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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
                            A Study Guide
          Mr. Ardito’s Living Environment
The purpose of the
            Digestive System
To make big things into small things
The Parts of the Digestive
         System
The Mouth


Teeth grind food into
swallowable substance (bolus)

Enzymes in saliva start to break
down starches.
Esophagus

Muscular contractions
move the bolus to the
stomach

These contractions are
called peristalsis

No new digestion
occurs
Stomach


Stomach is very muscular and
churns the food into a paste
(chyme).

Stomach makes acid which helps
break down proteins.
Small Intestine

No new mechanical
digestion takes place.

Enzymes break down
proteins, starches, and fats

Nutrients are absorbed
into the bloodstream via
the villi.
Large Intestine


Undigested food (now
called feces)passes into the
large intestine.

Water, minerals, and
vitamins are reabsorbed.
Anus/Rectum

The rectum stores feces
until it is ready to be
released.

The anus is the opening
through which feces is
released.
Types of Digestion
    Part           Mechanical         Chemical
                                     Enzymes from
    Mouth             Chewing
                                         saliva
                                      None (still
  Esophagus            None         continuing from
                                        mouth)
                                   Acid from gastric
   Stomach        Churning of Food
                                          juice
Small Intestine        None            Enzymes
                                    Reabsorption of
Large Intestine        None           water and
                                       minerals
Enzymes
Enzymes are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions.

Enzymes used in digestion help break big things into small
things.

3 types of enzymes

  Proteases - act on proteins

  Amylases - act on starch

  Lipases - act on fats

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Ardito Digestive System Review

  • 1. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM A Study Guide Mr. Ardito’s Living Environment
  • 2. The purpose of the Digestive System To make big things into small things
  • 3. The Parts of the Digestive System
  • 4. The Mouth Teeth grind food into swallowable substance (bolus) Enzymes in saliva start to break down starches.
  • 5. Esophagus Muscular contractions move the bolus to the stomach These contractions are called peristalsis No new digestion occurs
  • 6. Stomach Stomach is very muscular and churns the food into a paste (chyme). Stomach makes acid which helps break down proteins.
  • 7. Small Intestine No new mechanical digestion takes place. Enzymes break down proteins, starches, and fats Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi.
  • 8. Large Intestine Undigested food (now called feces)passes into the large intestine. Water, minerals, and vitamins are reabsorbed.
  • 9. Anus/Rectum The rectum stores feces until it is ready to be released. The anus is the opening through which feces is released.
  • 10. Types of Digestion Part Mechanical Chemical Enzymes from Mouth Chewing saliva None (still Esophagus None continuing from mouth) Acid from gastric Stomach Churning of Food juice Small Intestine None Enzymes Reabsorption of Large Intestine None water and minerals
  • 11. Enzymes Enzymes are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes used in digestion help break big things into small things. 3 types of enzymes Proteases - act on proteins Amylases - act on starch Lipases - act on fats