[Architecture ebook] buddhist architecture
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There are three main types of structures associated with early Buddhist architecture: viharas, stupas, and temples. Viharas were originally simple shelters for monks to live and eat, but later became more permanent buildings for gathering. Stupas started as burial mounds for monks but evolved into towers, with their shape representing Buddhist philosophies. Temples feature a main pagoda building surrounded by other structures, with the pagoda having an odd number of levels symbolizing Buddhist beliefs.
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Buddhist architectrure
Buddhist architecture in ancient India included structures like stupas, chaityas, viharas, and stambhas. Stupas housed sacred Buddhist relics and had a rounded dome-like shape. Chaityas were prayer halls with a stupa at one end and were made in rock-cut caves. Viharas were monasteries that provided living quarters for monks. Stambhas were tall, polished stone pillars sometimes topped with sculptures. These structures developed under emperors like Ashoka who built many early Buddhist monuments to spread the religion across India.
Buddhist Architecture
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
Buddhist architecture
All architectural Structures and features in brief.Includes Stupa,Ashokan pillar, Vihara and chaitiya halls.
A buddhist contempoorary architecture .
The document discusses the history and evolution of Buddhist architecture from its origins in India. Key elements of Buddhist architecture discussed include stupas, stambhas, viharas, and chaityas. Stupas evolved over time, changing shapes across different regions while maintaining symbolic meanings. Viharas began as simple wood or bamboo structures before standardized rock-cut designs emerged with cells and courts. Chaityas were cave temples carved from rock displaying influences from Roman architecture. While declining in India, Buddhist architectural styles continue to influence design in countries like China, Japan, and Sri Lanka through structures like the eco-friendly quarry hotel in China.
Buddhist architecture
This document discusses the history and key architectural elements of Buddhist architecture in India, beginning with its origins in the Indus Valley civilization. It describes the three main types of Buddhist structures - monasteries (viharas), places of relic veneration (stupas), and prayer halls (chaityas or temples). Specific examples like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and caves at Ajanta and Ellora are highlighted. Distinctive features of stupas, chaityas and viharas like their layouts, components, and ornamentation are outlined. The document also notes how Buddhist architectural styles have been adapted in other countries as Buddhism spread.
Lecture iv buddhist architecture
The document provides details about Buddhist architecture and key structures found in Buddhist temples. It describes the major architectural features developed during the time of Emperor Ashoka in India, including stupas, stambhas, chaitya halls, and viharas. It provides in-depth descriptions of the design and symbolic meaning of stupas, such as those found at Sanchi and Sarnath. Stupas served as burial mounds containing Buddhist relics and came to represent cosmic symbols in response to the human condition of death in Buddhism.
Chaitya Hall At Karli
The document describes Chaitya halls, which are Buddhist shrines or prayer halls found in ancient Indian rock-cut architecture. It focuses on the Chaitya hall located at the Karli caves in Maharashtra. The Karli Chaitya hall dates back to around the 3rd century BC and has architectural features typical of Chaitya design, including a vaulted ceiling supported by columns, with an apse at the end containing a stupa for devotees to circumambulate. The hall was carved out of solid rock using a process that began from the ceiling down, and contains intricately carved details and sculptural elements representative of ancient Indian wooden architecture.
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The document summarizes information about stupas located around the world. It describes the origins and symbolism of stupas, and provides details about the structure, architecture, and historical context of specific stupas in India, Japan, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia, including the Great Stupa and Dhamekh Stupa in India, the stupa built by a Japanese monk in Ladakh, and the famous Borobudur Temple in Indonesia. Comparisons are made between some of the large and important stupas discussed.
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Buddhist architectrure
Buddhist architecture in ancient India included structures like stupas, chaityas, viharas, and stambhas. Stupas housed sacred Buddhist relics and had a rounded dome-like shape. Chaityas were prayer halls with a stupa at one end and were made in rock-cut caves. Viharas were monasteries that provided living quarters for monks. Stambhas were tall, polished stone pillars sometimes topped with sculptures. These structures developed under emperors like Ashoka who built many early Buddhist monuments to spread the religion across India.
Buddhist Architecture
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
Buddhist architecture
All architectural Structures and features in brief.Includes Stupa,Ashokan pillar, Vihara and chaitiya halls.
A buddhist contempoorary architecture .
The document discusses the history and evolution of Buddhist architecture from its origins in India. Key elements of Buddhist architecture discussed include stupas, stambhas, viharas, and chaityas. Stupas evolved over time, changing shapes across different regions while maintaining symbolic meanings. Viharas began as simple wood or bamboo structures before standardized rock-cut designs emerged with cells and courts. Chaityas were cave temples carved from rock displaying influences from Roman architecture. While declining in India, Buddhist architectural styles continue to influence design in countries like China, Japan, and Sri Lanka through structures like the eco-friendly quarry hotel in China.
Buddhist architecture
This document discusses the history and key architectural elements of Buddhist architecture in India, beginning with its origins in the Indus Valley civilization. It describes the three main types of Buddhist structures - monasteries (viharas), places of relic veneration (stupas), and prayer halls (chaityas or temples). Specific examples like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and caves at Ajanta and Ellora are highlighted. Distinctive features of stupas, chaityas and viharas like their layouts, components, and ornamentation are outlined. The document also notes how Buddhist architectural styles have been adapted in other countries as Buddhism spread.
Lecture iv buddhist architecture
The document provides details about Buddhist architecture and key structures found in Buddhist temples. It describes the major architectural features developed during the time of Emperor Ashoka in India, including stupas, stambhas, chaitya halls, and viharas. It provides in-depth descriptions of the design and symbolic meaning of stupas, such as those found at Sanchi and Sarnath. Stupas served as burial mounds containing Buddhist relics and came to represent cosmic symbols in response to the human condition of death in Buddhism.
Chaitya Hall At Karli
The document describes Chaitya halls, which are Buddhist shrines or prayer halls found in ancient Indian rock-cut architecture. It focuses on the Chaitya hall located at the Karli caves in Maharashtra. The Karli Chaitya hall dates back to around the 3rd century BC and has architectural features typical of Chaitya design, including a vaulted ceiling supported by columns, with an apse at the end containing a stupa for devotees to circumambulate. The hall was carved out of solid rock using a process that began from the ceiling down, and contains intricately carved details and sculptural elements representative of ancient Indian wooden architecture.
Stupas
The document summarizes information about stupas located around the world. It describes the origins and symbolism of stupas, and provides details about the structure, architecture, and historical context of specific stupas in India, Japan, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia, including the Great Stupa and Dhamekh Stupa in India, the stupa built by a Japanese monk in Ladakh, and the famous Borobudur Temple in Indonesia. Comparisons are made between some of the large and important stupas discussed.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture from the time of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE to later periods. It notes that Ashoka promoted Buddhism throughout his empire by erecting stone pillars with edicts, as well as commemorating important Buddhist sites. Stupas originated as burial mounds but later came to symbolize various Buddhist concepts. The stupa complex at Sanchi featuring three main stupas, including the Great Stupa, as well as carved gateways and monastic structures, became a major pilgrimage site. Rock-cut cave monasteries also emerged as places for meditation and residence for monks.
Stupas architecture by abhishek abhinav sagar
The document provides information about Buddhist architecture and stupas. It describes how stupas originated as burial mounds containing Buddhist relics and became places of worship. The principal features of stupas are then outlined, including the dome shape, harmika section at the top, and circular railing or vedica surrounding it. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is discussed as the oldest stone structure in India, with details on its construction and ornamental gateways. Different types of Tibetan stupas are also listed that commemorate important events in the Buddha's life.
A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE- Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is one of the four holy sites related to the life of the Lord Buddha, and particularly to the attainment of Enlightenment. The first temple was built by Emperor Asoka in the 3rd century B.C., and the present temple dates from the 5th or 6th centuries. It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples built entirely in brick, still standing in India, from the late Gupta period
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture. It provides an overview of key architectural features associated with Buddhism such as pillars, stupas, and rock-cut caves that were developed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka to spread Buddhism. It then describes the architectural developments during the early Mahayana phase, including masonry stupas, wooden chaitya halls, and rock-cut monasteries. Specific examples of notable Buddhist architectural structures are highlighted such as the Sanchi stupas, Ajanta caves, and Borobudur temple. In conclusion, it notes how Buddhist communities decided to promote their religion through architectural monuments that reflected the preachings of Buddha and spread Buddhism across many countries through a variety of styles
Budhhist Architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in India in the 3rd century BCE and included monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaityas). Viharas were initially temporary shelters for monks but later became more formal monasteries. Stupas originally housed Buddhist relics and the earliest is the Great Stupa at Sanchi. Chaityas were prayer halls with pillars leading to a stupa and examples can be seen at Ajanta. Architectural styles diverged as Buddhism spread but initially drew from early Indian models. Tibetan architecture was influenced by Nepal, China, and India while Sri Lankan architecture was mainly religious following the introduction
Buddhism for class
Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. The two main branches are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is prominent in Southeast Asia while Mahayana is found in East Asia. Early Buddhist architecture included stupas to house relics and mark important sites. The Great Stupa at Sanchi, built in the 3rd century BC, exemplifies the architectural elements of stupas including a hemispherical dome, circular terraces, and carved gateways. Monasteries like Takht-i-Bahai featured courtyards, stupas, chapels, and residential quarters for monks. Chaitya halls provided worship spaces
History of Architecture - Vedic and Buddhist Architecture
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Buddhist architecture stupas, vihara halls, chaitya halls, sthambas, and its way to temple architecture and evolution.
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The document provides information on Vedic, Buddhist, and Tibetan architectural styles. It discusses key elements of each style such as vastupurusha in Vedic architecture, stupas and viharas in Buddhist architecture, and the eight great stupas in Tibetan architecture. Pagodas are also summarized as evolving from stupas and varying in design across countries in Asia based on local architectural details. Specific historic structures exemplifying each style are highlighted such as the Great Sanchi Stupa and the Iron Pagoda of Kaifeng.
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The document discusses key aspects of Buddhist architecture in India, including pillars (lats), stupas, and cave temples. It describes two main types of lats and provides details on important stupas like the Sanchi Stupa and Stupa at Amaravati. Monasteries (viharas) and worship halls (chaityas) are also summarized, with the chaitya at Karli given as an example. Finally, some of India's major cave temple sites reflecting Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions are highlighted briefly, including Ajanta, Ellora, and Elephanta Caves.
Buddhist architecture in india
History of architecture, architecture, b. arch, buddhism, buddhism in india.
history of buddhism and related architecture.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses various architectural features of ancient Buddhist architecture in India, which originated under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. It began with the development of symbols representing Buddha's life and teachings. Principal structures were built with a wide base tapering gradually upward for stability. Notable architectural forms discussed include stupas, viharas, chaityas, edicts, and stambhas (pillars). The Great Stupa at Sanchi is described as a well-preserved example from the 3rd century BCE containing sculptures of Buddha. Ashoka used edicts and pillars displaying the Wheel of Law to spread Buddhism across his empire.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses key aspects of Buddhist architecture including stupas, viharas, and chaitya halls. Stupas were mound structures containing Buddhist relics used for worship. The Great Stupa at Sanchi, India is described as having a hemispherical brick dome, a balustrade, and four carved gateways. Viharas were monasteries for Buddhist priests with main halls, assembly halls, dining chambers, and cells. Notable examples include the caves at Ajanta and Ellora. Chaitya halls had a small entrance opening to a vaulted hall with an apsidal end and columns dividing the space into a nave and aisles. The chaitya hall at Karli is
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The document discusses key principles of Buddhism and some of its important architectural monuments in India, such as stupas and pillars. It notes that Buddhism was founded in the 6th century BCE by Gautama Buddha and preaches the path of spiritual practice and insight to end suffering. Major monuments discussed include the Great Stupa at Sanchi, known for its elaborate gateways and carvings depicting Buddhist teachings, and the Ashoka pillars erected throughout India, such as the famous pillar at Sarnath topped with a lion capital.
Architecture
The document provides an overview of art and architecture in India from ancient times to the colonial period. It discusses the major phases and styles of architecture including Indus Valley civilization sites featuring advanced town planning; Buddhist stupa architecture under Ashoka; the development of Hindu temple architecture under the Guptas; and the introduction of Islamic architectural forms like mosques and tombs. It also describes important architectural features like the structures of stupas and the general characteristics of rock-cut cave architecture featuring chaityas and viharas. Major sites highlighted include Sanchi, Sarnath, Amaravati, Ellora, and Mamallapuram.
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The document provides information about the Ajanta and Ellora caves located in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain caves found at both sites, describing some of the most prominent ones. The Ajanta caves contain paintings depicting Buddha's life and the Ellora caves feature elaborate carvings of Hindu gods as well as the impressive Kailasanatha Temple carved out of solid rock. Both sites provide historical insights into religion and art from ancient India.
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Excellent Jain architecture and sculpture can be seen in their Stupas and rock-cut caves found in Mathura, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa cave temples. A number of rock-cut caves have been discovered in Udaigiri and Khandagiri, twin hills in Puri District of Orissa and in Ellora in Maharashtra.
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Presentation2
A vihara is a Buddhist monastery. Originally, it was a temporary dwelling for wandering monks during the rainy season. Over time, wealthy donors constructed more permanent and lavish monasteries. A standard plan emerged with cells arranged around a central courtyard. Some key viharas, like Nalanda, became major centers of Buddhist learning. The state of Bihar in India derives its name from vihara, as the region was home to many monasteries.
Nagara Style
The document discusses the architectural features and styles of North Indian temples, specifically the Nagara style. It describes elements like the shikhara tower, amalaka disc, and urushringa subsidiary towers that characterize this style. It provides examples of specific temples demonstrating Nagara architecture, including those at Khajuraho, West Bengal, Gujarat in the Solanki style, Konark, and the Hoysala empire in Karnataka.
Stupas.
Dear All Conecrn;
The Info.Acquired Fromwww.Google.com. It Has the " Stupas : Reconclillation About : Sangha : From Magdha.
Regards All;
Mr.Deepak S.Sawant Nick Name : Mr.Ronnie.
Buddhist Architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism:
monasteries , places to venerate relics , and shrines or prayer halls , also called , which later came to be called temples in some places.
Stupas
The document discusses the origins, evolution, and architectural elements of stupas and viharas in ancient India. It provides details on some key early stupas like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and the Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath. It also describes the rock-cut viharas at Ajanta and Ellora that served as monasteries for Buddhist monks, as well as chaitya halls used for worship that were elaborately decorated with sculptures and paintings.
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Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture from the time of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE to later periods. It notes that Ashoka promoted Buddhism throughout his empire by erecting stone pillars with edicts, as well as commemorating important Buddhist sites. Stupas originated as burial mounds but later came to symbolize various Buddhist concepts. The stupa complex at Sanchi featuring three main stupas, including the Great Stupa, as well as carved gateways and monastic structures, became a major pilgrimage site. Rock-cut cave monasteries also emerged as places for meditation and residence for monks.
Stupas architecture by abhishek abhinav sagar
The document provides information about Buddhist architecture and stupas. It describes how stupas originated as burial mounds containing Buddhist relics and became places of worship. The principal features of stupas are then outlined, including the dome shape, harmika section at the top, and circular railing or vedica surrounding it. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is discussed as the oldest stone structure in India, with details on its construction and ornamental gateways. Different types of Tibetan stupas are also listed that commemorate important events in the Buddha's life.
A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE- Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is one of the four holy sites related to the life of the Lord Buddha, and particularly to the attainment of Enlightenment. The first temple was built by Emperor Asoka in the 3rd century B.C., and the present temple dates from the 5th or 6th centuries. It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples built entirely in brick, still standing in India, from the late Gupta period
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture. It provides an overview of key architectural features associated with Buddhism such as pillars, stupas, and rock-cut caves that were developed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka to spread Buddhism. It then describes the architectural developments during the early Mahayana phase, including masonry stupas, wooden chaitya halls, and rock-cut monasteries. Specific examples of notable Buddhist architectural structures are highlighted such as the Sanchi stupas, Ajanta caves, and Borobudur temple. In conclusion, it notes how Buddhist communities decided to promote their religion through architectural monuments that reflected the preachings of Buddha and spread Buddhism across many countries through a variety of styles
Budhhist Architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in India in the 3rd century BCE and included monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaityas). Viharas were initially temporary shelters for monks but later became more formal monasteries. Stupas originally housed Buddhist relics and the earliest is the Great Stupa at Sanchi. Chaityas were prayer halls with pillars leading to a stupa and examples can be seen at Ajanta. Architectural styles diverged as Buddhism spread but initially drew from early Indian models. Tibetan architecture was influenced by Nepal, China, and India while Sri Lankan architecture was mainly religious following the introduction
Buddhism for class
Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. The two main branches are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is prominent in Southeast Asia while Mahayana is found in East Asia. Early Buddhist architecture included stupas to house relics and mark important sites. The Great Stupa at Sanchi, built in the 3rd century BC, exemplifies the architectural elements of stupas including a hemispherical dome, circular terraces, and carved gateways. Monasteries like Takht-i-Bahai featured courtyards, stupas, chapels, and residential quarters for monks. Chaitya halls provided worship spaces
History of Architecture - Vedic and Buddhist Architecture
Indus valley civilization and its introduction to the planning
Buddhist architecture stupas, vihara halls, chaitya halls, sthambas, and its way to temple architecture and evolution.
vedic architecture and buddhist architecture of asia
The document provides information on Vedic, Buddhist, and Tibetan architectural styles. It discusses key elements of each style such as vastupurusha in Vedic architecture, stupas and viharas in Buddhist architecture, and the eight great stupas in Tibetan architecture. Pagodas are also summarized as evolving from stupas and varying in design across countries in Asia based on local architectural details. Specific historic structures exemplifying each style are highlighted such as the Great Sanchi Stupa and the Iron Pagoda of Kaifeng.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses key aspects of Buddhist architecture in India, including pillars (lats), stupas, and cave temples. It describes two main types of lats and provides details on important stupas like the Sanchi Stupa and Stupa at Amaravati. Monasteries (viharas) and worship halls (chaityas) are also summarized, with the chaitya at Karli given as an example. Finally, some of India's major cave temple sites reflecting Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions are highlighted briefly, including Ajanta, Ellora, and Elephanta Caves.
Buddhist architecture in india
History of architecture, architecture, b. arch, buddhism, buddhism in india.
history of buddhism and related architecture.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses various architectural features of ancient Buddhist architecture in India, which originated under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. It began with the development of symbols representing Buddha's life and teachings. Principal structures were built with a wide base tapering gradually upward for stability. Notable architectural forms discussed include stupas, viharas, chaityas, edicts, and stambhas (pillars). The Great Stupa at Sanchi is described as a well-preserved example from the 3rd century BCE containing sculptures of Buddha. Ashoka used edicts and pillars displaying the Wheel of Law to spread Buddhism across his empire.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses key aspects of Buddhist architecture including stupas, viharas, and chaitya halls. Stupas were mound structures containing Buddhist relics used for worship. The Great Stupa at Sanchi, India is described as having a hemispherical brick dome, a balustrade, and four carved gateways. Viharas were monasteries for Buddhist priests with main halls, assembly halls, dining chambers, and cells. Notable examples include the caves at Ajanta and Ellora. Chaitya halls had a small entrance opening to a vaulted hall with an apsidal end and columns dividing the space into a nave and aisles. The chaitya hall at Karli is
Buddhist Archiectute
The document discusses key principles of Buddhism and some of its important architectural monuments in India, such as stupas and pillars. It notes that Buddhism was founded in the 6th century BCE by Gautama Buddha and preaches the path of spiritual practice and insight to end suffering. Major monuments discussed include the Great Stupa at Sanchi, known for its elaborate gateways and carvings depicting Buddhist teachings, and the Ashoka pillars erected throughout India, such as the famous pillar at Sarnath topped with a lion capital.
Architecture
The document provides an overview of art and architecture in India from ancient times to the colonial period. It discusses the major phases and styles of architecture including Indus Valley civilization sites featuring advanced town planning; Buddhist stupa architecture under Ashoka; the development of Hindu temple architecture under the Guptas; and the introduction of Islamic architectural forms like mosques and tombs. It also describes important architectural features like the structures of stupas and the general characteristics of rock-cut cave architecture featuring chaityas and viharas. Major sites highlighted include Sanchi, Sarnath, Amaravati, Ellora, and Mamallapuram.
Ajanta ellora caves
The document provides information about the Ajanta and Ellora caves located in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain caves found at both sites, describing some of the most prominent ones. The Ajanta caves contain paintings depicting Buddha's life and the Ellora caves feature elaborate carvings of Hindu gods as well as the impressive Kailasanatha Temple carved out of solid rock. Both sites provide historical insights into religion and art from ancient India.
Jain architecture
Excellent Jain architecture and sculpture can be seen in their Stupas and rock-cut caves found in Mathura, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa cave temples. A number of rock-cut caves have been discovered in Udaigiri and Khandagiri, twin hills in Puri District of Orissa and in Ellora in Maharashtra.
Sanchi Stupa
The Sanchi Stupa is located in Sanchi, India and was originally commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. It is one of the oldest stone structures in India and was built to house Buddhist relics. The stupa has undergone several phases of construction, with Ashoka building the original structure and later additions including four ornately carved toranas or gateways around the 1st century BCE. The stupa complex contains numerous sculptures depicting Buddhist art and symbolism from its various periods of construction and was an important early center of Buddhism, until it fell into disrepair with the decline of the religion in India.
Presentation2
A vihara is a Buddhist monastery. Originally, it was a temporary dwelling for wandering monks during the rainy season. Over time, wealthy donors constructed more permanent and lavish monasteries. A standard plan emerged with cells arranged around a central courtyard. Some key viharas, like Nalanda, became major centers of Buddhist learning. The state of Bihar in India derives its name from vihara, as the region was home to many monasteries.
Nagara Style
The document discusses the architectural features and styles of North Indian temples, specifically the Nagara style. It describes elements like the shikhara tower, amalaka disc, and urushringa subsidiary towers that characterize this style. It provides examples of specific temples demonstrating Nagara architecture, including those at Khajuraho, West Bengal, Gujarat in the Solanki style, Konark, and the Hoysala empire in Karnataka.
Stupas.
Dear All Conecrn;
The Info.Acquired Fromwww.Google.com. It Has the " Stupas : Reconclillation About : Sangha : From Magdha.
Regards All;
Mr.Deepak S.Sawant Nick Name : Mr.Ronnie.
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Buddhist Architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism:
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Stupas
The document discusses the origins, evolution, and architectural elements of stupas and viharas in ancient India. It provides details on some key early stupas like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and the Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath. It also describes the rock-cut viharas at Ajanta and Ellora that served as monasteries for Buddhist monks, as well as chaitya halls used for worship that were elaborately decorated with sculptures and paintings.
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The document discusses the origins and key features of Buddhist architecture in India. It begins with the emergence of Buddhist architecture in India in the 3rd century BCE, with structures like monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and prayer halls (chaityas). Some of the most prominent examples include the Great Stupa at Sanchi, with its elaborate gateways, and the cave complexes at Ajanta and Ellora. The major features of Buddhist architecture discussed include stupas, pillars (stambhas), cave prayer halls (chaityas), and monasteries (viharas).
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Buddhist architecture began around 400 CE in India and was well established by the time of the Mauryan period. One of the earliest and most famous examples is the Sanchi Stupa, built in the 3rd century BCE by King Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty. Stupas held great importance in Buddhist architecture as structures used for meditation, usually taking the form of a hemispherical mound surrounded by a fence and circumambulatory path. They originated from burial mounds and some of the most notable include those built to house Buddha's relics at sites connected to his life.
Art history of india and south east asia
The document summarizes South and Southeast Asian art before 1200 CE. It was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism, which often coexisted. Sculpture and architecture in the form of temples and stupas were the predominant art forms used to decorate religious sites with sensuous deities. Buddhist art focused on images of the Buddha and concepts like the Wheel of the Law and the Four Noble Truths. Hindu art featured representations of important deities like Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi, sometimes shown with human-animal hybrid features. Major sites mentioned include Sanchi, Ajanta, Borobudur, Angkor Wat, and the Bayon.
Hindu Temple Architecture | History of Architecture
The Gupta and Early Chalukyan periods saw developments in Hindu temple architecture in India. Under the Guptas, temples transitioned from rock-cut cave structures to free-standing structures, with early styles consisting of a sanctuary and porch. The Chalukyas established their rule in the 6th century and made Aihole, Badami, and Pattadakal centers of architectural experimentation, combining North and South Indian elements into their distinctive Vesara style with features like ornate doorframes and octagonal towers. Rock-cut structures from this period can still be seen at sites like Ajanta, Ellora, Junagarh, and the cave temples of Badami.
HISTORY: Myanmar (Burma) Architecture 1.0
History of Architecture 3
Report by: Miranda
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
3rd Term S.Y. 2015-16
June 2016
History of human settlement
History of human settlement
indus valley civilization
stupa
chaitayas
viharas
Buddhism in india and china
Buddhism In Japan
Here are some key similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism:
- Origins in India - Both religions originated in India, with Hinduism developing earlier and Buddhism emerging from Hindu traditions.
- Concept of dharma - Both share the concept of dharma, referring to religious or moral law governing right conduct and order in the universe.
- Reincarnation and samsara - Both believe in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth, and that one's actions determine the nature of future rebirths (karma).
- Goal of liberation - The ultimate spiritual goal in both is to escape samsara and attain liberation (moksha in Hinduism, nirvana in Buddhism) from
SANCHI STUPA
The document summarizes the history and architecture of the Sanchi Stupa located in Madhya Pradesh, India. It describes the Sanchi Stupa as one of the oldest Buddhist monuments in India, originally built in the 3rd century BCE and later enlarged during the Sunga period in the 1st century BCE. The document outlines the key architectural features of the Sanchi Stupa, including its circular plan and structure, symbolic meaning of its different sections, and sculpted gateways depicting Buddhist stories and symbols.
Jain Architecture.pptx
The document provides an overview of Jain architecture, beginning with an introduction to Jainism and its key figures like Mahavira. It then discusses characteristics of Jain architecture like the emphasis on non-violence seen in structures built on hilltops. Examples of early rock-cut structures at Badami and later ornate marble temples at Dilwara are described in detail, highlighting features like multiple domes and intricately carved columns. The panchayatana temple layout and ornate carvings of the Adinath temple at Ranakpur are also summarized.
WORLD HERITAGE SITE MAHABODHI TEMPLE.pptx
The Mahabodhi Temple Complex, located in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, is one of the most revered Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the world. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical, religious, and cultural significance. This comprehensive description will delve into the rich history, architectural splendor, religious importance, cultural influence, and contemporary relevance of the Mahabodhi Temple.The history of the Mahabodhi Temple Complex is deeply intertwined with the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha.
Facts on chidambaram temple
1. The Chidambaram Temple in Tamil Nadu, India is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva Nataraja and Lord Govindaraja Perumal.
2. The primary deity is Lord Shiva as Nataraja, the cosmic dancer. The temple complex covers 18 hectares and contains five concentric courtyards surrounded by high granite walls with four gopurams.
3. The innermost sanctum is the Cit Sabha, a unique wooden structure under a gilded roof that houses the deity of Lord Nataraja. Other significant structures include the Kanaka Sabha, Nritta Sabha, Raja Sabha, and shrines to other gods.
Art Of India Before 1200
The document provides information on art and architecture in India before 1200 CE, including:
1) Mohenjo-Daro, an ancient Indus Valley city constructed in a grid-like plan with fired brick houses and a large plumbing system.
2) Seal impressions from the Indus Valley Civilization depicting figures like a meditating yogi, suggesting continuities with later South Asian cultures.
3) A terra-cotta figurine from the Indus Valley Civilization that may represent a priest-king, showing both Mesopotamian and distinct Indian influences.
Similar to [Architecture ebook] buddhist architecture (20)
Spiritual Splendor_ Exploring the Symbolism and Marvels of Hindu Temple Archi...
Spiritual Splendor_ Exploring the Symbolism and Marvels of Hindu Temple Archi...
Buddhist monuments_ sanchi, amaravathi & monolithic pillars.
Buddhist monuments_ sanchi, amaravathi & monolithic pillars.
Hindu Temple Architecture | History of Architecture
Hindu Temple Architecture | History of Architecture
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
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办理马里兰大学毕业证(UMD毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
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一比一原版(Vancouver毕业证书)温哥华岛大学毕业证如何办理
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微6496090
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微6496090】
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◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(Vancouver毕业证书)温哥华岛大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(Vancouver毕业证书)温哥华岛大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(Vancouver毕业证书)温哥华岛大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(Vancouver毕业证书)温哥华岛大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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原版制作(MDIS毕业证书)新加坡管理发展学院毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(MDIS毕业证书)新加坡管理发展学院毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090 】【(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：6496090 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微6496090
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(LSBU毕业证书)伦敦南岸大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理阿肯色大学毕业证(UCSF毕业证书)【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdf
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
一比一原版肯特大学毕业证UKC成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证成绩单】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理肯特大学毕业证UKC学位证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版马来西亚世纪大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【马来西亚世纪大学毕业证学位证成绩单】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理马来西亚世纪大学毕业证学位证【微信：6496090 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理马来西亚世纪大学毕业证学位证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理马来西亚世纪大学毕业证学位证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理马来西亚世纪大学毕业证学位证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
Manual ISH (International Society of Hypertension)
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[Architecture ebook] buddhist architecture
- 1. Rron Lleshi and Simon Cai
- 2. Buddhist architecture can take many different forms. Most of the designs on different works incorporate many ideas of the religion. There are three types of structures associated with religious architecture of early Buddhism: viharas (monastaires), stupas, and temples.
- 3. Viharas are monastaries that were originally for being secluded and taking shelter. It is a center of gathering for monks. Early viharas were simple shelters for monks to sleep and eat in. These were made of wood or stone. Later more permanent facilities were made and became important gathering places 3rd century bc early rock caves 5th c. to 12th c. buddhist viharas
- 4. Stupas were originally burial mounds for famous monks. These grounds were considered holy. Earlier Stupas consisted of a mound made of rock shaped like a semi sphere. Later Stupas looked more like towers. The shape that it takes represents different philosophies. 3rd c. bc emperor Ashoka original stupa 1st c. bc Stupas in hall of chaitya griha
- 5. Temples contain several buildings. The main building in the center is usually the pagoda. The pagoda has several layers. The number of layers is always an odd amount. This represents yang while even numbers represent yin. 3rd c. bc earliest To today
- 6. http://www.buddhanet.net/gallery.htm http://english.ccnt.com.cn/? catog=architecture&file=030300&ads=service_001 http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/architecture/ styles/buddhist.htm http://www.haddonfield.k12.nj.us/hmhs/academics/e nglish/sound_of_waves/10buddhist.htm
- 7. http://www.buddhanet.net/gallery.htm http://english.ccnt.com.cn/? catog=architecture&file=030300&ads=service_001 http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/architecture/ styles/buddhist.htm http://www.haddonfield.k12.nj.us/hmhs/academics/e nglish/sound_of_waves/10buddhist.htm