.3 Objectives3 1.4
Scope of Study3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORY4 2.1 Theory4 2.2 Literature Review4 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION8
REFERENCES9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces and explains the project topic,

The Impact Of Internet On The Way We Do Business?
What has been the impact, positive and negative, of the Internet on the way we do business?
Internet is defined as a global system of interconnected computer systems. The internet, as we see today, allows anyone to communicate with any other
person anywhere around the world without any effort or effective cost anonymously. The advance in technology ofInternet has led to faster
communications. For example the change of dependency from postal service to much faster e–mails, online banking, social networking etc. Everything
is now at our fingertips. We can now sit at the comfort of our homes and do certain tasks which were earlier time consuming. Today business has easier
global access due to Internet. It is cost–effective and almost all the functions can be automated to make it easier and faster. Even communication has
become cheaper and faster. But as Dr.Leonard Kleinrock stated, these benefits are a perfect combination to do bad things on the Internet. Further,
the internet was built with an idea of an open access where ideas can be shared freely. But this feature that is built on trust can be easily misused. I
agree with this statement of his, cyber security is still an important issue. As reported by the New York Times (Feb 5,2015) , Primera Blue Cross, a
health insurance based company based in Washington State, where the hackers gained access to the computers on May 5, 2015, and the breach was
not discovered until Jan 29, 2015. The breach could have exposed members '

The Origin Of Smart City Movement
As the world experiences rapid advancement, the continuing population growth and urbanization are inevitable. More population are now live in urban
areas than the rural areas.
54 % of the world's population are residing in urban areas in 2014. It forecast increase to 66 percent or an addition of 2.5 billion people in 2050
(United Nation, 2014). With this continuing of urbanization, the cities indicate a suffer on its fundamental functionalities to services citizens as a
liveable place (Borja, 2007; Toppeta, 2010). This rapid transition raises the need in integrated policies to improve lives (United Nation, 2014). This
gives birth of the new urban development concept leveraging new innovation introduced in the cities (Nam and Pardo, 2011).
The origin of Smart City movement is dated back since late 1990 's (Bollier, 1998). The term has been adopted and advocated by many technologies
services companies such as IBM (2009) and Cisco (2005). It was a promotion of the integration of information systems into urban infrastructure and
services (Harrison and Donnelly, 2011).
This is a result of globalization and diffusion of technologies; cities growth process has been influenced greatly by these two factors. Information
communication technology (ICT) is now playing an important role in governance and management of the cities in various sectors e.g. government
services, transport and traffic management, energy, health care, water, innovative urban agriculture and waste management

IIi.features Of A Smart Grid
III .FEATURES OF A SMART GRID
Reliability
The smart grid uses technology to self locate faults so their rectification is fast and sound. This self healing property of smart grid makes it more
reliable than the conventional grid. Main technology used here is state estimation. Multiple routes are used in a smart grid which were used in the old
grid as well. But mostly they were radial in nature so that any failure can cause total failure of the system and the current would be shunted to other
elements.
Flexibility in network topology
Next generation grid technology would be far more flexible in transferring two way energy by allowing for distributed generation from solar cells,
fuel cells , electric vehicles, wind turbines . Classic one way distribution is not that flexible to cater to problems when load is higher than the
generating end . By using smarter grid this is possible.
Efficiency
Numerous contributions to overall improvement of the efficiency of energy infrastructure are anticipated from the deployment of smart grid
technology, in particular including demand–side management, for example turning off air conditioners during short–term spikes in electricity price,
reducing the voltage when possible on distribution lines through Voltage/VAR Optimization (VVO), eliminating truck
–rolls for meter reading, and
reducing truck–rolls by improved outage management using data from Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems. The overall effect is less redundancy
in transmission

Smart Car Marketing Plan
Smart USA Marketing Plan
Smartfortwo
Megan Barnett, Johnathon Bish, Nathan Downes, and Hannah Loyd
DeVry University, BUSN 319
April 6, 2009
Introduction and Mission Statement What seems to be the trend in today's market and what some are already practicing is the "green" life style.
There is a need to create a product that can adhere to this lifestyle in a way that helps the planet, can be done safely and in style, with effortless routine,
while clearly stating that you are contributing to the "green" way of life. Environmentalism, which is associated with the color green, is a broad
philosophy and social movement which is centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment (Wikipedia, 2009). This
movement is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There may, however, be some costs associated with the popularity of the Smartfortwo: The competition is catching onto the theme and introducing like
models; there may be added costs for hiring more management, staff and laborers; and introducing the car in a market where the unemployment rate is
higher than other areas in the region. By evaluating the current target market and then focusing on the lower–income families and marketing to that
niche, Smart USA and Penske may stabilize or continue to see an increase in sales and profit.
Current Target Market
Women and city dwellers are among the top target markets for the Smart car. Additionally, trendsetters, and the environmentally conscious and safety
conscious are also targeted. Women and trendsetters are targeted mostly because of the style and background of

Identity Theft : The Problem With Security
Identity Theft: The problem with security of who we are Identity theft is the talk of the day with many victims suffering from its dire consequences. It
has the means to ruin an individual 's life with being doubted in the near future when trying to accomplish anything that is credit and government
related. It has sent many innocent people behind bars with accusations that are fraudulent and unnecessary. By a simple credit card number and social
security number, the whole identity profile will be revealed in the eyes of criminal hacker whose main purpose is financial and benefit gain. They the
social security numbers to open bank accounts and also uses the credit accounts to make purchases as their own. Identity theft hackers steal ... Show
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It shows that hackers hunt and steal for major corporations for that they include credit card data and as well some with bank account information of its
users on the PlayStation network which is powered by Sony. PlayStation network runs on a shop platform to manage its players which include saving
your credit or debit card information if purchases are to be made in the network. Sony has issued to those who became of the victim of their identity
theft case each "1 million dollars" (Lewis, 2011) to each of its members designed to "cover legal expenses, identity restoration and lost
wages"(Lewis, 2011). Besides the PlayStation network also Qriocity music an individual company before now owned by Sony was also affected.
They made an inclusion that each members of both media establishment are to download the service free membership of an identity protection
program in order to protect and rebuild the credit and identity of the victims of the case. This was Sony's approach on protecting its customers as well
as the company on the attacks that happened and the future attacks that can happen. Was this a good approach or not?Sony PlayStation network and
Qriocity Music which was an individual company before but now owned by Sony had an identity

The Sustainability Of Intel
Executive Summary
The report takes a look into the sustainability practices carried out by Intel. Intel has carried out incremental innovation in order to drive its
sustainability activities. It has helped other industries and governments with technology–based solutions to tackle sustainability challenges which
include Open Energy,Renewable Energy, Water Conservation and Water Consumption. Intel identifies its greatest contribution to the environment in
the potential its services and solutions in IT have to offer, in order to help its clients and suppliers contribute to sustainable development. The report
also addresses the question; How Intel can improve sustainability results by conducting changes in its operations.
Complete analysis of Intel Corporation is based on the set of principles as stated in the United Nations Global Compact because it acts as a standard
for all the sustainable growth. Apart from the previous, the analysis is aligned with the sustainable goals mentioned by United Nations in order to
access the degree to which Intel satisfies these goals.
Key areas of research
Intel's inclination towards sustainability: At the Technology Innovation Summit, Intel Capital, Intel Corporation's global investment organization,
made its dedication to foster clean technology innovation much ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It consists of a series of 58 Zefr micro turbines that are capable of harnessing the 8–9 mph local wind speeds to generate 65 kilowatt–hours of power.
The seven–blade micro turbines from JLM Energy are designed to be used in an array or Wind Array Turbine System (WATS) and are mounted on the
top edge of the Robert Noyce Building, leaving the rest of the roof space free for Photo Voltic panels. It enables solar power andwind power to work
together, generating extra electricity and indeed an innovation for the betterment of the

Technology Of Square By San Francisco California
Technology of Square
In San Francisco California 2009, Twitter co–founder Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey founded a startup company called Square. The mainly purpose
for the company is to make the whole process of transaction become much more easier and faster for both sellers and buyers. Buyers no longer need to
worry about the situation that they just have credit card but seller only can accept cash. For sellers, Square provide cohesive service for them to run
their entire business. This company has both software and hardware payment product that allows vendors to accept credit card which is a much more
convenient way for customer to pay in a transaction.
Magstripe reader(Swipe)
The name of "Square" can refer to Square's card reader that are white square in shape or it can refers to the whole Square payment system. For
hardware products, it has three different devices based on different ways for customers to handle their credit cards, they can either swipe or plug the
card in Square. So for its original product, magstripe reader, buyers are able to use their cards to swipe through square which is a small magnetic
reader that plugs into the headphone jack of an iPhone. Once a credit card or a debit card is swiped through the reader, it reads the data and converts it
into an audio signal. The microphone picks up the audio, sends it through the processors and then is routed to Square's software application on the
iPhone. From there the encrypted data is transmitted using

The And Debit Card Hackings
You Got Hacked Within the past year, there have been many credit and debit card hackings that have occurred, mainly targeting businesses in the
United States. The three main businesses that have been targeted and successfully hacked have been Target, with 40 million card holders having their
cards compromised, JPMorgan Chase, with a total of 76 million households and 7 million businesses being compromised, and The Home Depot, with
56 million card holders being attacked (Silver–Greenberg, Goldstein, Perlroth). In addition to the main stories about hacking that everyone hears about,
there are many others that are never brought to the attention of consumers. Within the first half of 2014 alone, there were 76 breaches solely in the
United States that caused credit card numbers to be compromised (Newsham). Learning about these situations struck me as extremely intriguing and
lead me to want to learn even more about these hacking situations. In researching about this topic and looking in depth at all the information I found, I
discovered that there are many other subtopics that interested me as well, including consumer hacking in general, how credit cards work, what
technology is needed for credit cards to work, how information is stored safely within companies to prevent hacking, the technology behind hacking,
the main programs used within hacking, if, and how, social media has effected hacking, learn more about what big name companies and bank
franchises should be doing in

Machine-to-Machine Technology and Analytics
Introduction
On the horizon of big data, is "an ecosystem of solutions" that uses embedded devices to facilitate real–time analysis of events and data among the
"Internet of Things" . Machine–to–Machine technology and analytics is the promising future of the big data era. Its exponential growth and
advancement promises a plethora of solutions and new ideas, but as with all innovations, it will also create a wave of new issues, problems and
complications that, given its scale, magnitude and speed of development will certainly challenge as much as it benefits the legal industry.
What is M2M & IoT?
Machine to Machine (M2M) is a broad label that can be used to describe any technology that enables networked devices to exchange information and
perform actions without the manual assistance of humans. Products built with M2M communication capabilities are often marketed to end–users as
being "smart" . The interconnection between "smart" objects and the way we interact in the environment is described as the Internet of Things.
How does it work?
Sensors (which are devices with processor, memory, storage, inputs and outputs, OS and software capabilities that gather and/or disseminate data on
just about anything ), are attached to objects, and the objects' identities, state or state of surroundings become capable of being relayed to an Internet
connected IT structure. The sensors relay data to the outside world through local area and wide area, wireless or wired links. . Local, on

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Smart Grid
Indian economy is forecasted to grow at 8 to 9% in 2010В2011 fiscal year, which in the
coming years is set to reach double digit growth (10%+). But India suffers from grave power
shortage which is likely to worsen over the next few decades. On one hand, there are problems
with the lack of adequate generation capacity with power cuts ranging to several hours still
prevalent in many cities. On the other hand, there are problems with the lack of transmission
infrastructure with several thousand villages still not connected to the national grid.
Recently the Government of India announced the National Mission on Enhanced Energy
Efficiency which aims at improving energy efficiency in industrial as well as commercial and
residential sectors. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[III]THE REAL CHALLENGE: SMART GRID
Smart Grid technologies give providers and consumerвЂџs realВtime knowledge and
decisionВmaking tools that will empower them to save energy, resources, money and environment.
Smart Grid is, in essence, an "energy Internet," delivering realВtime energy information and
knowledge, empowering smarter energy choices, helping to: Empower consumers to manage their

energy usage and save money without compromising their lifestyle; Enable the integration and
optimization of more renewable energy (such as wind and solar) and plugin electric vehicles;
empower businesses, customers and providers to make smarter energy choices. The Smart Grid
will include automation software and intelligent electronic hardware devices and systems to control
the transmission and distribution grids. Smart Grid automation technologies based on the concept
of energy management systems that provide realВtime knowledge and control over the distribution
and transmission grids will improve performance using distribution management systems. This
intelligent network must apt to changing conditions and scale enormously as the Smart

Identity Theft In Water
Today we live in a world where identity theft is on the rise, whether its stealing one's information for financial gain, use of one's personal information, or
even obtain credentials. Since the attacks on 9/11 on the United States, many organizations and government agencies have implemented tighten security
when it comes to identity. One of the most important resources to everyone in the world is water. We technically could not survive on a weekly basis
without a certain amount of water. The possibility of an unauthorized person entering a water utility plan to commit unlawful acts is much possible.
There many chemicals one can buy in your public store or even online, that can be used to contaminate the water supply of a water utility plant,... Show
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Many of these have implemented biometric technologies of some sort to harden security within. There many types of biometric technologies available
and all their advantages and disadvantages. The important thing for a water utility facility to understand is, which technology will best suit their
security needs. Although testing and training will play a vital role in ensuring that the technologies that are implemented are running proficiently and
maintained properly. Terrorism, sabotage, identity theft will continue to grow over the years but so will biometric

Sector Briefing : Dtl Power Corporation
Sector Briefing: DTL Power Corporation Brian Cunningham, Lindsay Fronzoli, Eddie Brown, Helen George, Montae Brockett CSEC 670 March,
2016 Introduction Our society today is ever more dependent upon electricity in all aspects of life. Keeping the power infrastructure throughout the
United States secure and functioning properly should be considered a high priority for both private sector and government. Lacking properly
functioning power caused by an outage has widespread impact not just on common conveniences being unavailable but also on critical areas such as
emergency services, transportation, water distribution, communication and food production and storage. Power production can come from multitude
of sources with different types of power plant facilities each with some sort of unique need; these sources include coal, natural gas, nuclear, wind,
water also known as hydroelectric, solar, geothermal and biomass (U.S. Energy Information Administration). These energy sources are broken down
into one of two categories, renewable or nonrenewable. Nonrenewable energy sources are sources, such as fossil fuels like coal, which are extracted
from the earth and cannot be replenished quickly. Renewable sources of energy are sources that there is a seemingly endless supply and/ or can easily
be replenished, such sources are solar, wind and water to name a few. Commercial electric generation came about in the late 19th century and was

Automation in Transportation Fare Collection Essay
INTRODUCTION
Automation in transportation fare collection represents a major technological advancement in the history of urban public transportation. "The move
toward changes in the technology and methodology of fare collection has indeed become the order of the day as older and larger transit systems search
for more efficient collection, better revenue control and effective marketing technique" (Jones, 1985).
The purpose of this project is to determine the feasibility of implementing different automated technologies in transportation system within Metro
Manila areas and other cities in the Philippines to assist in the collection and accounting of passenger fares.
The study includes the following objectives:
1.Review the current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While in rural and provincial areas simple "paper and pencil" method may be used. While this simpler methods may require less infrastructure i.e.
computers, communications equipment etc, they may actually be less efficient, requiring more time for personnel to consolidate data, invoice for
services, and complete other data management requirements.
Some larger modernized transit systems are already using automated/electronic methods of collecting fares, tracking ridership information, and
invoicing companies for rides. Electronic method has two basic parameters for fare payments, these are (1) Payment options i.e. single–ride, multi–ride,
period pass, stored value, and post payment; and (2) Payment media i.e. cash, token, paper ticket, magnetic ticket, smart card, credit card, debit /ATM
card, and transit vouchers. In addition to this method, some cities have also implemented software solutions to automate their data collection, analysis
and reporting in as much as possible. The Breeze by MARTA used in North America and The Client Ridership Referral and Financial Tracking
(CRRAFT) system used in Mexico are some of the examples of this type of software solutions aside from the customised software applications and
commercial off–the–shelves systems are also available.
The Metro Manila Development Authority

The Ranger 's Apprentice : The Royal Ranger
I am reading the final book in the Ranger 's Apprentice: The Royal Ranger. In the book, Will has to take on an apprentice. She is the crown princes
of Araluen, and the daughter of Will's best friends, Evanlyn and Horace. They want Will to take her on as an apprentice because of two reasons.
Reason one, Will has become obsessed with hunting down the gang members who lead to his wife's, Alyss, death, and they hope that taking on an
apprentice will help to get his mind of Alyssa 's death. Reason two is, Maddie, Evanlyn and Horace's daughter, has listening issues, and they hope
life as a ranger 's apprentice will fix them. In this journal I will be predicting and characterizing. Within this book, I predict Maddie will stay a
ranger, and that Will will be completely pulled out of his depression. To start with, I predict Maddie will want to stay a ranger and not go back to
being a princess. The first piece of evidence, is her answer to Young Bob's question at Young Bob's ranch. This quote helps to explain what
happened, "'There's never been a girl apprentice before,' he said. She nodded, 'I know.' 'So, how are you enjoying it? Do you like it?'... 'Yes. I am,'
she said after a pause. She was surprised to find that she meant it" (Flanagan 156). This shows proves that she will stay a ranger over a princess. This
proves this because she found life at Castle Araluen limited and restricting. As a ranger she found that her life is now much more unrestrictive. The
second piece

Should The Vending Machines Be Purchased For An External...
The vending machines are going to be purchased for an external company meeting the requirements for products that are going to be offered
depending on the geographic areas. The machines are going to be divided in two sections: both with regulated temperature, but one colder than the
other to ensure some products durability. There is going to be also a special door with an electronic tool providing eggs, which will secure the
fragility of the product. The company will also consider to employing a vending maintenance person that will be a student worker who will have the
responsibility of periodical visits to the machines; maybe once or twice per week to check the inventory and to determine the good functioning of the
different mechanisms and electronic components. However, we also are going to have technology that is going to allow us to control inventory and
sales. 8.3.Permits As a vending machine company, the business must be certified. Since Smart Vending is going to be selling food, there are going to
be permits to complete, like in any business, vending routes are subject to state and local laws to obtain proper permits and licenses required by their
local ordinances. It is also important to understand these regulations because those can change depending on the product that is being offered and also
the state that we are competing in. 8.3.1.Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) The vending machines as a commercial entity with public
accommodation will count with

Use Of Case Twp : Atm System
Q1Use Case TWP: ATM System USE CASE 1: Session Use Case Brief Description: This use case depicts how a Bank Customer uses an ATM to
withdraw or Deposit cash into their bank account. Actors: The actors in this use case are the Bank Customer and the Bank. Preconditions: This ATM
system requires that there be an active network link to the Bank and that the ATM has available cash to dispense. Basic Flow of Events: The use case
initiates once the Bank Customer inserts their ATM–Card into the machine's card reader slot. The ATM pulls–in the card to read it. (In the event the
card cannot be read owing to a damaged strip or improper insertion, the card is ejected, an error page displayed, and the session is aborted.) The Bank
Customer is requested to input their PIN. A use case validating the user is executed and the Bank Customer is then allowed to carry out one or more
transactions e.g. Check Balance, Withdraw or Deposit Cash. After each transaction, the Bank Customer is asked whether they would like to perform
another transaction. Upon completion, the ATM–Card is ejected and the session terminated. However, if a transaction is aborted owing to too many
invalid PIN entries, the session is aborted as well, with ATM retaining the card. The Bank Customer may at any time abort the session by pressing
'Cancel' to exit a transaction and return to the main menu. USE CASE 2: Withdraw Cash Transaction Use Case Brief Description: This use case
depicts how a Bank Customer uses an

Fingerprint Fingerprinting Based License Checking System...
пЂ
FINGERPRINT AUTHORISATION BASED LICENSE CHECKING SYSTEM FOR AUTO
–MOBILE
Ajay Shankar Patil1, Sayli Adesh Patil2, Shrinath Bhau Patil3, Vishal Meshram4 1U.G. Scholar, Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,
Aghai(THANE) 2U.G. Scholar, Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering, Aghai(THANE) 3U.G. Scholar, Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College
Of Engineering, Aghai(THANE) 4Assistant Professor, Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering, Aghai(THANE) Email Id :
patil.ajay16@gmail.com
Abstract– To obstruct Non–Licensees from driving and causing accidents, a new advanced automobile system is proposed. An important, trustful and
very reliable human identification method in current dates is fingerprint identification. Fingerprint identification is one of the most popular, trustful
and reliable personal biometric identification methods. The proposed system contains a database, it saves the fingerprint of a particular person.
While issuing the License, the specific person's fingerprint is to be saved in the database. Vehicles such as cars, bikes etc. should have a fingerprint
reader and have accomplished to read data of the particular person 's License details. In this system every automobile should have fingerprint reader
device. A person, who wants to drive the vehicle, should swipe his/her finger (License) in the vehicle. If the fingerprint image stored on thesmart card
and

The Use Of Different Multivariate Techniques On The Field...
The research was undertaken to know the use of different multivariate techniques in the field of marketing. The study is designed through the use of
questionnaire consisting the credit card survey to evaluate the consumer's preference of using credit card. This is helpful to the marketing manager in
taking various decisions. The study considered various aspects like types of credit cards that consumers like, extent of using credit card in a week,
knowledge of different brands available in the market, particular reason of using the particular bank's credit card, their satisfaction level with the credit
card, whether their purchase decision vary according to the various level of interest rate, enhancements and service offered by the banks. The following
are the major findings of the present study:
пѓ Interest rate is the most important factor to choose credit card. Here different rate of interest is given 173(34.6%) consumers choose the card
which has 2% to 2.5% interest rate.
пѓ Which media helps you to choose credit card it is online advertisement is helpful for selection of credit card.263 respondents find online
advertisement
пѓ As regards demography and level of awareness, it is observed that age wise majority of the young aged (33%), gender wise – the male (64.2%),
education wise– the post graduate (41.2%), occupation wise– the salaried person (63.2%), and income wise– the medium income group (30%) have
high level of awareness. High proportions of the low

Thematic Comparison Of Literature Of Smart Cities
Thematic Comparison Of Literature
The recent years have seen a growing trend towards concentration in each country in major urban centres. This fact constantly evolves and would place
all of city infrastructure. Parallel to this situation, there are problems in the various fields that determine the standard of living of a society such as
health, transport, and environment and caused concerns about their solution. Growing urbanization and the serious economic and environmental
challenges guide the creation of smart cities as how to offer technological solutions. This option is designed to bridge the gap between supply and
demand as well as reduce the impact on the environment because of intense urbanization
Different Approaches
Trying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smart: cities which present specific approaches that encourage participation and discussion and attract investment from the private sector to find
solutions with regard to the efficient platforms.
Digital: cities where attempted extension of previous resource for connecting metropolitan environments so as to give the opportunity to address and
eliminate local challenges.
Activity Sectors
The creation of a framework that can be used to characterize the way in which developed a smart city and design initiatives that promote this growth
opposes the view of some of the smart cities. The researchers simply see it as smart urban centres which make better use of information and
communication technologies. Instead, the effort should focus on a broad and comprehensive approach to improve the efficiency of city operations,
citizens' quality of life and the economy. The axes which move the development framework and improving the smart city are the economy, people,
governance, mobility, environment and living.
The development of smart city requires managing a complex system of factors in the line of the above axes. This is because everyone 's dimensions
give the actual value that is required to achieve the target. The smart city is defined as a superset systems aimed at optimization of public and private
city systems. The processes leading to the improvement of urban business is

Smart City Is A Concept
Smart City is a concept that is currently popular in the world, where every country is trying to develop their metropolitan cities to achieve the status of
a Smart City. Smart City can be defined as the utilization of ICT to feel, analyze, and integrate key informations that comes from the core of thecity,
which in this case, the government. While at the same time, Smart City can also give a smart response to the various needs of the citizens. Some
examples being daily activities, environmental protection, public security, service activities, industrial activities, and the commercial activities of the
said city (K. Su,
J. Li, H. Fu, 2011).
On the realization of the concept of Smart City, we can divide the cities around the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although just an incremental enhancement, these cities spent up to hundreds of billions of dollars annually to start these initiatives.
Therefore, the writers have two main objectives on this research. The first one is to understand the concept of social sustainability, while the second one
is to discover the potentials of smart technologies in improving social quality of life of population and approaching sustainability goals. To reach these
objectives, the writers decided to use a desk research method, where a variety of bibliographic materials was scanned and a limited number of
documents have been reviewed and critiqued. In their paper, the writers stated that a city is smart when investments in human and social capital and
traditional
(transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality life, with a wise of management of
natural resources, through participatory governance. While people think that the most important is technological infrastructure, the most important
infrastructure in a smart city is the social infrastructure, which revolves around the citizens and their relationships. A smart city is a humane city that
has multiple opportunities to exploit its human potential and lead a

The Glimpse Of Expenditure For Smart City Project
The glimpse of expenditure on infrastructure required for smart city project is reflected in concept of GIFT city between Ahmadabad and Gandhinagar.
Gujarat International Finance Tec–city Ltd (GIFTL) was formed in 2007 to develop the city as a financial CBD. The project has been revived after
eight years. Demand for financial services in India has seen a tremendous transformation over two decades. Financial service sector employs about 4
million people and generates approximately 5 per cent of GDP. It is estimated that if India can build an international financial centre with relevant
rules and regulations, earnings out of financial service exports will surpass that of IT sector. GIFT city is expected to generate five lakh direct and five...
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(c) Enclaves–financial, technology, corporate enclaves and world trade centre and (d) Social facilities like schools, clubs, convention centre. The
Union Budget 2016 has announced several tax sops for SEZ in the city thereby creating a difference between SEZ and domestic Tariff Area (DTA)
within the city. Minimum Alternate Tax applicable to SEZ is 9% against 18.5% in DTA. There are tax waivers on foreign currency sale of equity
shares, sale of units of equity oriented funds, sale of units of business trusts etc. that earns foreign exchange. The city is a deemed foreign territory
expected to give a big push to foreign currency transactions under special tax regime. It has a targeted market capitalisation of $ 1800 billion by 2020.
Several banks like the State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Bank of India, Yes Bank and other financial institutions have already started
operations. It has sold 12 million square feet in phase I and hopes to create and sell another 22 million square feet in phase II. The SEZ will enjoy all
the financial benefits enjoyed by the manufacturing SEZ.
Phase I of the project, costing Rs. 1818 crore has been funded with a debt of Rs. 1157 crore from banks at 11.5 per cent rate of interest, which is
lower than usual charge of 12 per cent. The rest of the money has come from equity (Rs. 65 crore) and internal accrual (Rs. 596 crore). Land
development

Constructing Smart Cities Through Design Perspectives

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