This document discusses the concepts of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), highlighting the limitations of conventional network architectures, such as complexity and management overhead. It explains how SDN separates the control and data planes for better manageability and introduces OpenFlow as a key communication protocol. NFV is described as a technology that allows virtualization of network functions, making them independent of the underlying hardware, thus improving efficiency and reducing costs.

1. By: Sagar Rai P
IMSc Computer Science
St Philomena PG Centre
SDN and NFV for IOT

2. Contents
 About the network.
 Limitations of conventional network architectre.
 Software Defined Networking.
 Open flow.
 Network Function Virtualization.
 Summary.

3. What is a network?
 Computer network or data network is
telecommunication network which allow nodes to
share resources.
 In computer networks networked computing
devices exchange data with each other using
data link.
 The connections between nodes are established
using either cable media or the wireless media.
 The best known computer network in Internet.

4. The limitations of the conventional network
architecture.
 Complex Network Devices: The conventional
networks are getting increasingly complex with
more and ore protocols being implemented to
improve link speeds and reliability.
 Management Overhead: Conventional networks
involve significant management overhead.
Network managers find it increasingly difficult to
manage multiple network devices and interfaces
from multiple vendors.
 Limited Scalability: The virtualization
technologies used in cloud computing
environments has increased the number of virtual
hosts requiring network access.

5. What is Software Defined
Networking?
 Software Defined Networking is a networking
architecture that separates the control plane from
the data plane and centralizes the network
controller. Network
application
Network
application
Network Operating System
Specialized Packet Forwarding
hardware
Network
application
Network
application
Network
application
Network
application
Network
application
Network
application
Network Operating System
Network Operating System
Network Operating System
Specialized Packet Forwarding
hardware
Specialized Packet Forwarding
hardware
Specialized Packet Forwarding
hardware
Conventional
Network
Architecture

6. Key element of the SDN
 Centralized Network Controller: With decoupled
control and dataplanes and centralized network
controller, the network administrators can rapidly
configure the network.
 Programmable Open APIs: SDN architecture
supports programmable open API for interface
between the SDN application and control
layers(Northbound interface).
 Standard Communication
Interface(OpenFlow): SDN architecture uses a
standard communication interface between the
control and infrastructure layers(Southbound
interface).

7. Software Defined
Networking(SDN)
Network
Application
Network
Application
Network
Application
Network
Application
Network Operating System
Application
Layer
Control Layer
Simple Packet
Forwarding
Hardware
Simple Packet
Forwarding
Hardware
Simple Packet
Forwarding
Hardware
Simple Packet
Forwarding
Hardware

8. Open flow
 Which is defined by Open Networking Foundation(ONF) is
broadly accepted by SDN protocol for the southbound
interface.
 Eith Open Flow, the forwarding plane of the network
devices can be directly accessed and manipulated.
 Open flow uses the concept of flows to identify network
traffic based on predefined match rules.
 Flows can be programmed statically or dynamically by
SDN control software.
 Openflow protocol is implemented on both sides of the
interface between the controller and the network devices.
 The controller manages the switch via the openflow switch
protocol.
 The controller can add, update and delete flow entries in
the flow table.
 Each flow entries contains the match fields, counters and
set of instructions to apply matching packets.

9. OpenFlow Switch
SDN Controller
OpenFlo
w Control
Group Table
Flow
Table
Flow
Table
Pipelin
e
OpenFlow
Switch
OpenFlow
Protocol

10. Network Function Virtualization:
 NFV is a technology that leverages virtualization
to consolidate the heterogeneous network
devices onto industry standard hish volume
servers, switches and storage.
 NFV is complementory to SDN as NFV can
provide the infrastucture on which SDN can run.
 NFV and SDN are mutually beneficial to
eachother but not dependent.
 Network functions can be virtualized without SDN,
similarly, SDN can run without NFV.

11. NFV Architecture:-
Virtual Network
Function

12. Key element of NFV:-
 Virtualized Network Function (VNF): VNF is a
software implementation of a network function
which is capable of running over the NFV
Infrastucture (NFVI).
 NFV Infrastructure (NFVI): NFVI includes
compute, network and storage resources that are
virtualized.
 NFV Management and Orchestration: NFV
Management and Orchestration focuses on all
virtualization-specific management tasks and
covers the orchestration and life cycle
management of physical and/or software
resources that supports the infrastructure
virtualization, and life cycle management of

13. Something about NFV….
 NFV comprises of network functions implemented
in software that run virtualized resources in the
cloud.
 NFV enables separation of network functions
which are implemented in software from
underlying hardware.
 Thus network functions can be easily tested and
upgraded by installing new software while the
hardware remains the same.
 Vitalizing network functions reduces the
equipment costs and also reduces power
consumption