This document discusses the impact of inland ports on Southern California's freight transportation network. It finds that inland ports can reduce daily truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by shifting cargo from trucks to trains. Inland ports provide increased port capacity, decreased truck VMT, and modal changes from truck to train, improving mobility, safety, and sustainability. The document also presents models for optimally locating multiple inland ports to minimize transportation costs while meeting demand across Southern California.

1. Impact of Inland Ports on Southern California’s Freight Transportation Network Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Systems and Operations Management College of Business and Economics Mansour Rahimi Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Southern California Robert Harrison Center of Transportation Research University of Texas

2. Container Handling 2007: World Total 450 MTEUs

3. Container Handling SPB Ports: US Total 23 MTEUs

5. Straightforward capacity increases such as more highways and larger ports, do not work anymore. Throughput Cost Flow Time Flexibility Quality

6. US-China Alternative Routes Narvik, Norway Prince Rupert, Canada Vostochny, Russia Rotterdam, Netherlands New York New York Norfolk Norfolk Los Angeles Hong Kong, China Savannah Savannah Ensenada, Mexico Colima, Mexico Singapore

7. Four Characteristics of Forecasts Forecasts are usually (always) inaccurate (wrong). Forecasts should be accompanied by a measure of forecast error. Aggregate forecasts are more accurate than individual forecasts. Aggregate forecasts reduce the amount of variability – relative to the aggregate mean demand. StdDev of sum of two variables is less than sum of StdDev of the two variables. Long-range forecasts are less accurate than short-range forecasts.Forecasts further into the future tends to be less accurate than those of more imminent events. As time passes, we get better information, and make better. prediction.

8. Strategic Positioning and Smooth Flow 3-4 days 2-3 days 31 days 14 days 22 days

9. Container Movement in Southern California

10. Current Practice 220K daily truck VMTs

11. Inland Port Concept 120K daily truck VMTs Zero-emission vehicles Clean air locomotive/maglev/etc.

12. Inland Port’s Primary Functions Unsorted Containers on Train Increased Port Capacity Decreased Truck VMT I710, I110 Modal Change Truck to Train Mobility Safety Sustainability

14. Reduce Transit to Chicago by 1 Day

15. Will Shave Approx. 225 Route Miles Off Each Container Move to Chicago

16. Greater Efficiencies

17. High Speed Double StackCurrent DS Route Secondary DS Route Current Single Stack Route Port-Heartland High Speed Doublestack Corridor

18. 99,000 SF Available Free trade zoning Value added services Transloading Empty container depot

19. DC/PCs Locations in Southern California

20. Single Facility Location Model Minimize:

21. Six Inland Port

22. Location-Allocation Model Minimize: Subject to:

23. DC/PCs Allocated to Each Inland Port

24. Impact of Inland Ports on Daily VMT Commerce Mira Loma Orange E. of LA N. of Port Ventura

25. A Decision Support Tool

26. ASRS/AGVS Technology at Inland Port