The document discusses Archimedes' principle and its applications, including how it was discovered, what the principle states, and how it relates to concepts like buoyancy, relative density, and the operation of submarines. It also provides examples of using relative density to check the purity of substances by comparing their measured density to the theoretical density.

1. NAME- VEDANT KOTADIYA
ROLL NO.-5893 CLASS-X-B

2.  Discovery of Archimedes’ principle
 What is Archimedes’ principle
 Principle of submarine
 Indian submarines
 Principle of flotation
 Relative density
 Checking purity
of the substance

3. Discovery of Archimedes’ principle
 Archimedes reportedly exclaimed "Eureka" after he
realized how to detect whether a crown is made of
impure gold. While he did not use Archimedes'
principle in the widespread tale and only used
displaced water for measuring the volume of the
crown, there is an alternative approach using the
principle: Balance the crown and pure gold on a scale
in the air and then put the scale into water.
According to Archimedes' principle, if the density
of the crown differs from the density of pure
gold, the scale will get out of balance under
water.
 And that’s how he discovered a new law.

4. Discovery of Archimedes’ principle
Discovery during
bathing

5. What is Archimedes’ Principle ?
 Archimedes' principle states that the
upward buoyant force that is exerted on a
body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or
partially submerged, is equal to the weight of
the fluid that the body displaces.
 Archimedes' principle is a law of
physics fundamental to fluid mechanics. It
was formulated by Archimedes of Syracuse.

6. What is Archimedes’ Principle ?
Archimedes’ principle

7. What is Archimedes’ Principle ?
 Archimedes' principle allows the buoyancy of any
floating object partially or fully immersed in a fluid to be
calculated. The downward force on the object is simply its
weight. The upward, or buoyant, force on the object is that
stated by Archimedes' principle, above. Thus, the net force
on the object is the difference between the magnitudes of
the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is
positive, the object rises; if negative, the object
sinks; and if zero, the object is neutrally
buoyant—that is, it remains in place without
either rising or sinking. In simple words,
Archimedes' principle states that, when a body is partially
or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an
apparent loss in weight that is equal to the weight of the
fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body(s).

8. Principle of submarine
 A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation
below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible,
which has only limited underwater capability.
 The submarine operates using the Archimedes' principle by
manipulating the buoyancy.
 The term submarine most commonly refers to large crewed
autonomous vessels; however, historically or more casually,
submarine can also refer to medium sized or smaller vessels
(midget submarines, wet subs), Remotely Operated Vehicles or
robots.
 The submarine operates using the Archimedes' principle by
manipulating the buoyancy.
 The buoyancy is controlled by the ballast tank system. A
submarine resting on the surface has positive buoyancy,
which means it is less dense than the water around it and will
float. At this time, the ballast tanks are mainly full of air. To
submerge, the submarine must have negative buoyancy.
 The submarine can obtain neutral buoyancy. That means the
weight of the submarine equals the amount of water it displaces.
The submarine will neither rise nor sink in this state.

9. Principle of submarine
Principle of submarine

10. Indian submarines
Chakra(akula ii)class

11. Indian submarines
Arihant class

12. Indian submarines
Shishumar class

13. Indian submarines
Kalvari class

14. Indian submarines
Sindhughosh class

15. Principle of flotation
 Archimedes' principle shows the
buoyant force and displacement of fluid.
However, the concept of Archimedes'
principle can be applied when
considering why objects float.
Proposition 5 of Archimedes' treatise On
Floating Bodies states that
Any floating object displaces its own
weight of fluid.

16. Principle of flotation
Principle of floatation

17. Principle of flotation
 In other words, for an object floating on
a liquid surface (like a boat) or floating
submerged in a fluid (like
a submarine in water or dirigible in air)
the weight of the displaced liquid equals
the weight of the object. Thus, only in
the special case of floating does the
buoyant force acting on an object equal
the objects weight.

18. Principle of flotation
 When any boat displaces a weight of water
equal to its own weight, it floats. This is often
called the "principle of flotation": A floating
object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its
own weight. Every ship, submarine, and
dirigible must be designed to displace a weight
of fluid at least equal to its own weight.
 So this is how submarine, dirigible and other
thing works on the principle of flotation.
 if fluid displace is more than the mass of the
object then it will rise, and less then it will
sink.

19. Relative density
 Relative density, or specific gravity, is
the ratio of the density (mass of a unit
volume) of a substance to the density of a
given reference material.
 Specific gravity for liquids is nearly always
measured with respect to water at its
densest (at 4 °C or 39.2 °F); for gases, the
reference is air at room temperature (20 °C
or 68 °F). The term "relative density" is
often preferred in scientific usage.

20. Relative density
Difference between density

21. Relative density
 If a substance's relative density is less than one
then it is less dense than the reference; if
greater than 1 then it is denser than the
reference. If the relative density is exactly 1
then the densities are equal; that is, equal
volumes of the two substances have the same
mass.
 If the reference material is water, then a
substance with a relative density (or specific
gravity) less than 1 will float in water. For
example, an ice cube, with a relative density of
about 0.91, will float. A substance with a
relative density greater than 1 will sink.

22. Relative density
 Relative density can also help to
quantify the buoyancy of a substance in
a fluid or gas, or determine the density
of an unknown substance from the
known density of another.
 Hydrostatic weighing, Hydrometer,
Pycnometer, Digital density meter are
some of the examples work on relative
density.

23. Relative density @water
Relative density with
reference to water

24. How to find purity of the substance ?
(with relative density)
 Under a particular temperature and
pressure conditions, the value of relative
density has a fixed value. So, if relative
density is calculated for a substance, it can
be compared with its theoretical value to
determine its purity.
 Relative density of substance is same at the
same reference for both if value is same
then the substance is pure and if ups and
down arise in the value then it is not the
substance of which we are matching.

25. How to find purity of the substance ?
(with relative density)
Example to show Archimedes’principle

26. Sources and Reports
 Archimedes’ principle (wikipedia)
link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes'_pr
inciple
 Relative density(wikipedia)
link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_densit
y
 Brainly.in(website)
link: https://brainly.in/question/387434
 List of submarines of the Indian Navy
Link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_subma
rines_of_the_Indian_Navy