The document discusses Nortel's Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) feature for 1xRTT networks. MCTA dynamically balances traffic across multiple RF carriers serving the same sector. It operates at call setup and can support up to 3 carriers per sector. The MCTA algorithm selects the best carrier using factors like frequency priority, capacity threshold, and capacity estimates reported by each BTS. MCTA makes decisions either at the BTS or SBS depending on the network configuration.
This document contains parameters related to 2G cell configuration for an Axis network with 2247 sites and 19 BSCs. It includes common cell data parameters like AGBLK, MFRMS, ACCMIN, INDOOR_CELL values. It also includes locating cell filter data parameters like BSPWR, BSTXPWR, MSRXMIN, BSRXMIN for path loss calculation. Finally, it contains locating urgency cell data parameters like TALIM, PSSBQ, PTIMBQ, QLIMDL for handling call quality issues. The parameters need to be optimized for Axis' coverage-limited network.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses LTE network planning procedures which involve gathering information, dimensioning capacity and coverage, and detailed planning. The key steps are:
1. Information gathering involves collecting data on subscriber usage patterns, network inventory, RF features, and coverage areas.
2. Dimensioning is divided into capacity and coverage steps. Capacity dimensioning calculates the number of sites needed based on traffic loads. Coverage dimensioning models uplink and downlink budgets to determine signal strengths and cell radii.
3. Detailed planning uses the results of dimensioning to simulate predictions and finalize parameters like transmission settings and neighbor configurations.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses UMTS planning and dimensioning processes. It describes:
1) The overall planning process which includes system dimensioning, radio network planning, pre-launch optimization, performance monitoring, and post-launch optimization.
2) The inputs, assumptions, and steps used for air interface dimensioning which includes uplink and downlink link budget analysis to determine coverage requirements and capacity needs.
3) Traffic modelling and load calculation methods to estimate subscriber traffic per cell based on factors like subscriber density, traffic profiles, and cell area.
This documents will help to understand the details procedure of GSM IDLE Mode Behavior. GSM Idle mode behavior starting from PLMN selection, GSM Cell Camp, Cell Selection, Cell Reselection, Location Update, Paging, System Information to Measurements procedures have been captured in this document.
This document describes events generated by TEMS products related to GSM, WCDMA, LTE, and TD-SCDMA networks. It includes a list of over 50 events with descriptions and notes on when they are generated. Example events include call establishment, cell reselection, handover failures, and data service events. The document also provides overviews of selected event families and details on call events and their state machines.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
This document contains parameters related to 2G cell configuration for an Axis network with 2247 sites and 19 BSCs. It includes common cell data parameters like AGBLK, MFRMS, ACCMIN, INDOOR_CELL values. It also includes locating cell filter data parameters like BSPWR, BSTXPWR, MSRXMIN, BSRXMIN for path loss calculation. Finally, it contains locating urgency cell data parameters like TALIM, PSSBQ, PTIMBQ, QLIMDL for handling call quality issues. The parameters need to be optimized for Axis' coverage-limited network.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses LTE network planning procedures which involve gathering information, dimensioning capacity and coverage, and detailed planning. The key steps are:
1. Information gathering involves collecting data on subscriber usage patterns, network inventory, RF features, and coverage areas.
2. Dimensioning is divided into capacity and coverage steps. Capacity dimensioning calculates the number of sites needed based on traffic loads. Coverage dimensioning models uplink and downlink budgets to determine signal strengths and cell radii.
3. Detailed planning uses the results of dimensioning to simulate predictions and finalize parameters like transmission settings and neighbor configurations.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses UMTS planning and dimensioning processes. It describes:
1) The overall planning process which includes system dimensioning, radio network planning, pre-launch optimization, performance monitoring, and post-launch optimization.
2) The inputs, assumptions, and steps used for air interface dimensioning which includes uplink and downlink link budget analysis to determine coverage requirements and capacity needs.
3) Traffic modelling and load calculation methods to estimate subscriber traffic per cell based on factors like subscriber density, traffic profiles, and cell area.
This documents will help to understand the details procedure of GSM IDLE Mode Behavior. GSM Idle mode behavior starting from PLMN selection, GSM Cell Camp, Cell Selection, Cell Reselection, Location Update, Paging, System Information to Measurements procedures have been captured in this document.
This document describes events generated by TEMS products related to GSM, WCDMA, LTE, and TD-SCDMA networks. It includes a list of over 50 events with descriptions and notes on when they are generated. Example events include call establishment, cell reselection, handover failures, and data service events. The document also provides overviews of selected event families and details on call events and their state machines.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
This document discusses handover parameters in LTE networks. It begins by introducing handover and its importance for maintaining quality of service as users move between different areas in a network. It then describes various metrics used to optimize handover, including signal strength measurements reported by user equipment to base stations. Key parameters that control the handover process are explained, such as reference signal power, quality, thresholds, timers and offsets. Event A3, which triggers handover when a neighbor cell is better than the serving cell, is discussed in depth. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for self-optimizing algorithms to automatically configure these handover parameters and improve network performance.
The document provides an overview and analysis flow for optimizing the performance of a mobile network. It discusses various problems that can occur like low availability of control channels, congestion on signaling and traffic channels, and high drop call rates. For each problem, it lists probable causes and recommends actions to identify the issue and solutions to resolve it, such as adjusting configuration parameters, adding network capacity, or improving frequency planning. MML commands are also provided to check device logs, resources, and performance statistics for troubleshooting purposes.
This document discusses network optimization techniques including:
1. Monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as transmitted carrier power, code tree allocation, and channel element allocation to identify issues.
2. Performing analysis of KPIs to locate root causes of failures in specific network elements or cells.
3. Proposing solutions such as adjusting signal transmission power limits, code tree rearrangement, or adding network capacity to address problems identified through monitoring and analysis.
This document describes several 2G and 3G layer 3 messages including their purpose and key information elements. For 2G, it summarizes Sys info types 1-6 which broadcast system information to mobile stations in idle and dedicated modes, including things like channel allocation and cell parameters. It also describes messages like Measurement Report, Immediate Assignment, and Handover Command that are used for handover and connection management. For 3G, it lists 21 different message types like Measurement Report and Active Set Update used for mobility management and connection control.
The document presents a solution to improve HSPA+ throughput by more than 10 times for uplink throughput and double downlink throughput. The solution involves optimizing radio transmission power, allocating more radio resources to HSPA+, and adopting new features. It was implemented on a large mobile network, improving uplink throughput without degrading key performance indicators.
This document discusses various topics related to paging, counters, traffic profiles, and other 3G network performance parameters:
1. Paging performance depends on the overall traffic load on the MSC node and cannot be characterized by a single metric like "x-thousand pagings per hour".
2. Examples of counters that can both increase and decrease are provided, like the ATM AAL2 access point originating connection counter.
3. The paging queue in RNCs can buffer up to 30,000 paging signals per circuit switched processor, allowing hundreds of UEs to be paged simultaneously depending on configuration.
The document discusses LTE uplink power control. It describes that uplink power control uses both open-loop and closed-loop mechanisms. Open-loop power control estimates path loss to set the initial transmission power, while closed-loop allows the network to directly control transmission power through power control commands. Power control helps reduce interference, maximize data rates, and prolong UE battery life by adjusting transmission power on a subframe basis.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that allows networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Key points:
- HSDPA was introduced in 2005 and allows peak data rates of 14.4 Mbps compared to 2 Mbps for standard WCDMA. It uses shared channel transmission, fast scheduling, adaptive modulation/coding, and HARQ.
- Planning HSDPA deployment requires analyzing existing network performance, dimensioning configurations, parameter planning, and performance monitoring. Critical aspects include carrier configuration, hardware capacity, transmission capacity, and coverage strategy.
- HSDPA improves on WCDMA through features like shared channel transmission, channel
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
Rf congestion control measures heavy traffic special eventspintor63
This document provides several measures to help relieve radio frequency (RF) congestion during special events like large gatherings that last a day or two. These include reducing the quantity and time between RRC setup request retransmissions; increasing timers for location area updates and guaranteed bit rate adjustments; adjusting timers that control RRC connection setup retransmissions; lowering thresholds for uplink access control; enabling downlink power control; and reducing rise-to-waste power through E-DPDCH and HS-DPCCH configuration changes, and RACH parameter optimization. The measures aim to temporarily limit network signaling load through configuration changes tailored to short-term congestion scenarios.
The document discusses various radio frequency (RF) measurement quantities used in LTE field measurements and optimization, including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and SINR. It defines these terms and explains the relationships between them. For example, it describes how RSRP measures the power of a single resource element while RSSI measures power over the entire bandwidth. It also provides information on how measurement results from different tools can help with RF network optimization.
This document discusses radio resource optimization parameters in GSM networks. It covers topics like idle parameter optimization, power control, handover control, radio resource administration, measurement processing, signaling channel mapping, traffic channel mapping, paging parameters, access grant channel parameters, frequency reuse, and frequency hopping techniques. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like TDMA frame structure, logical and physical channel organization, and capacity calculations.
The document provides answers to interview questions about 3G/WCDMA/UMTS technology. It describes:
1) The different RRC states - Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, URA PCH and the characteristics of each.
2) The conditions for a UE to be in the Cell FACH state, such as not requiring a continuous connection or for location updates.
3) The differences between the Cell PCH and URA PCH states, with the URA PCH avoiding multiple transitions to Cell FACH when traveling between cells.
4) Other topics covered include radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handover, types of measurements, what paging
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
Ericsson important optimization parametersPagla Knight
The document lists important optimization parameters for Ericsson including parameters related to system configuration, capacity management, directed retry, handover, HSDPA/EUL, IRAT, and idle mode selection and reselection. It provides descriptions of over 50 parameters that control aspects such as power levels, admission limits, thresholds for cell reselection, and criteria for measurements.
The document describes parameter handling for Nokia's BSC/TCSM base station controller. It contains over 20 commands for modifying parameters related to general BSC configuration, radio network supervision, quality of service, GPRS, and background data activation. The commands allow operators to control functions like priority levels, dynamic frequency allocation, network monitoring thresholds, and more. Release notes describe changes between documentation issues, such as new parameters and updated output formats.
The document summarizes different 3G events that can trigger handover procedures in UMTS networks. It describes 7 categories of events related to primary pilot channel, frequency, quality, channel traffic volume, CRCs, Rx-Tx parameters, and location/position. Each category contains multiple specific events that are monitored and can trigger handovers based on thresholds being passed for radio frequency parameters. The events monitor factors like signal quality, interference levels, traffic loads, transmission power, and device location to determine when a UE should hand over to a better serving cell.
a procedure to test coverage or network and trace fault in GSM system.
to check signal quality and level we do drive test and basis of there data we analyse network problem and resolve it.
The document summarizes UMTS interview questions and answers related to RRC states, radio resource control, and cell procedures. Key points include:
1) The four RRC states are Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, and URA PCH which define the level of connection between the UE and network.
2) Cell update procedure is used when the UE needs to notify the network of its presence in a new cell in states like Cell/URA PCH. Causes include uplink data, paging response, and cell reselection.
3) The active set defines the cells the UE is connected to, while the monitored set includes neighbors for handover. Paging is
This document discusses several key performance metrics for wireless MAC protocols: throughput, delay, fairness, and energy efficiency. It then summarizes several MAC protocols and how they aim to improve these metrics, including MACA-BI, MARCH, and MILD algorithm in MACAW which aims to increase fairness. Power save mechanisms and power control MAC protocols are also covered as approaches to improve energy efficiency. Finally, the potential benefits of using directional antennas with MAC protocols are discussed.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This document discusses handover parameters in LTE networks. It begins by introducing handover and its importance for maintaining quality of service as users move between different areas in a network. It then describes various metrics used to optimize handover, including signal strength measurements reported by user equipment to base stations. Key parameters that control the handover process are explained, such as reference signal power, quality, thresholds, timers and offsets. Event A3, which triggers handover when a neighbor cell is better than the serving cell, is discussed in depth. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for self-optimizing algorithms to automatically configure these handover parameters and improve network performance.
The document provides an overview and analysis flow for optimizing the performance of a mobile network. It discusses various problems that can occur like low availability of control channels, congestion on signaling and traffic channels, and high drop call rates. For each problem, it lists probable causes and recommends actions to identify the issue and solutions to resolve it, such as adjusting configuration parameters, adding network capacity, or improving frequency planning. MML commands are also provided to check device logs, resources, and performance statistics for troubleshooting purposes.
This document discusses network optimization techniques including:
1. Monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as transmitted carrier power, code tree allocation, and channel element allocation to identify issues.
2. Performing analysis of KPIs to locate root causes of failures in specific network elements or cells.
3. Proposing solutions such as adjusting signal transmission power limits, code tree rearrangement, or adding network capacity to address problems identified through monitoring and analysis.
This document describes several 2G and 3G layer 3 messages including their purpose and key information elements. For 2G, it summarizes Sys info types 1-6 which broadcast system information to mobile stations in idle and dedicated modes, including things like channel allocation and cell parameters. It also describes messages like Measurement Report, Immediate Assignment, and Handover Command that are used for handover and connection management. For 3G, it lists 21 different message types like Measurement Report and Active Set Update used for mobility management and connection control.
The document presents a solution to improve HSPA+ throughput by more than 10 times for uplink throughput and double downlink throughput. The solution involves optimizing radio transmission power, allocating more radio resources to HSPA+, and adopting new features. It was implemented on a large mobile network, improving uplink throughput without degrading key performance indicators.
This document discusses various topics related to paging, counters, traffic profiles, and other 3G network performance parameters:
1. Paging performance depends on the overall traffic load on the MSC node and cannot be characterized by a single metric like "x-thousand pagings per hour".
2. Examples of counters that can both increase and decrease are provided, like the ATM AAL2 access point originating connection counter.
3. The paging queue in RNCs can buffer up to 30,000 paging signals per circuit switched processor, allowing hundreds of UEs to be paged simultaneously depending on configuration.
The document discusses LTE uplink power control. It describes that uplink power control uses both open-loop and closed-loop mechanisms. Open-loop power control estimates path loss to set the initial transmission power, while closed-loop allows the network to directly control transmission power through power control commands. Power control helps reduce interference, maximize data rates, and prolong UE battery life by adjusting transmission power on a subframe basis.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that allows networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Key points:
- HSDPA was introduced in 2005 and allows peak data rates of 14.4 Mbps compared to 2 Mbps for standard WCDMA. It uses shared channel transmission, fast scheduling, adaptive modulation/coding, and HARQ.
- Planning HSDPA deployment requires analyzing existing network performance, dimensioning configurations, parameter planning, and performance monitoring. Critical aspects include carrier configuration, hardware capacity, transmission capacity, and coverage strategy.
- HSDPA improves on WCDMA through features like shared channel transmission, channel
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
Rf congestion control measures heavy traffic special eventspintor63
This document provides several measures to help relieve radio frequency (RF) congestion during special events like large gatherings that last a day or two. These include reducing the quantity and time between RRC setup request retransmissions; increasing timers for location area updates and guaranteed bit rate adjustments; adjusting timers that control RRC connection setup retransmissions; lowering thresholds for uplink access control; enabling downlink power control; and reducing rise-to-waste power through E-DPDCH and HS-DPCCH configuration changes, and RACH parameter optimization. The measures aim to temporarily limit network signaling load through configuration changes tailored to short-term congestion scenarios.
The document discusses various radio frequency (RF) measurement quantities used in LTE field measurements and optimization, including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and SINR. It defines these terms and explains the relationships between them. For example, it describes how RSRP measures the power of a single resource element while RSSI measures power over the entire bandwidth. It also provides information on how measurement results from different tools can help with RF network optimization.
This document discusses radio resource optimization parameters in GSM networks. It covers topics like idle parameter optimization, power control, handover control, radio resource administration, measurement processing, signaling channel mapping, traffic channel mapping, paging parameters, access grant channel parameters, frequency reuse, and frequency hopping techniques. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like TDMA frame structure, logical and physical channel organization, and capacity calculations.
The document provides answers to interview questions about 3G/WCDMA/UMTS technology. It describes:
1) The different RRC states - Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, URA PCH and the characteristics of each.
2) The conditions for a UE to be in the Cell FACH state, such as not requiring a continuous connection or for location updates.
3) The differences between the Cell PCH and URA PCH states, with the URA PCH avoiding multiple transitions to Cell FACH when traveling between cells.
4) Other topics covered include radio bearer configuration mappings, types of handover, types of measurements, what paging
The key performance indicators for measuring 3G cell performance include accessibility metrics like RRC success rate, RAB success rate, and CSSR. Retainability is measured by dropped call rates for speech, video, and packet switched connections. Mobility is measured by handover success rates between cells and between 3G and 2G networks. Factors that affect HSDPA throughput include downlink power, the number of downlink codes allocated for HSDPA, and transport channel capacity. Tuning parameters like increasing the number of HSDPA codes or changing the scheduling algorithm can improve HSDPA throughput.
Ericsson important optimization parametersPagla Knight
The document lists important optimization parameters for Ericsson including parameters related to system configuration, capacity management, directed retry, handover, HSDPA/EUL, IRAT, and idle mode selection and reselection. It provides descriptions of over 50 parameters that control aspects such as power levels, admission limits, thresholds for cell reselection, and criteria for measurements.
The document describes parameter handling for Nokia's BSC/TCSM base station controller. It contains over 20 commands for modifying parameters related to general BSC configuration, radio network supervision, quality of service, GPRS, and background data activation. The commands allow operators to control functions like priority levels, dynamic frequency allocation, network monitoring thresholds, and more. Release notes describe changes between documentation issues, such as new parameters and updated output formats.
The document summarizes different 3G events that can trigger handover procedures in UMTS networks. It describes 7 categories of events related to primary pilot channel, frequency, quality, channel traffic volume, CRCs, Rx-Tx parameters, and location/position. Each category contains multiple specific events that are monitored and can trigger handovers based on thresholds being passed for radio frequency parameters. The events monitor factors like signal quality, interference levels, traffic loads, transmission power, and device location to determine when a UE should hand over to a better serving cell.
a procedure to test coverage or network and trace fault in GSM system.
to check signal quality and level we do drive test and basis of there data we analyse network problem and resolve it.
The document summarizes UMTS interview questions and answers related to RRC states, radio resource control, and cell procedures. Key points include:
1) The four RRC states are Cell DCH, Cell FACH, Cell PCH, and URA PCH which define the level of connection between the UE and network.
2) Cell update procedure is used when the UE needs to notify the network of its presence in a new cell in states like Cell/URA PCH. Causes include uplink data, paging response, and cell reselection.
3) The active set defines the cells the UE is connected to, while the monitored set includes neighbors for handover. Paging is
This document discusses several key performance metrics for wireless MAC protocols: throughput, delay, fairness, and energy efficiency. It then summarizes several MAC protocols and how they aim to improve these metrics, including MACA-BI, MARCH, and MILD algorithm in MACAW which aims to increase fairness. Power save mechanisms and power control MAC protocols are also covered as approaches to improve energy efficiency. Finally, the potential benefits of using directional antennas with MAC protocols are discussed.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
The document provides an overview of the key components and operations of a GSM cellular network. It describes the network and switching subsystem (NSS) which controls connections, mobility management, and interconnection. The NSS includes components like the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and databases like the Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR). It also describes the mobile handset, radio interface using TDMA, network architecture with cells, and methods to increase network capacity like frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This document summarizes research on medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for ad-hoc networks. It begins with an introduction to ad-hoc networks and their key properties. It then discusses important issues at the MAC layer for these dynamic networks, including limited bandwidth, errors, and changing topologies. Several MAC protocol classifications and examples are provided, such as power-aware, multiple channel, and quality of service protocols. The document concludes by discussing future research directions for addressing open problems at the MAC layer in ad-hoc networks.
CSFB and eCSFB Overview and call flow desMani132076
Circuit switch fallback (CSFB) and enhanced CSFB (eCSFB) allow users with dual-mode devices to make voice calls on 1xRTT networks while camped on an LTE network. CSFB involves releasing the UE from LTE to CDMA for voice, while eCSFB uses handover coordination between the networks. The document discusses the architectures, parameters, and counters involved in CSFB and eCSFB, including prerequisites, signaling interfaces, broadcast parameters, timers, and troubleshooting steps.
The document discusses power management in the digital and analog domains of a BTS. In the digital domain, the power output of each channel element is controlled by digital gain values. The analog domain refers to the total output power of the BTS controlled by an attenuator. Proper power management is important to provide maximum network capacity while minimizing interference through understanding parameters like transmit power, link budgets, and resource allocation between voice and data services.
This document summarizes the key steps in cell planning and optimization for a GSM network in Sragen, Indonesia, including:
1) Conducting traffic and coverage analysis, dimensioning the nominal cell plan, and determining link budgets and site requirements.
2) Performing a detailed frequency plan, parameter planning, and interference predictions.
3) Installing and commissioning new sites, then conducting drive tests and optimizations to meet key performance indicators.
4) Ongoing radio frequency optimization is needed using statistics to identify and address problems impacting call setup success rate, handover success rate, or dropped call rate.
The document outlines the procedure for CDMA network design in 5 stages:
1. Preparations including setting design criteria like coverage reliability, capacity, and soft handoff ratios.
2. RF environment analysis involving region clustering, site surveys, competitor analysis, and link budget analysis.
3. Coverage design for outdoor, indoor, and underground areas.
4. Parameter design including pilot assignment and base station dimensioning.
5. Reporting and dimensioning to determine equipment requirements.
The document discusses 1xRTT traffic management techniques in CDMA networks. It describes:
1) Using the Sync Channel Message during system acquisition to direct 2G and 3G mobiles to their respective carriers.
2) Using the Channel List Message and Extended Channel List Message in idle mode, in conjunction with a hashing function, to distribute mobiles across carriers.
3) Using the Global Services Redirection Message and Extended Global Services Redirection Message in idle mode to redirect mobiles between carriers for load balancing.
The document provides details on the hardware, software, and datafill requirements to implement each traffic management technique and how to verify their functionality.
The most important RF technology change in 5G NR is the application of 3D-MIMO large-scale array antenna technology so that a considerable part of the NR physical layer architecture design content is adapted and updated around the technology. Here is a comparative perspective on the 5G system. 3D-MIMO antenna technology is introduced.
ADAPTIVE MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT OF BER IN WCDMAmirza asif haider
Adaptive modulation techniques can improve the capacity and bit error rate (BER) of WCDMA networks. Evaluating the BER of QAM and QPSK modulation under different noise levels allows adaptive modulation to select the optimal scheme based on signal to noise ratio. While 16-QAM has higher spectral efficiency, it performs poorly under noise. Improved trellis coded modulation for QAM can gain 3-6dB over uncoded schemes, bringing performance closer to QPSK with less power. Adaptive modulation tailored to channel conditions offers flexibility and efficiency gains for WCDMA.
Cross-Layer Design of Raptor Codes for Video Multicast over 802.11n MIMO Chan...Berna Bulut
This document summarizes a study on using Raptor codes in a cross-layer design for transmitting video over 802.11n MIMO channels. It presented a methodology to select the optimal transmission scheme (SM or STBC), modulation and coding scheme, and Raptor code rate based on channel conditions to minimize transmission time while maintaining low packet error rates. Simulation results showed that Raptor codes can improve performance by enabling higher order modulation at lower SNRs and reducing transmission times, especially in high spatial correlation conditions.
1) The document outlines the GSM architecture and mobility management procedures.
2) GSM uses a two-level hierarchical strategy with HLR and VLR databases to track the location of mobile stations as they move between different location areas and mobile switching centers.
3) The three cases of location update in GSM are inter-LA movement, inter-MSC movement, and inter-VLR movement. The location update procedures exchange signaling messages between the mobile station, base station, MSC, VLR, and HLR to update the location information in the databases.
The document discusses chip level equalization techniques for W-CDMA systems. It presents two receiver architectures: (1) The conventional architecture which estimates the combined channel impulse response with one adaptive filter, but suffers from slow convergence. (2) The new architecture which estimates just the channel impulse response using a separate adaptive filter and faster chip-level training, improving convergence. Simulation results show the new architecture achieves better bit error rate performance than the conventional architecture, especially in dynamic user scenarios. The new architecture also allows use of lower complexity adaptive algorithms like NLMS.
Quality of Service for Video Streaming using EDCA in MANETijsrd.com
Mobile Ad-hoc network(MANET) is a collection of wireless terminals that are able to dynamically form a temporary network. To establish such a network no fixed infrastructure is required. Here, it is the responsibility of network nodes to forward each other's packets and thus these nodes also act as routers. In such a network resources are limited and also topology changes dynamically. So providing Quality of service(QoS) is also necessary. QoS is more important for real time applications for example Video Streaming. IEEE 802.11e network standard supports QoS through EDCA technique. This technique does not fulfill the requirements of QoS. So, in this project modified EDCA technique is proposed to enhance QoS for Video Streaming application. This technique is implemented in NS2 and compared with traditional EDCA.
The document provides an overview of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology and standards, including:
1) It describes CDMA as an access method that allows multiple users to occupy the same frequency band using different codes.
2) It summarizes key CDMA standards including IS-95, CDMA2000, and W-CDMA (UMTS), and how they evolved from earlier 2G standards like cdmaOne.
3) It explains some of the technical aspects that enable CDMA including spreading codes, modulation techniques, and how the forward and reverse links are structured.
What is Handoff in mobile network?
What is the Search Window?
How to optimize handoff parameters?
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know handoff principle and classification.
Know search window and key parameters.
Master handoff tuning in network.
Chapter 1 Basic Concept
Chapter 2 Handoff in CDMA
Chapter 3 Optimization Command
Chapter 4 Summary
Soft handoff
It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector before breaking the link with the serving sector.
Softer handoff
Similar to the soft handoff, but the softer handoff is occurred among multi-sectors in the same base station.
Hard handoff
Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not synchronized or are not on the same frequency. Interruption in voice or data communication occurs but this interruption does not effect the user communication.
CDMA soft handoff is driven by the handset
Handset continuously checks available pilots
Handset tells system pilots it currently sees
System assigns sectors (up to 6 max.), tells handset
Handset assigns its fingers accordingly
All messages sent by dim-and-burst, no muting!
Each end of the link chooses what works best, on a frame-by-frame basis!
Users are totally unaware of handoff
This document discusses radio resource optimization parameters in GSM networks. It covers topics like idle parameter optimization, power control, handover control, radio resource administration, measurement processing, signaling channel mapping, traffic channel mapping, paging parameters, access grant channel parameters, frequency reuse, and frequency hopping techniques. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like TDMA frame structure, logical and physical channel organization, and capacity calculations.
The document discusses GSM radio coverage and the air interface in 3 main points:
1. It describes the geometry of GSM cells and frequency reuse techniques used to divide a service area into smaller cells to improve coverage and capacity. Different cluster sizes such as 3/9, 4/12 and 7/21 are discussed.
2. It explains the GSM frequency bands and channel structure, including physical channels divided into timeslots, and logical channels for traffic and control data.
3. It outlines the structure of bursts transmitted on the air interface, including normal bursts containing encrypted speech blocks, training sequences, and guard periods between bursts.
- The document discusses troubleshooting an issue where an EVDO site is experiencing close to 100% access failures.
- It is determined that the reverse traffic channel acknowledgement (RTC Ack) message is missing, indicating a failure to acquire the reverse traffic channel.
- Suggestions are made to check parameters at the digital optical module (DOM) such as timing advance and reverse distribution delay to help identify the root cause.
Cutc izp deployment guide for nss(draft)Phuoc Phuoc
This document provides an overview and deployment guide for Intelligent Paging on CDMA networks. It describes how the network is divided into paging zones to improve paging channel capacity. When mobiles move between zones or are paged, only the base stations in that zone process the page instead of the entire network. It outlines the call processing and configuration changes needed to implement this feature.
1. The document discusses 1xEV-DO hard handoff, which involves handing off a mobile device's connection between base stations or access networks in a 1xEV-DO network.
2. A 1xEV-DO hard handoff can occur between base stations within the same radio node controller (RNC), between RNCs served by the same packet data serving node (PDSN), or between PDSNs.
3. The key aspects of a 1xEV-DO hard handoff are the registration of a new access network session on the target network, and establishment of a new R-P session between the target RNC and PDSN while maintaining the existing PPP connection between
The document discusses Nortel's Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) solution. Key points include:
- MEID replaces Electronic Serial Number to uniquely identify mobile devices as ESNs are exhausted.
- Nortel's solution supports MEID in their CDMA and EVDO networks through software upgrades and allows configuration of MEID querying and Public Long Code Mask assignment.
- Validation of MEIDs is added in MTX15 through provisioning in the HLR and MSC to check MEIDs against records during registration and calls.
This document provides an overview of diagnostic logging for Nortel's HTM ATP SBS & CPDS systems. It describes how to configure diagnostic logging via the GUI and command line for the SBS and CPDS subsystems. Logging can be unconditional or conditional on specific attributes. Logs are started, suspended, and uploaded. Considerations are given for log buffer behavior, conditional logging across MTX boundaries, and attribute granularity.
This document provides guidance for optimizing a 1xEV-DO Release 3.0 network. It outlines objectives and procedures for pre-optimization, including RF parameter verification, system health checks, and TCP/IP configuration. Optimization events are described, such as shakedowns, stationary testing, and cluster drive testing. Tools for data collection, analysis, and troubleshooting are also configured. The document aims to improve coverage, capacity, and performance of the 1xEV-DO network through a series of tests and optimizations.
The document discusses 1xEV-DO hard handoff which allows a mobile to transfer an active data session between base stations or access networks with minimal disruption. It describes the 1xEV-DO network architecture and call flow, and covers different types of hard handoffs including intra-RNC, inter-RNC/intra-PDSN, inter-RNC/inter-PDSN, 1xEV-DO to 1xRTT, and 1xRTT to 1xEV-DO. For inter-network handoffs, the PPP session and IP address may be maintained using mobile IP, otherwise a new PPP session and IP address will be established.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
4. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 4
The Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) feature can dynamically balance
the traffic across multiple RF carriers served by the same system
MCTA operates at call setup and supports up to 3 RF carriers per sector
MCTA mechanism can be used for both IS95 and IS2000 systems
MCTA can be Co-Functional with Hashing or GSR.
MCTA works with:
a single Metro Cell BTS
Metro Cell – Metro Cell BTS combination
Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) Overview
5. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 5
Capacity Estimate:
It is the estimated number of calls that can be carried on a specific sector.
It can be calculated as follows:
— EFLC (Excess Forward Link Capacity): The total available power in the
carrier.
— In 1xRTT network, The EFLC is adjusted according to the radio configuration
of the BTS (i.e. Radio Configstate (CellCapability), CCEM or XCEM)
MCTA Definitions
____
___
____
:_
=
availableCodesWalshofnumber
availableCEofnumber
availablelinksRFofnumber
ofSmallesttimateCapacityEs
6. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 6
MCTA (Capacity) Threshold (Datafilled in the Advancedsector(PilotDatabase) MO)
It is the number that is being used to determine the “Relative Capacity”
available in the sector in which a call will be setup. This parameter represents the
minimum value in which Excess Forward Links Capacity (EFLC) in units of calls
should drop below before selecting the next preferred frequency.
MCTA (Frequency) Priority (Datafilled in the Advancedsector(PilotDatabase) MO)
It is the factor that used to determine the order in which the carriers should be
analyzed (A lower value means the carrier has a higher priority).
Relative Capacity:
It is used by the MCTA algorithm when selecting a carrier. It is calculated as
follows:
Relative Capacity = Capacity Estimate - MCTA (Capacity)Threshold
MCTA Definitions (cont.)
7. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 7
MCTA Algorithm
During a new call or hard hand-off setup, the SBS Selector sends a ‘capacity
request’ message to each BTS serving the sector on which the call attempt was
made configured as a part of the MCTA cell site.
Each BTS responds back with its Capacity Estimate in the ‘Capacity Response’
message.
The SBS Controller uses the Carrier Determination Algorithm (CDA) to select
the best carrier using a combination of Frequency Priority, Capacity Threshold
and the Capacity Estimate response retrieved from the ‘Capacity Response’
Message.
MCTA Priority, MCTA Threshold and Frequency Priority, Capacity Threshold
will determine how MCTA operates
Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
8. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 8
Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
A single Metro Cell with 1 DCG - the MCTA decision takes
place at the BTS level
A single Metro Cell with 2 DCGs, the MCTA decision takes
place at the SBS level.
A Metro Cell – Metro Cell System - the MCTA decision
takes place at the SBS level.
Where does the MCTA decision take place?
9. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 9
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
AdvancedFA1
Frequency F1
AdvancedFA2
Frequency F2
BTS
Call Processing
Report Capacity Estimate
for F1 on Sector A
Report Capacity Estimate
for F2 on Sector A
MCBTS CDA selects the best
carrier per sector basis
SBS
Pilot Data Base
Sector (n) Capacity Threshold
Sector (n) Frequency Priority
.
.
Sector (x) Capacity Threshold
Sector (x) Frequency Priority
Report Capacity Estimate for the
selected frequency on Sector A
SBS CDA makes a final decision,
a frequency is selected
Assume that the mobile is in the idle mode on
this sector and originates a call
Single Metro Cell with 1 DCG
10. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 10
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
AdvancedFA1
Frequency F1
AdvancedFA2
Frequency F2
BTS
Call Processing
Report Capacity Estimate
for F1 on Sector A
Reports Capacity Estimate
for F2 on Sector A
MCBTS CDA selects the best
carrier on a per sector basis
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
AdvancedFA1
Frequency F3
AdvancedFA2
Frequency F4
BTS
Call Processing
Reports Capacity Estimate
for F3 on Sector A
MCBTS CDA selects the best
carrier on a per sector basis
SBS
Pilot Data Base
Sector (n) Capacity Threshold
Sector (n) Frequency Priority
.
.
Sector (x) Capacity Threshold
Sector (x) Frequency Priority
Reports Capacity Estimate for the
selected frequency on Sector A
Reports Capacity Estimate for the
selected frequency on Sector A
SBS CDA makes a final decision
A frequency is selected
DCG1 (MC 1)
DCG2 (MC 1)
Single Metro Cell with 2 DCGs Assume that the mobile is in the idle mode on
this sector and originates a call
11. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 11
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
AdvancedFA1
Frequency F1
AdvancedFA2
Frequency F2
BTS
Call Processing
Reports Capacity Estimate
for F1 on Sector A
Reports Capacity Estimate
for F2 on Sector A
MCBTS CDA selected the best
carrier on a per sector basis
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector A: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector B: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
Sector G: MCTA threshold
MCTA priority
AdvancedFA1
Frequency F3
AdvancedFA2
Frequency F4
BTS
Call Processing
Reports Capacity Estimate
for F3 on Sector A
MCBTS CDA selected the best
carrier on a per sector basis
SBS
Pilot Data Base
Sector (n) Capacity Threshold
Sector (n) Frequency Priority
.
.
Sector (x) Capacity Threshold
Sector (x) Frequency Priority
Reports Capacity Estimate for the
selected frequency on Sector A
Reports Capacity Estimate for the
selected frequency on Sector A
SBS CDA makes a final MCTA decision,
a frequency is selected
DCG1 (MC1)
DCG1 (MC2)
Metro Cell – Metro Cell
Assume that the mobile is in the idle mode on
this sector and originates a call
12. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 12
Flow Chart of CDA Algorithm
Find the preferred frequency ( F )
using the frequency priority entries
Calculate Capacity Estimate for
Each blossomed frequency in the sector
is Capacity
Estimate of (F)
>
MCTA threshold
of (F)
Select frequency ( F )
Find the next preferred frequency
using the priority entries
Are there any
more
frequencies
available?
Select the frequency
with the largest
Capacity Estimate
Y
N
Capacity Estimate
Number of calls that can
be carried on a specific
sector
MCTA Threshold
Minimum number of
calls to admit to a
high priority
frequency before
selecting the next
priority frequency
Y
N
CDA Calculated Relative Capacity
= Capacity Estimate – MCTA
Threshold
13. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 13
Frequency F1 F2 F3
Frequency Priority (datafill) 0 0 0
Capacity Threshold (datafill) 64 64 64
Calculated Capacity Estimate 6 8 4
Capacity Estimate > Capacity Threshold No No No
Calculated Relative Capacity -58 -56 -60
MCTA algorithm
Example 1: Even Traffic Distribution
14. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 14
Frequency F1 F2 F3
Frequency Priority (datafill) 0 1 2
Capacity Threshold (datafill) 64 5 10
Calculated Capacity Estimate 20 8 5
Capacity Estimate > Capacity Threshold No Yes -
Calculated Relative Capacity -44 3 -
MCTA algorithm
Example 2: Sequential Traffic Distribution
15. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 15
Frequency F1 F2 F3
Frequency Priority (datafill) 0 1 2
Capacity Threshold (datafill) 64 5 10
Calculated Capacity Estimate 20 2 5
Capacity Estimate > Capacity Threshold No Yes -
Calculated Relative Capacity -44 -3 -5
MCTA algorithm
Example 3: Sequential Traffic Distribution (10.1 BTS CDA)
16. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 16
MCTA Requirement Settings
The Cell IDs for multiple carriers of the same site location need to
be the same
All the Co-located MCTA BTS(s) must belong to the same BSC
Set the “MCTATimeout” parameter to a value that allows enough
time for the “Capacity Response” message from all BTSs to be
received at the SBS. Recommended value is 100 ms
The “frqvct” field (cdma_frequency_vector field) needs to be
datafilled with the appropriate frequency in the CDMAPART table
for each of the MCTA sectors. Once done, the MCTA OMs will be
collected on per frequency basis
18. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 18
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation MCTA
The MCTA feature in 1xRTT works in the same way as in an IS95 system. It
distributes CDMA traffic over the various carriers that have the same CELL ID in a
given sector
MCTA can support up to 3 carriers
In a 1xRTT system, MCTA also considers the Radio Configuration (RC) and user
type (voice and or data). In the other words, MCTA now evaluates its estimates for
each carrier based on the desired RC and the call type
The RC for a voice and data user will affect the results for the number of total
traffic channels, total forward power and the total available Walsh codes
Hardware Requirement
Metro Cell BTS (CCEM, XCEM)
Software Requirements
NBSS10.X or greater
Mobiles with MOB_P_REV >= 6
19. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 19
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) (Cont)
Datafill Requirements
MTX CDMAPART TABLE (Cont)
In order to activate MCTA, the Cell IDs for multiple carriers of the same
site need to be the same. So, in MTX CDMAPART table, the CELL ID
(SUBCELL) in the MTX CDMACELL table needs to be modified accordingly
The FRQVCT field contains two sub-fields, Band Class and Channel
Number, that need to be datafilled
Example
SUBCELL PILOTPN XLANUM TLDNPNUM CNIPBLK TRANSL FRQVCT SIDNID
1X 138 1 1 N NAXL 214 NPRT (1 425) (1 675) $ N
20. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 20
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
Datafill Requirements (Cont)
MTX CDMAPART TABLE
Subcell: Uniquely identifies a sector
• Range: Word32 Recommend Value: User Specific
Pilotpn: Pilot Pn for the MCTA sector
• Range: 0..512 Recommend Value: User Specific
Freqvct: CDMA Frequency Vector
Band Class Number: Band Class – Sub-field of Frqvct
• Range: 0, 1 Recommend Value: 0 – 800MHz; 1- 1900MHz
Channel Number: Channel Number – Sub-field of Frqvct
• Range: 0..1199 Recommend Value: User Specific
21. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 21
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) (Cont)
Datafill Requirements (Cont)
AdvancedSector MO
Sector Cell ID: Uniquely identifies a BTS
• Range: 0..65523 Recommend Value: User Specific
MCTA Threshold: The minimum value in which Excess Forward Links Capacity
(EFCL) in units of calls should drop below before selecting the next preferred
frequency.
• Range: 0..64 (NBSS10.x) Recommend Value: User Specific
MCTA Priority: It is the factor that used to determine the order in which the
carriers should be analyzed (A lower value means the carrier has a higher
preference).
• Range: 0..64 (NBSS10.x) Recommend Value: User Specific
MaxVoiceResources: defines upper limit of percentage of BTS resources
(forward link power and Walsh codes) used on voice calls
• Range: 0..100 Recommend Value: User Specific
MaxDataResources: defines upper limit of percentage of BTS resources
(forward link power and Walsh codes) used on 3G data calls
• Range: 0..100 Recommend Value: User Specific
22. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 22
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) (Cont)
Datafill Requirements (Cont)
AdvancedSector MO (Cont)
MaxDataFchResources: controls number of 3G data resources on fundamental
traffic channel vs. supplemental channel
• Range: 0..100 Recommend Value: User Specific
AdvancedFA MO
RadioConfigState: Identifies radio configuration and calls supported by the
carrier - Voice (2G and 3G) and Data (data only or mixed)
• Range: Voice_2G; Voice 2G/3G; Data_3G; Mixed; Mixed and RRM
Recommend Value: User Specific
PilotDataBase MO
ExtendedBaseID: Uniquely identifies a sector
• Range: Word32 Recommend Value: User Specific
Capacity Threshold: The minimum value in which Excess Forward Links
Capacity (EFCL) in units of calls should drop below before selecting the next
preferred frequency.
• Range: 0..64 (NBSS10.x) Recommend Value: User Specific
23. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 23
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA) (Cont)
Datafill Requirements (Cont)
PilotDatabase MO (Cont)
Frequency Priority: It is the factor that used to determine the order in which
the carriers should be analyzed (A lower value means the carrier has a higher
priority).
• Range: 0..64 (NBSS10.x) Recommend Value: User Specific
CellCapability: Define the sector service capability
• Range: Voice_2G; Voice 2G/3G; Data_3G; Mixed; Mixed and RRM
Recommend Value: User Specific
Note: The CellCapability (datafilled in PDB) and the RadioConfigState
(datafilled in AdvancedFA MO) are being used to define the sector capability of
handling various types of call services, so they should match in the datafill.
29. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 29
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
Limitation on resources that can be considered by MCTA based on desired RC for the call and user type
Note: MCTA is configurable on a per-sector basis
RC
Data
User
FCH
Physical
resources FCH Forward Power Walsh Codes
1 or 2 FALSE
CCEM or
XCEM
Portion of FCH forward power allocated
for voice only which is controlled by the
parameter MaxVoiceResources
Portion of Walsh codes allocated for
voice only which is controlled by the
parameter MaxVoiceResources
3+ FALSE XCEM only
Portion of FCH forward power allocated
for voice only which is controlled by the
parameter MaxVoiceResources
Portion of Walsh codes allocated for
voice only which is controlled by the
parameter MaxVoiceResources
3+ TRUE XCEM only
Portion of FCH forward power allocated
for FCH data only which is controlled by
the parameters MaxDataResources and
MaxDataFCHResources
Portion of Walsh codes allocated for
FCH data only which is controlled by the
parameters MaxVoiceResources and
MaxDataFCHResources
30. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 30
IS95AB/IS2000 Messaging
There is no messaging directly involved with this functionality. The
MCTA functionality is implemented through Carrier Determination
Algorithm (CDA) at both the BTS and SBS level. The call origination
message on the access channel and the channel assignment message on
the paging channel are the messages that are related to MCTA
Procedure to turn this function ON/OFF
If the Multi-Carrier site has the same CELL ID among all carriers and all
carriers of this site are on the same BSC, the MCTA functionality is
automatically ON for this site.
By properly datafilling the MCTA (Capacity) Threshold and MCTA
(Frequency) Priority at the AdvancedSector MO (Pilot Database table),
MCTA is able to distribute calls among the carriers during the access
state
In addition to 1xRTT voice and data service distribution, the following
attributes need to be datafilled accomplish this task.
“RadioConfigState” datafilled at the AdvanceFA MO,
“MaxVoiceResources”, MaxDataResources and MaxDataFCHResources
datafilled at the AdvanceSector MO and CellCapability at Pilot Database
MO
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
31. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 31
Message Logging
The following attributes need to be checked at the mobile log
mask
Access Channel Message
Paging Channel Message
Fwd Traffic Channel Message
Rev Traffic Channel Message
How to verify this functionality:
In order to verify that the calls are directed to their correct
carrier according to their RC types, mobile logging is needed
for this verification
Users can verify the CDMA channel that has been assigned for
this call from the channel assignment message
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (Cont)
33. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 33
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
1. Radio Configuration Downgrades
Radio configuration downgrades happen when there are no RC3+ physical resource to
support the call on all carriers in the Metrocell. The capacity estimate will be based on
resources for an RC1/2 voice call, and the capacity estimate is marked as a downgrade.
In the capacity response message, going back to the SBS controller, the downgrade
field must be set to true when the capacity estimate has been downgraded
The resource requests for the FCH(s) can have downgrades in the radio configurations
A downgrade in the RC can occur for one of the following reasons:
The operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) attribute RC4_Preferred is set
to true indicating that RC4 is preferred over RC3 (RC3 redirected to RC4)
There are no physical resources for the specified RC. If there is no forward power or
Walsh codes available, the FCH RC will not be downgraded since any attempt will result in
failure
The RadioConfigState CFDS attribute is set to Voice_2G
36. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 36
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA
Case 1: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Voice_2G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will not have
any impact:
2G Voice calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long
resources are available
37. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 37
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 2: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Data_3G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will have
the following Impact:
It will not provide any capacity gain because RC3+ data calls are only
placed by MCTA on F2 if resources are available
The RC1/2 voice calls are only placed on F1 if resources are available
If a 3G mobile latched onto the paging channel of F2 and attempts to
make a voice call, MCTA would setup the voice call attempt on F1.
The RC3+ voice call attempt will be downgraded to RC1/2 voice call
if resources are available
38. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 38
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 3: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Voice_2G_3G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will have the
following Impact:
RC3+ voice calls are placed only on carrier F2 as long as XCEM resources are
available on F2 and F2 is not running out of forward power and Walsh codes
When carrier F2 runs out of XCEM resources but not out of forward power and
Walsh codes, RC3+ voice calls are downgraded to RC1/2 and can be placed by
MCTA on either F1 or F2 (It’s recommended to have only XCEMs for F2 to avoid
needless RC downgrades)
When carrier F2 runs out of forward power and Walsh codes, RC3+ voice calls
are downgraded to RC1/2 and can be placed by MCTA only on F1 if the
resources are available
RC1/2 calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as resources are
available
39. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 39
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 4: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Mixed or Mixed_and_RRM
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will have the
following Impact:
RC3+ voice calls are placed only on carrier F2 as long as XCEM resources,
forward power and Walsh code portions are available for voice
When carrier F2 runs out of XCEM resources but not out of forward power and
Walsh codes, RC3+ voice calls are downgraded to RC1/2 and can be placed by
MCTA on either F1 or F2 (It’s recommended to have only XCEM for F2 to avoid
needless RC downgrades)
When carrier F2 runs out of forward power and Walsh codes portion allocated
for voice, RC3+ voice calls are downgraded to RC1/2 and can be placed by
MCTA only if F1 resources are available
RC1/2 calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as resources are
available
Note: It is recommend to datafill F1 with a higher Frequency Priority than F2
40. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 40
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 5: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G_3G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Voice_2G_3G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will not have
any impact:
2G and 3G voice calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as
resources are available
When one carrier runs out of XCEM resources before it runs out of forward
power and Walsh codes, that carrier can no longer be considered by MCTA
for RC3+ voice calls until the same happens with the other carrier
When both carriers run out of XCEM resources, RC3+ voice calls get
downgraded to RC1/2, and get placed on either F1 or F2
Note: It is recommended to have only XCEM for F1 and F2 to avoid RC downgrades
41. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 41
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 6: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G_3G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Data_3G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will have the
following impact:
MCTA will not provide any capacity gain because RC3+ data calls are only
placed on F2 if resources are available, and voice calls are only placed
on F1 if resources are available
When these 2 carriers are co-located, they should be assigned the same
CELL ID due to the following reasons:
A 3G mobile which gets on the paging channel of F2 and attempts to
make a voice call, will be redirected by MCTA resources to set up the
voice call attempt on F1
A 3G mobile which gets on the paging channel of F1 and attempts
to make a data call, will be redirected by MCTA resources to set up the
data call attempt on F2
42. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 42
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 7: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Voice_2G_3G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Mixed or Mixed_and_RRM
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will not have
any impact:
RC3+ data calls are placed only on carrier F2 as long as XCEM resources,
forward power and Walsh code portions are available for data
RC3+ voice calls can be placed by MCTA on either carrier F1 or F2 as long as XCEM
resources are available and both carriers are not running out of forward
power and Walsh codes portions allocated for voice
RC1/2 calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as resources
(XCEM, CCEM) are available and both carriers are not running out of
forward power and Walsh codes portion allocated for voice
Note: It is recommended to have only XCEM cards for F1 and F2 to avoid RC downgrades for
3G voice calls and needless blocks of 3G data calls on F2 due to the lack of XCEM.
It is also recommended to datafill F1 with higher Frequency Priority than F2
43. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 43
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 8: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Data_3G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Data_3G
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will not have
any impact:
3G data calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as
resources are available
44. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 44
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
3. Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 9: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Data_3G
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Mixed or Mixed_and_RRM
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will have the
following Impact:
2G voice calls can only be placed by MCTA on carrier F2 as long as XCEM or
CCEM resources are available and F2 is not running out of forward power and
Walsh codes portions allocated for voice
3G voice calls can only be placed by MCTA on carrier F2 as long as XCEM
resources are available and F2 is not running out of forward power and Walsh
codes portions allocated for voice
RC3+ data calls can be placed by MCTA on either F1 or F2 as long as resources
are available
Note: It is recommend to datafill F1 with a higher Frequency Priority than F2 so that
all 3G data calls go to F1 first until F1 is fully loaded. This way 2G and 3G voice
calls are not blocked unnecessarily
45. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 45
1xRTT Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation (MCTA)
Carrier Configurations impact on MCTA (Cont)
Case 10: Radio Configuration State for F1 : Mixed or Mixed_and_RRM
Radio Configuration State for F2 : Mixed or Mixed_and_RRM
Having MCTA functionality turned on between these two carriers will not have
any impact:
2G and 3G voice calls as well as 3G data calls can be placed by MCTA on
either F1 or F2 as long as resources are available
Note: It is recommend to have only XCEM for F1 and F2 to avoid RC downgrades for 3G voice
calls and needless blocks of 3G data calls due to the lack of XCEM
47. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 47
Prior to 10.3 Load - MCTA Algorithm
SBS CDA
Responsible for choosing between different carriers on a BTS sector basis when allocating
resources for a call
For equal high priority carriers, the SBS CDA carrier selection is based on the first response
received with positive relative capacity that supports the radio configuration requested by the
mobiles
When all the carriers have a negative or zero Relative Capacity, the SBS CDA selects the carrier
with the largest Capacity Estimate
10.3 Load - MCTA Algorithm
SBS CDA Enhancement
Responsible for choosing between different carriers on a BTS sector basis when allocating
resources for a call
For equal high priority carriers, the SBS CDA is enhanced to wait for all the BTSs to respond
before making a decision within the predefined CDA timer “MCTA time out” in SBSC MO (Default
value is 100 msec). After responses from all equal priority carriers are received, the enhanced
CDA algorithm at SBS processes the carriers based on priority, capacity and type of radio
resources available for the call. If 2 or more carriers have equal priority, the CDA selects the
carrier with the highest positive Relative Capacity that supports the Radio Configuration
requested by the mobile.
When all the carriers have a negative or zero Relative Capacity, the SBS CDA selects the carrier
with the largest Capacity Estimate
NBSS 10.3 – SBS CDA vs SBS CDA Enhancement
48. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 48
Prior to 10.3 Load - MCTA Algorithm
MCBTS CDA
Responsible for choosing between different Carriers on a per sector basis
For equal high priority carriers, the last carrier initialized is the first carrier to
be used if it has positive Relative Capacity, that supports the Radio Configuration
requested by mobiles. If not, the MCBTS CDA continues with the next carrier in the
order of last initialized until it finds a carrier with positive Relative Capacity
When all the carriers have a negative Relative Capacity, the MCBTS CDA selects
the carrier with the least negative Relative Capacity
10.3 Load - MCTA Algorithm
MCBTS CDA Enhancement
Responsible for choosing between different Carriers on a per sector basis
For equal high priority carriers, the MCBTS CDA calculates Relative Capacity from
all the carriers with the same Cell ID and will select the carrier with the highest
positive Relative Capacity that supports the Radio Configuration requested by
mobile
When all the carriers have a negative or zero Relative Capacity, the MCBTS CDA
selects the carrier with the the largest Capacity Estimate
NBSS 10.3 – MCBTS CDA vs MCBTS CDA Enhancement
49. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 49
CDA With Retain Loading (NBSS 10.3)
CDA with Retain Loading
With Retain Loading turned on, the CDA will retain the call setup
(Origination, Termination, or Hard Handoff) on the same carrier until this
carrier’s Relative Capacity is less than or equal to zero
Once the originating carrier (with retain loading on) has its Relative
Capacity less than or equal to 0, the next carrier is considered based on
Frequency Priority/MCTA Priority and Capacity Threshold/MCTA Threshold for
a call setup
50. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 50
CDA With Retain Loading – NBSS 10.3 (Cont)
CDA with Retain Loading (Cont)
With CDA retain loading turned on, the call type (2G, 3G voice and/or
data), resources available (XCEM/CCEM, forward power, Walsh codes) and
datafill (CellCapability and RadioConfigState) are also taken into
consideration for the determination on which carrier is selected
51. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 51
MCTA Retain Loading Datafill parameters (NBSS 10.3)
MCTAAlgorithm is a new parameter introduced to the existing PDBRecord of the
PilotDataBase and SystemPilotDataBase MO for controlling the Retain Loading ON/OFF
capability. This attribute can have 2 values:
MCTA_ONLY
MCTA_WITH_RETAIN_LOAD
When the MCTAAlgorithm parameter is datafilled with the value “MCTA_ONLY”, only the
Enhanced CDA algorithm functionality is active (No Retain Loading)
When the MCTAAlgorithm parameter is datafilled with the value
“MCTA_WITH_RETAIN_LOAD”, the CDA with retain loading is active and the Enhanced CDA is
also on
MCTAAlgorithm can be updated via the NCF file with the corresponding parameter
MCTA_ALGORITHM. The valid enumerations for this parameter are “mcta_only” and
“mcta_with_retain_loading”. CDF Editor can also be used to turn this function ON/OFF
The MCTAAlgorithm parameter field will display in each PDBRecord in the BSM GUI, CLI,
and BSMCI User Interfaces after migration to the 10.3 release
52. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 52
MCTA Retain Loading (NBSS 10.3) – Rules for Deploying with Retain Loading ON
The MCTA Threshold in Advanced Sector MO and the Capacity Threshold in PDB
Record of the Pilot Data Base should be set between 0 and 5
It is suggested that MCTA with Retain Loading on should be deployed across a
cluster or a network that has a BSC with all ESEL cards.
Each carrier should have a paging channel in order to get the benefit of this
feature (MCTA with retain loading on)
53. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 53
MCTA Retain Loading - (NBSS 10.3): Example
MCTA with Retain Loading on versus Priority Setting
• Assume that mobile is idle on F1 and originates
Call
• Call will be set up on F1 even though the MCTA
Priority and Frequency Priority of F1 are set to 1
and MCTA Priority and Frequency Priority of F2 is
set to 0
• This call is only route to F2 only if Relative
Capacity of F1 is less than or equal 0 or F1’s
MCTA Algorithm is set to MCTA_ONLY
54. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 54
MCTA Retain Loading – Feature Restrictions and Limitations (NBSS 10.3)
The Retain Loading and Enhanced CDA functionality is only supported on the ESEL
card
Retain Loading functionality is settable. It can be ON or OFF on per carrier-sector
basis
The Enhanced CDA is automatically employed upon Subsystem (SBS and MCBTS)
Upgrade. The Enhanced CDA functionality is not optional (i.e. MCTA_ONLY is a
default value for the MCTAAlgorithm)
The Retain Loading functionality deployment across the customer’s network relies
on the existing NCF and BSMCI User interfaces to turn ON/OFF of the Retain Loading
functionality
This feature introduces no new OM and no changes to logging
55. NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL Page 55
References
1. Document - 1xRTT Traffic Management, Core RF Engineering,
September 26, 2001.
2. TIA/EIA– “IS2000.5-A”, Chapter 5, Version 1.0, 2001
3. TIA/EIA– “IS95-B”, Version 1.0, 2000
4. PowerPoint – “CDMA Traffic Allocation”, John Alomari,
September, 2000.
5. NTP – “CDMA 3G Data and Capacity Solutions – RF Optimization
Guideline”, NBSS10.1, April 2001 (NTP 411-2133-004).
6. NTP - 3G Data and Capacity Solutions Planning Guide, NBSS10.1
(NTP 411-2133- 117).
7. NTP - CDMA MTX Planning Guide, (NTP 411-2133-130).