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Application
of Geographical concepts and
Spatial Technology to the
“Internet of Things”
Akash A. Borse
M.Tech (ACDS)
PRN: 170847980005
12/05/2018
Introduction
Smart City:
“A city that makes use of information and communications technologies to
improve the quality of life of its citizens in a sustainable way. A smart city
combines and shares disparate data sets captured by intelligently-
connected infrastructure, people and things, to generate new insights and
provide ubiquitous services that enable
citizens to access information about city services, move around easily,
improve the efficiency of city operations and enhance security, fuel
economic activity and increase resilience to natural disasters”.
Internet of Things
• IoT involves extending internet connectivity beyond
standard devices, such as desktops, laptops, smart
phones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb
or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday
objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can
communicate and interact over the internet, and they
can be remotely monitored and controlled.
(Source: Libelium, 2013.)
Spatial Thinking…
• Many problems have a spatial dimension, and to solve them, spatial
algorithms and technology can be applied.
• Geography (location) can be considered an important binding principle in
the IoT.
• Spatial thinking is object-oriented thinking. Every object in the real world
has properties, including spatial properties, such as position, dimension,
and orientation at a certain moment in time.
IoT Reference Model
(Source: Serbanati et al., 2011.)
Spatial Properties of object
• Location
– (“where”)
• Shape
– (“what form”)
• Size
– (“how big”)
• Orientation
– (“facing in which direction”).
Positioning Methods
(Source: Erik van der Zee, 2013. Based on Zeimpekiset al., 2006.)
(Source: Erik van der Zee, 2013.)
Spatial Models
• On the basis of historical and current data, a
spatial model can predict future situations.
• Model output (predictions) can be used to
initiate precautionary actions on things.
(Source: Google)
Examples above shows spatial model output.
(a) Traffic jams
(b) Smoke plume
(c) Air quality
(d) Weather
(e) Flood
(f) Wildfire
Case Studies / Examples
• Smart recycling bins
• Smart cars (eCall)
• Location based dating
• Location based marketing
• National Data Warehouse for Traffic
Information
Smart recycling bins
Source: Smartbin (2013)
Smart cars (eCall)
Source: European Commission digital agenda (2013)
References
• Erik van der Zee and Henk Scholten, Application of geographical concepts
andspatial technology to the Internet of Things [Research Memorandum 2013-33]
• Michael K., McNamee A. and Michael M.G. The Emerging Ethics of Humancentric
GPS Tracking and Monitoring [Conference].- Copenhagen : IEEE Xplore, 2006. -
ISBN 978-0-7695-2595-2, doi 10.1109/ICMB.2006.43
• Mollenkopf A. Using ArcGIS GeoEvent Processor for Server to Power real-time
applications [Conference]. – Esri International Developer Summit : Esri Inc., 2013.
• Wikipedia Object [Online] // Wikipedia. - 2013b. - August 1, 2013. -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)
Application of Geographical concepts and Spatial Technology to the “Internet of Things”

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Application of Geographical concepts and Spatial Technology to the “Internet of Things”

  • 1. Application of Geographical concepts and Spatial Technology to the “Internet of Things” Akash A. Borse M.Tech (ACDS) PRN: 170847980005 12/05/2018
  • 2. Introduction Smart City: “A city that makes use of information and communications technologies to improve the quality of life of its citizens in a sustainable way. A smart city combines and shares disparate data sets captured by intelligently- connected infrastructure, people and things, to generate new insights and provide ubiquitous services that enable citizens to access information about city services, move around easily, improve the efficiency of city operations and enhance security, fuel economic activity and increase resilience to natural disasters”.
  • 3. Internet of Things • IoT involves extending internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such as desktops, laptops, smart phones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact over the internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.
  • 5. Spatial Thinking… • Many problems have a spatial dimension, and to solve them, spatial algorithms and technology can be applied. • Geography (location) can be considered an important binding principle in the IoT. • Spatial thinking is object-oriented thinking. Every object in the real world has properties, including spatial properties, such as position, dimension, and orientation at a certain moment in time.
  • 6. IoT Reference Model (Source: Serbanati et al., 2011.)
  • 7. Spatial Properties of object • Location – (“where”) • Shape – (“what form”) • Size – (“how big”) • Orientation – (“facing in which direction”).
  • 8. Positioning Methods (Source: Erik van der Zee, 2013. Based on Zeimpekiset al., 2006.)
  • 9. (Source: Erik van der Zee, 2013.)
  • 10. Spatial Models • On the basis of historical and current data, a spatial model can predict future situations. • Model output (predictions) can be used to initiate precautionary actions on things.
  • 11. (Source: Google) Examples above shows spatial model output. (a) Traffic jams (b) Smoke plume (c) Air quality (d) Weather (e) Flood (f) Wildfire
  • 12. Case Studies / Examples • Smart recycling bins • Smart cars (eCall) • Location based dating • Location based marketing • National Data Warehouse for Traffic Information
  • 13. Smart recycling bins Source: Smartbin (2013)
  • 14. Smart cars (eCall) Source: European Commission digital agenda (2013)
  • 15. References • Erik van der Zee and Henk Scholten, Application of geographical concepts andspatial technology to the Internet of Things [Research Memorandum 2013-33] • Michael K., McNamee A. and Michael M.G. The Emerging Ethics of Humancentric GPS Tracking and Monitoring [Conference].- Copenhagen : IEEE Xplore, 2006. - ISBN 978-0-7695-2595-2, doi 10.1109/ICMB.2006.43 • Mollenkopf A. Using ArcGIS GeoEvent Processor for Server to Power real-time applications [Conference]. – Esri International Developer Summit : Esri Inc., 2013. • Wikipedia Object [Online] // Wikipedia. - 2013b. - August 1, 2013. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)