CIS4103_RP

Running Head: THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE 1
The application of cloud computing in smart cities.
Badr A. Abdalla (s970003633), Mansoor T. Taher (s980011166),
Ahmad H. Abdulla (H00010930), Farouq H. Ali (H00016090)
Higher Colleges of Technology
Dr. Faisal Kalota

Abstract
This research is about the Application of Cloud Computing in Smart Cities, in this research
we are investigation the importance of using cloud computing in smart cities. The method
that we used in this research is Qualitative and its secondary research, the outputs of the
research are creating new opportunities, new challenges to addressing global issues and
leading to the rapid development of new capabilities. Eventually, the research will help to
understand the smart cities requirement along with the importance of cloud computing.
Key Words
Cloud Computing, Smart cities, Infrastructure, Emerging technology, cloud computing’s
security implication, Business continuity, Big data, Internet of things.

Introduction
In this research, we will discuss how cloud computing can work to achieve the
ultimate objective of having a smart city, and why is this emerging technology considered as
one of the main pillars under smart cities technology. To know how those technologies linked
together, we have first to define each one of them to understand the relationship between
them. As per Peter Mell and Timothy Grance (2011, p. 2), “Cloud computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.” On the other hand, Business Dictionary (2015), define smart cities as “A
developed urban area that creates sustainable economic development and high quality of life
by excelling in multiple key areas; economy, mobility, environment, people, living, and
government. Excelling in these key areas can be done so through the strong human capital,
social capital, and/or ICT infrastructure.” So we can see clearly that a successful smart city
needs a sustainable and strong cloud computing infrastructure to operate.

The Problem/Opportunity
The Smart Cities will improve the quality of services provided for the citizens and to
achieve this you need good infrastructure and information technology. The cloud computing
implementation is a key factor to achieve this as it will create the need for more jobs in the
market. Moreover, the Smart city also will raise the happiness meter that which Dubai
government are seeking to be in top ten happier people in the world. On the other hand,
Dubai is the multicultural city with people from over the world, the variety of language and
ethnicity require services that can work for all. The public service will be easier to reach the
people. The education and health care cost can be reduced and can serve mass population
through smart learning such as online schools or university. Smart cities can reduce the
incidents such as fire or cars accidents. It can provide police and civil defense more accurate
information about the incidents happen in smart cities because of the availability and the
correlation of these data being analyzed.
The Goal of the Study
We will focus in this paper in Cloud Computing importance for Smart City and how
successful implementation of Smart cities depended on such technology to achieve a level of
maturity that provide sustainable Smart City services.
The Significance of the Study
This study will help to understand the Smart cities requirement such infrastructure and
strategic plans to implement. Also, the study will show the importance of cloud computing in
smart cities and how they are so connected. In addition, the study will help to raise the
awareness of the people who interest about Smart City culture and how to use technology to
get the benefits of it.

Research Questions
The research questions are focusing in Smart city in general and in Dubai in specific.
As well RQ will cover the Cloud Computing power and benefits. Moreover, we will explain
the challenges that Smart cities will create such as information security and privacy.
Research Question # 1 (RQ1): What is the power of Cloud Computing?
Research Question # 2 (RQ2) what is Dubai's Vision in Smart Cities?
Research Question # 3 (RQ3): What are the factors of successful implementation of Smart
Cities?
Research Question # 4 (RQ4): Security concerns in Cloud Computing

Literature Review
We divide the literature review into three sections, technical review of the technology,
challenges, and related technology. In technical review part, we will talk about Cloud
Computing and Smart Cities technically. In challenges, we will talk about Cloud Computing
and business continuity. In addition to Implementation of Smart Cities. Moreover, in section
three we believed that related technology such as Big Data and Internet of Things are hot
topics that concern Smart Cities.
Technical Review of the technology:
Cloud Computing
Emerging Technologies are ones that arise from new knowledge, or the innovative
application of existing knowledge, which lead to the rapid development of new capabilities.
Which also projected to have significant systemic and long-lasting economic, social and
political impacts. Emerging technology is the one create new opportunities and challenges to
addressing global issues and have the potential to disrupt or create entire industries (Treder,
2010).
Many Organizations nowadays are using Cloud computing as it’s an efficiency
emergence technology that support organization’s business continuity, even the individuals
are using cloud service without aware such as Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Microsoft Hotmail
services.
Cloud Computing is about how I can access my data from anywhere, anytime using a
device connected to the internet with no matter if it’s desktop, laptop, tablet or smartphone.
Cloud computing technology have many advantages, such as reduction in expenses of the
organization, availability of systems, flexible and scalable infrastructure available on
demand, Assuring Quality of service based on Service level agreement, automatics backup of
the important data and a lot of advantages. However, the disadvantages or risks are

concerning many parties who using this technology but all of them can be solve if there is a
proper strategy of the organization.( Rajaraman,2014)
Smart Cities
The trend in smart and intelligent cities around the world drove related vendors to
innovate deferent methods and solutions to be implemented in this technology, some of these
solutions are already used in deferent part of the world where there is a smart city. But to
make that innovation work effectively, there are some requirements that should be fulfilled
first. As recommended by "Alcatel-Lucent," the leading telecommunication company that
develops next-gen smart cities infrastructures globally, the smart cities infrastructure should
approach the four-stage settings: An IP Network infrastructures, converged communications,
infrastructures, and software platform solutions, and cognitive services to citizens. Those
settings are the pillars for deferent leading exist smart cities platforms such as IBM Intelligent
Operations Center, Oracle Smart City Platform, and The Thales Hypervisor Supervision
System.
The next-gen smart cities will be very intelligent, it will sense citizen's needs and will
provide them with information, commercial transactions, knowledge and physical services
based on their situation (time, location, etc.) and their different needs (mental, physical,
social, etc.). To be able to achieve that, smart cities must have sustain context-aware
framework, that framework must include five important modules: Data Collection and
Cleansing, Data Storage, Data Interpretation, Cloud-Based, and Data Dissemination. (Raj &
Raman, 2015)
Based on UN projects, more than 2.5 billion people could move to metropolises. This
movement will lead to increase the number of smart cities supporting gears such as the data-
generating sensor and internet connected devices. "Experts say cities that capitalize on all the
new urban data could become more efficient and more enjoyable places to live." (Mone,

2015) The concept of smart cities is to use urban data effectively to make citizen life
enjoyable and easy which will directly affect the general satisfaction. That can be achieved
by making the mass data available for decision makers through many data collecting
technique, like installing data-generating sensor to collect data related to many factors like
measure temperature, precipitation, humidity, air quality, and pedestrian flow. Microphones,
for instance, could detect noise pollution or trucks idling in one spot for too long. Those data
will be transmitted through a high-speed internet connection to a cloud storage that is
accessible by cities officials. (Mone, 2015)
Challenges
A view on Cloud Computing
Service availability is one of the important factors to sustain the business and keep it
continual in a case of interruption. Google as an example of cloud computing SaaS providers,
which has an excellent reputation of their service availability which make customers are
happy and confident about using their products. This demand is similar to any new services
customers need "no single point of failure." To fulfill that it becomes challenge for CC
providers to ensure availability due to many reasons. The internet providers are playing the
key role in ensuring connectivity always up, on the other hand, governments regulatory can
affect the CC providers' service availability. So nontechnical reasons may affect the
availability of cloud computing services (Armbrust, Fox, Griffith, D. Joseph, Katz,
Konwinski, Lee, Patterson, Rabkin, Stoica and Zaharia, 2010)
Cloud Computing support business continuity
Cloud Computing supports the continuity of the business, this technology doesn't
need any effort in maintaining it and manage it, it’s effectively unlimited size and accessing
the cloud-based application and service by only a device with internet connection. In
conclusion, the technology is support the availability by ensuring that services are available

24 hours on 7 days and people can access anywhere at any time without any outage and
downtime. On the other hand, when there is increase in number of users or servers to use, you
will pay upon what you need and what you used without worrying of running out of spaces.
CC can provide reliability and confidentiality of the data because they are safe without any
unauthorized access and data breaching (Salesforce.com, 2008-2015).
A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing
All Cloud Computing services are accessed remotely which make availability is the
first priority for the CC providers to offer a service level agreement for the customer as well
for the customers they need to make sure no disruption. Business continuity is not only about
the availability of data in terms of connectivity but also it ensure the availability of data in
terms of loss or disaster. Where small businesses and even large companies spend a lot of
money to provide such contingency plan to their businesses by creating business continuity
plan and build infrastructures that can fulfill the need of availability. (Subashi and Kavitha,
2011)
Related Technology
Application of big data in future large-scale intelligent smart city installations
Big data terminology is a large volume of data with variety and velocity which need
computing power that able to analyze the data. In smart cities, some studies predict that a
number of sensors in smart grids and in those smart homes and building will massively
increase the data flood in the future. Moreover, this real-streaming of data needs processing
tools such as Big Data technology to ensure it being processed inefficient way that can
benefit the smart cities as an example. (Girtelschmid, Steinbauer, Kumar, Fensel, & Kotsis,
2014)

The role of big data in building Smart cities
In term of Smart cities implementation, there are many aspects to be considered to
implement as well, one of them is cloud computing to achieve the Smart cities concept.
However, cloud will receive a lot of data and also sending a lot, in this case, Big Data
concept is met here because if the smart concept applied on the cities to link transporting with
electricity and water service and with telecommunication service, there are a lot of data to be
exchanged between the organization, that’s the reason of the critical role of big data in smart
cities implementation. (Harris, 2015)
Best practices examples of smart cities.
One of the best practice is in the USA in Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory
computer scientist is leading a collaboration called the Array of Things. They had installed
500 sensors all around Chicago and this will allow them to know the temperature, humidity,
air quality and train flow as well. Also, it will detect noise pollution or trucks idling in the
area. This smart sensor will allow a full access all the time to the internet by using the Wi-Fi
technology and all this data will be saved throw the cloud to the data center that will allow
also the user to access their information at any time. (Mone, 2015)
Literature reviews covered most cloud computing areas and related areas such as big
data and Internet of things, moreover to Smart cities best practice examples in US and Europe
in addition to the role of other emerging technology such as Big Data and Internet of thing in
Smart Cities.

Method
We will utilize the library books, articles, and journals since our research is secondary
research type without using any samples to support our research topics. We used qualitative
analyses in our research because “qualitative data are likely to be characterized by their
richness and fullness, based on your opportunity to explore a subject in as real a manner as is
possible." (Saunders, Philip Lewis Adrian Thornhil, 2012, p. 546).
The books we will choose are related to Smart Cities technology and cloud computing
technology that will improve our knowledge to support what we are explaining. Since the
books are from the college library, we are assuming that it’s relatable since almost all
teachers are encouraging us to use the college library for our research. We made sure that the
book we choose had an elaborate information about smart cities and the use of cloud
computing in it, we also verified that the chapter that we extract our information from having
extensive references that we can go and verify that the given information’s in the book are
valid.
To analyze the data, we used documentary summarization since we are using
secondary research methods. “This type of summary is useful when you undertake further
analysis if you want to refer to sources of data (that is, the document) as well as the way in
which your categorical data have been categorized into their component parts.” (Saunders,
Philip Lewis Adrian Thornhil, 2012, p. 554). In light of these benefits, we decided to use this
method to summarize our resources.
Results
This section provides the results of the study. It is divided by the different research
questions.

Research Question # 1: What is the power of Cloud Computing?
In this question covered the general idea of cloud computing. We utilized various
secondary sources to address this research questions. The source that was the most
appropriate was from Srinavsan (2011), in which he talked about types of Cloud Computing
services and. We will explain the benefits of using cloud computing in more details such as
providing central management for the services, providing ubiquity access and control. In
addition to the availability of the services 24/7 to keep the business continues without
disruptions.
Cloud computing (CC) in its simple explanation is remote locations of servers and
network equipment without the need of human intervention. It doesn't require the end users to
know what computers, software and network are functioning in the backend. Nowadays
computing is progressive elaborating and more requirement of dynamic control of IT
resources is needed. The CC provides its services in three types. First is software as a service
(SaaS), where they provide software product such as Adobe Photoshop for example, to be
used through the web and only pay monthly or annual subscription charges. The Second
service is platform as a service (PaaS), where you can have your own operating system or any
other platform model that can be managed and developed in the cloud without the need to
buy it and host locally. The last is infrastructure as a service (IaaS), which allow you to have
number of servers you need with processor power you need. This service also can be dynamic
and scalable for your growth without the need to buy new whole infrastructure or thinking
about changing exist one. (Srinivasan, 2014)
Research Question # 2: What is Dubai's Vision in Smart Cities?
In this topic, we will talk about smart cities in general and how this emerging
technology started. We will talk about Dubai smart cities vision for 2020 and how this can
shape the business in Dubai.

Dubai vision in smart cities can be understood from what H.H. Sheikh Mohammed
Bin Rashid Al Maktoum - UAE - Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai when he
said: “Smart City’s main aim is to provide better connections and increase cooperation
between the emirate and its residents. It promotes the use of government facilities using the
largest possible number of smart applications. “The mission will be to develop a fully
integrated, sustainable and happy community through collaboration, innovation, and
technology. (Dubai Silicon Oasis, 2015)
Research Question # 3: What are the factors of successful implementation of Smart
Cities?
In this research question, we will look at successful and failure implementation of
Smart Cities. We will focus in this topic about the Smart Cities successful story in terms of
using cloud computing. On the other hand Smart Cities failure in terms of bad using or not
using cloud computing to provide the services.
According to European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities
(2015), smart cities implementation strategy will face many challenges, one of the main
challenges are the efforts of replacing the existing city infrastructures and make it smart
based. The integration of the exacting isolated systems and migrating it to support the smart
cities technology is a significant challenge. Smart cities project managers will definitely face
huge challenges when it comes to identifying the time, cost, human capital and multivendor
management factors of such projects, especially when it comes to laying fiber optic network
all over the city and connect all targeted system to it. Other challenges that can affect smart
cities implementation are convincing investors to finance smart cities long-term plans. But
the biggest challenge will be the extensive usage of IoT and the supported backbone
infrastructure, that have to be highly supported and reliable for this technology cause any
glitch will cause harmful impacts that can paralyze the whole city and its connected systems.

Research Question # 4: Security concerns in Cloud Computing
In this topic talk about the information security implication in Smart Cities. How the
cloud computing can help to reduce the risks. On the other hand how cloud computing could
secure the services and privacy of Smart Cities data.
Since the computer has been invented, the top concern was how to secure it even
when it was isolated and the problem was escalated once the computers entered the
interconnected world. Cloud computing environment has a big potential to be under threat
and those threats affect many aspects of the cloud technology.
Many reports mentioned that security is the top concern for cloud users, first concern
is the unauthorized access to stored sensitive data on the cloud, the second one is user can’t
verify if the deleted data has been really deleted and moreover concern is the lack of cloud
computing standardization. The cloud computing is new technology which will evolve in
future and before evolving, users should aware about CC security and trust the cloud service
provider if they want to benefit from the advantage of the service. (Marinescu, 2013)
Steve Lipner senior director security engineering strategy at Microsoft said that cloud
computing adds security challenges, but also provides opportunities to improve security
posture. (Ashford, 20100)
Cloud computing security from Steve point of view is that there is always a trade-off between
cost and security (Ashford, 20100). On the other hand, one form of CC security benefits is the
automation in term of patching applications can help mitigate the threats and minimize the
vulnerabilities that hackers use them to get access to an authorized data or breach a network.
Moreover, CC can provide private cloud which will provide more control but less economy
of scale where with public cloud you get less control over your service but can provide better
economies of scale. (Ashford, 20100)

Discussion
DISCUSSION ON RQ1
Cloud Computing has a significant impact on the technology and changed the life in
many ways, many studies stated Cloud Computing from technical wise. However, few
studies have focused on its impact on everyday life. (Ferkoun, 2013). Cloud computing
impacts on different wises, socially the technology is impacting on how people are
communicating and interacting with each other, also the businesses get the benefits by using
data from social media platforms in combination with cloud-based information resources to
get better insights on potential services, innovations, and customer requirements. (Ferkoun,
2013).
Technically, The Cloud computing technology is impacting the resources and
requirements that need to store the data, for example, the power of the data center that host
the cloud servers, memory and storage space, backup and the availability requirement which
impact on the business continuity for any service hosted on the cloud. From the ethical wise,
Lawyer Barron K. Henley said most lawyers used Cloud service either Gmail or online
backup as it provides low cost and anywhere access. However, there are ethical risks that
impact the users and he provides some tips to follow to manage the risk successfully, most
tips about viewing the terms and privacy policy of the cloud provider and knowing about
ethical obligations. (Henley,NA). as the cloud computing is considered as a big
transformation for any organizations want to move to the cloud, it’s impact on the
company’s economic status as its effect from the financial wise, it helps to determine to
proceed most efficiently and effectively with activities such as research and development and
revenue recognition. (Beston, NA).

It also impacts on the company’s marketing and sales since its lead to establishing
new services and products. In the end, cloud computing technology is impacting everyday
life whether it is used by individual person or whole organization
.DISCUSSION ON RQ2
In March 2014, H.H. Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Vice-
President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai launched the strategy to transform Dubai to a
smart city, this announcement reflect one of the major milestone in Dubai strategy 2021.
H.H Sheikh Mohammed explained why a smart city is a need for Dubai by saying:
“Smart City’s main aim is to provide better connections and increase cooperation between the
emirate and its residents. It promotes the use of government facilities using the largest
possible number of smart applications.” (Dubai Silicon Oasis, 2015). The vision of Dubai
government is to make the smartphone a key pivot for citizens and residences to interact with
the governments and their branches in the sake of people happiness and make Dubai one of
the most enjoyable and pleasure place to live in. H.H emphasized that developing the quality
of life in Dubai is a major scope in Dubai vision toward smart city, "Our country is today
ushering in a new era for the improvement and development of quality of life through this
gigantic project which got underway through an unprecedented public-private partnership to
make a new reality for all and change the concept of city which the human being lives in so
as to live with him through his smartphone and who will be its key pivot.". (WAM, 2014).
The strategy features six key pillars and 100 initiatives on transport, communications,
infrastructure, electricity, economic services, urban planning. Under the strategy, 1000
government services will go smart in the next three years. (WAM, 2014).

This strategy will effect deferent aspect of people life in Dubai as they will observe
the retirement of the old methods that they use to live with and do their daily tasks, and have
the privilege to witness the birth of much modern and smarter way to do those tasks. This
will lead the people and market to adapt that method and transform them self’s to go
shoulder-to-shoulder with the new way, otherwise they will find themselves leftovers and go
obsolete.
DISCUSSION ON RQ3
Smart Cities focuses on building fully connected and integrated infrastructure that
ensures easy mobility for all residents and tourists and provides easy access to all economic
centers and social services. It addresses the importance of sustainability in managing against
cities future growth by ensuring the availability of clean energy sources and protecting
natural resources such as soil, water, and air, and promoting sustainable consumption. The
theme also examines the urban environment of the city highlighting the need to adopt the
highest standards of safety.
To implement a successful Smart City, there are many factors that have to be taken
under consideration. Apart from technology and infrastructures, the government leaders who
lead those initiatives have to have a future vision that drive this transformation. On our
research we found many plans and many propose that lead cities to turn to smart cities, but
Dubai Crown Prince and General Supervisor of the project of transforming Dubai into a
smart city Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum has the most transparent
and clear propose that summarize who smart cities can be successful when he said: "His
Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum does not want to just develop the
services, but he wants to change the way of life in Dubai. He did not set for us goals in
customer satisfaction, but this time the goal is the happiness of man." (WAM, 2014)

He added: "His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid wants a smart city, smart
economy, smart education and smart environment; he wants to make a different life, not for
upcoming generations, but a different life now." (WAM, 2014).
So as we can see, the focus of implementing smart cities is to make the quality of citizens
lifestyle much better, happier, and dynamic where it can sense people’s needs all over the
clock. That will also lead that all aspects of life turn smart and measurable where a
government can since if their focus and purposes of making people’s life enhanced and
whether they are happy or not. And because the scope is making people happy, the
expectations will be continually inclined, and peoples will always develop their measure of
happens and the government should be ready for those variables.
Smart City vision also should focus on the city itself as we can see in Dubai as an example
where it highlighted their aims in turning Dubai into a smart and sustainable city. According
to Dubai Plan 2021 (2015), the aims are:
A Smart, Integrated, and Connected City: The infrastructure that supports the
economic and social life of Dubai as a city matches world-class levels of efficiency and
citizen accessibility, and that allows for future growth of the city.
Sustainable with its Resources: A city that uses its resources sustainably over the
long-term and in line with international best practice levels in terms of consumption,
efficiency, and management, and in its dependence on renewable energy sources.
Environmental Elements are Clean, Healthy, and Sustainable: Dubai enjoys a clean
and healthy environment in all its elements and ensures its sustainability in the long-term, and
in line with the world’s best practices.
A Safe and Resilient Built Environment: Safety standards across the built
environment — including building and transport safety codes and emergency services and
crisis/ disaster response capabilities — that match international best practices.

Figure 1.1 The Place aims, Dubai Plan 2021
Those governments driven will not be succeed unless all government entity transform their
infrastructures and services to meet this theme, cause by this kind of transformation, the
citizens, residents, and visitors will be forced to convert and adapt the new technology and
contribute in the success of the smart city scope. Dubai has took big steps toward achieving
that by seeing many government entities that peoples interact with on daily basis, turn smart
such as Road and Transportation Authority (RTA), Dubai Police, Dubai Electricity and Water
Authority (DEWA), Dubai Municipality (DM), etc. (Shaban, 2014).
Having mentioned the high-level concept of smart cities, it’s important to mention the
technical standards to implement an infrastructure that can be considered as a smart city
foundation. According to Raj & Raman (2015) “cloud-enabled Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure are the most appropriate for next-generation
cities.” (p.29). from that we understand that cloud technology is a key base for any smart city
theme.
Raj & Raman (2015) refer to a marketing report by Alcatel-Lucent that has portrayed a four-
stage approach for setting up smart city infrastructures (p.29-31), which are the follows:
An IP network infrastructure:
This infrastructure is based on Internet Protocol (IP) network, and it should take a large part
of the development plan whereby fiber optics cables should be installed as an integral
element of each building during construction so that it can be used to control all other utilities
with the addition of active components such as switches and routers.
Converged communication:
This network infrastructure connects up core services for the city, delivering telephony,
broadband internet access, and video-on-demand (VoD) over a single network to enable
smart home, hotels, and business.

Infrastructure and platform software solutions:
Empowering every tangible thing to behave intelligently. A variety of software solutions
(environment management systems, mobility and transportation systems, smart buildings, and
smart energy grids) need to identify and introduced. Smart sensors are capable of
automatically controlling pollutions, lighting, cleaning, and waste optimizing carbon
footprint, and of reducing energy bills.
Cognitive services to citizens:
Once infrastructure and platform software are ready, then services and applications can be
created for end-users as a network from local as well as remote cloud environments.
Services and applications are introduced for information sharing, healthcare (remote medical
care and ambient assisted living), education, entertainment, culture (museum, cultural
activities), and commerce and exchange (micro-payment and micro-commerce). Also, the
community is made safe by closed circuit television integrate with the communications
system.
With these services, individuals can use Wi-Fi at cafes or portals in shopping malls or civic
buildings for information or transaction, where residents or visitors can buy movie tickets,
pay for parking, use a telemedicine facility, call an intelligent transportation system, ordering
food, pay utilities bills, book and pay for flight ticket, applying and completing governed
entities process, and much more using their smart devices such as a smartphone, all over the
day, 24x7.
DISCUSSION ON RQ4
In smart cities, the people who use the services are the customers and it is very
important to make them feel safe when they use your services and here where security comes
in first place. Information security pillars are confidentiality, integrity and availability. These

pillars are more achievable through cloud computing. As we discussed in literature review
cloud computing can provide business continuity which enable the services to be up and
running in case of any interruption to the services. In addition to confidentiality the cloud
computing is providing variety of options. In UAE any cloud computing service should go
through Telecommunication Regulation Agency standard and the cloud service should be
hosted in the country which is minimizing security risks and answer a lot of questions about
the confidentiality of the data that smart city could host in cloud computing in terms of data
ownership and locale concerns. The integrity of the data is always hard to guaranty but with
cloud computing is possible because of the centralized of the services all the configuration
items that are related to the services such as servers, database and firewall are auditable and
easy to forensics the logs that these items generate to detect any unauthorized access to the
data or attempt to any changes on them (Winkler, 2013). The security that CC can provide to
Smart City users is very important to the user’s confidence about the services SC provides.
Conclusion
During this research, we came across many resources either online or library materials
like books, which has a very intense content related to smart cities. But due to the shortage of
time we had to choose the resources that fit our research questions. I believe that we
could’ve use interview technique with smart cities experts – if we had time – which will
enhance our research outcome.
This literature is very important for the current situation where we are in transforming
phase toward a smart and intelligent city that UAE government initiate few years back, it’s
very important for us to understand and adapt the next immense shift that our country is
moving to. Our overall strength was the verity of the information that is available and the
details that were really benefited us in our research. Our literature reviews were rich of
information we even talked about other emerging technology such as Big Data and Internet of

Think and how they related to Smart Cities which was smart idea to highlight these area.
Also we were blessed that during the time that we were doing this research, the most
prestige’s technology exception was running in the city (GITEX) where we had the chance to
in touch with technology that we intended to do a research about which gave us a strong point
to build our research on. Our overall weaknesses were time. We feel that this topic needs
more time and concentration to come with a better version of this research outcome.
There was a gap in the literature whereby there is only a few resource that talks about
Dubai as a smart city and their plans of transformation. But we were managed to extract
some information’s from newspaper articles that gave us a glance about how Dubai want to
be in the near future. On other hand, we could highlight more in discussion about the impact
of cloud computing in society and economy positively to show the importance role CC plays.
For future similar research, we recommend that the searcher uses other research
methods besides the one we used – like interviews, survey, or discussion groups, to come
with a better outcomes and give this topic the right focused that it deserve.

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Appendix A
Signed Form for Academic Honesty
ACADEMIC HONESTY DECLARATION:
This assignment is entirely my own work except where I have duly acknowledged other
sources in the text and listed those sources at the end of the assignment. I have not
previously submitted this work to the HCT. I understand that I may be orally examined on
my submission.
I understand that I must not attempt to gain marks dishonestly during an assessed task as this
is considered cheating. Helping another student gain marks during an assessed task is also
considered cheating. THE PENALTY FOR CHEATING AT HCT IS SEVERE AND
INCLUDES PERMANENT DISMISSAL FROM THE COLLEGE.
I have read the above information and understand my responsibilities with regard to academic
honesty during this assignment.
SIGNED: Ahmad Hussain AL Raisi ID: H00010930
SIGNED: Farouq Hassan ID: H00016090
SIGNED: Bader A. Abdalla ID: s970003633
SIGNED: Mansoor T. Taher ID: s980011166

Appendix B
Membership Responsibility Matrix
We in this research all worked together and we distributed the work equally between
the members. Each individual contributed in phase 1 and 2 and put effort in this research so
far and this below table describe the role and responsibility every member what he did.
Member Responsibility
Ahmed Alraisi
Farouq Hassan
Involved in Cloud Computing researches in Introduction,
Opportunity, significant of study and research questions.
Discussion RQ 1 and 4. Conclusion
Bader Abulqader
Mansoor Tayeb
involved in Smart Cities researches in introduction,
Opportunity, Goals of study and research questions.
Discussion 2 and 3 conclusion.

CIS4103_RP

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