Presented by Ben Lukuyu (ILRI), Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and Victor Afari-sefa at the Africa RISING ESA Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 9-11 September 2014

1. LIVESTOCK FEED and VEGETABLE
IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES
Ben Lukuyu (ILRI); Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba
and Victor Afari-sefa
Africa RISING ESA Review and Planning Meeting,
Arusha, Tanzania, 9-11 September 2014

2. …from the Livestock angle!
 Exploiting the use of FORAGES as a LAND
MANAGEMENT strategy (addressed elsewhere)
 Exploiting potential of FORAGES as animal FEED
 Enhancing use of CROP RESIDUES (cereals, legumes
and vegetable waste) as animal FEED
 Cattle
 Indigenous poultry

3. Why livestock feed and vegetable
improvement?
 To enhance productivity of livestock and vegetables in
crop livestock systems
 To optimize utilization of scarce resource (land, feed,
vegetables interactions)
 Land management
 Vegetable production and utilisation
 Feed quantity
 Feed quality

4. Technology development….forages,
vegetables and crop residues
Fodder Trees (Leucaena
leucocephala) established on demo
plots in Babati
Crop residues on farm in Babati

5. Improved forages…
 Forages varieties screened on station; moved on farm
along with bulking and introduced on a few selected
farms in Babati.

6. Performance of new technologies

7. Farmers benefiting from technology
 Out of 96 villages (30-40,000
farmers) – targeting 5 villages
with 1,500 farmers
 So far focusing on 3 villages
with 1,000 farmers
 Next rain season’s target:
 Planting materials will be
distributed to 245 farms in 3
villages
 Establish 6 demo and bulking
plots in three (3) new villages –
Matufa, Shauri Moyo and Hallu
Farmers attending one of our
activities in Babati

8. Emerging issues….
 Due to a diversity of AEZ conditions and niches there is
need for
 More forage options and different
treatments(monocrop, intercrop, different input levels
etc.)
 Model potential impacts of improved forages on farms
and landscapes
 Monitor environmental impacts (incl. soil, water, GHGe)
 Participatory evaluation, i.e. feeding results of above
analysis in the participatory processes

9. Integrating vegetables ……
Vegetables as nutritious food and feed for livestock

10. What has been done so far?
 Baseline socioeconomic survey:
 300 households from 10 villages in the 3 districts (Babati, Kiteto and Kongwa)
 Pest and disease survey of 20 farms per district, including a questionnaire on pesticide
application regimes conducted (July-Aug., 2013)
 Community sensitization on nutritional importance of vegetables (Sept.-Oct.,
2013)
 Training (Theory and practical learning): 71 farmers were trained on good
vegetable production practices with complementary start-up seed kits (Sept.-
Oct., 2013)
 Follow up visit to observe farmer adoption of preferred varieties & performance
of seeds and trickle down. Adoption increased from 71 farmers to 140 farmers
(Dec., 2013)
 Farmers selected 3 preferred varieties for integration: tomato (Tengeru 2010),
amaranth (Madiira II) and African eggplant (Tengeru white) (Dec., 2013)
 Site selection and setting of layout of experimental demos (Feb., 2014)

11. Yield estimates for Tomato in Matufa
Treatment description Demo plot
area
cultivated
ha)
Harvested yield
(kg)
% yield increase
over base
(farmer seeds &
practice)
Elite variety (Tengeru 2010) +
Healthy seedling treatment +
ICPM
0.0012 510 1,360
Elite variety (Tengeru 2010) +
Healthy seedling treatment +
Farmer practice
0.0012 270 771
Elite variety + Farmer
managed seedlings + Farmer
practice
0.0012 37.5 0

12. Further work…
 Detailed data collection on yield estimates - 12 demo plots and
replicated farmer plots
 Profitability analysis of demo trials
 Validate identified pest and disease findings
 Develop ICPM recommendations for farmers
 Training in postharvest handling and vegetable utilization for improving
shelf-life and enhanced produce utilization for improved nutrition and
potential for vegetables as poultry feed
 On-farm evaluation of preferred elite vegetable varieties for optimal
agronomic adaptability into maize-based systems.
 Cost-benefits analyses on best-bet vegetable integrated systems &
promotion

13. Crop residue utilization
 Characterized
different potential
feed resources
available in the study
sites
 Quality determination
is underway
PRA in Hallu village

14. Key findings
• There exist plenty of
cereal and legume by
products on farms
• There is plenty of un
utilized vegetable waste
• Poorly processed crop
residues (a lack of
technology)
• Poorly stored resources

15. Pending issues….
 Adapt and refine proven feed processing technology
 Produce and test with farmers locally and make
improvements
 Formulation of feed rations based on locally available
resources
 Cattle
 Indigenous chickens
 Test rations with farmers
 Upscale the rations

16. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net