The document presents an architectural reference model (ARM) for the Internet of Things (IoT), developed under the European FP7 research project IoT-A, emphasizing the importance of interoperability across different platforms and application fields. It outlines the rationale, benefits, and methodology for creating a common ground for IoT system developers, facilitating the generation of interoperable architectures. Additionally, it discusses various application fields and concludes with insights on the economic benefits and best practices for implementing IoT systems compliant with the ARM.

1. Architectural Reference Model
for the
Internet of Things
Presented by:
Suvendu Kumar Dash (VtP 1492)
M.Tech in ECE (VLSI & ESD)
Vel Tech University (C-DAC, Pune), India
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2. Overview
• Introduction
• Introduction to the ARM – Vision
• The ARM Rationale
• Benefits of using the ARM
• Process and Architecture Methodology
• Overall process
• Fields of Application
• Conclusions
• Reference
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3. Introduction
• This Introduction to the Architectural Reference Model (ARM) for the Internet of
Things which is currently developed by the project partners of the European FP7
Research Project IoT-A.
• "Internet of Things" (IoT) is used as a catchphrase by many sources.
• Moreover, as the IoT umbrella covers totally different application fields,
development cycles and technologies used vary enormously, thus implementing
vertical solutions that can be labelled as "INTRAnet of Things", rather than
"INTERnet of Things".
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4. Cont…
• In vision of the Internet of Things, the interoperability of solutions at the
communication level, as well as at the service level, has to be ensured across
various platforms.
• The IoT-A project was to base its work on the current state of the art, rather than
using a clean-slate approach. Due to this choice, common traits are derived to
form the base line of the Architectural Reference Model (ARM).
• This work was conducted according to established architecture methodology.
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5. Introduction to the ARM – Vision
• In the vision of the Internet of Things IoT-A wants to promote, a high level of
interoperability needs to be reached at the communication level as well as at the
service and the information level, going across different platforms, but established
on a common grounding.
• First of all in establishing a common understanding of the IoT domain and second
in providing to IoT system developers a common foundation for building
interoperable IoT system architectures.
• A Reference Architecture (RA) can be visualised as the “Matrix” that eventually
gives birth ideally to all concrete architectures.
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6. Introduction to the ARM – Vision
• For establishing such Matrix we need to envisage the superset of all possible
functionalities, mechanisms and protocols that can be used for building such
concrete architecture and to show how interconnections could take place between
selected ones.
• The main aim of IoT-A can be explained using the pictorial representation shown
in next slide.
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7. The IOT-A Tree
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8. The ARM Rationale
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IoT-A architectural reference model building blocks

9. Benefits of using the ARM
• Using the IoT-AARM can provide many benefits. List here the most important
ones.
• Cognitive aid
• IOT‐A Reference Model as a common ground
• Generation of architectures
• Identifying differences
• Benchmarking
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10. Process and Architecture Methodology
• This Section provides a meta-perspective of IoT-A process, viz. a look at how the
IoT ARM model was derived.
• It also explains the basic process how concrete systems can be developed by
using the ARM First.
• This understanding is commonly provided in the form of a reference model.
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Relationship between a reference architecture, architectures, and actual systems

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High-level representation of the IoT-Reference-Model and IoT Reference-
Architecture dependencies and model influences

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Dynamic view of the IoT-AARM process
Overall process

14. Fields of Application
• Transportation/ Logistics
• Smart home
• Smart city
• Smart factory
• Retail
• e‐Health
• Environment
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15. Conclusions & Outlook
• Substantial economic benefits can emerge from the modular and component-based
approach to building IoT systems that are compliant with the IoT-A Reference
Architecture.
• Providing much more than just the Reference Architecture itself and an economic
validation.
• It will provide best practices for the various modules that the ARM comprises and
will discuss design choices that academics and practitioners alike will be faced
with when implementing concrete systems based on IoT-A.
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16. Reference
• Architectural Reference Model for the IoT - (ARM) Introduction Booklet, http://www.iot-
a.eu/public/public-documents/copy_of_d1.2/at_download/file
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