This document provides an overview of AppleTalk, including: - AppleTalk is a network operating system designed to connect Apple computers using built-in components from Macintosh operating systems. - There are two main versions: Phase 1 and Phase 2. - AppleTalk includes sockets, nodes, networks, and zones to connect devices and defines addressing using network numbers, node IDs, and socket numbers. - While easy to implement, AppleTalk is slow and not suitable for large or bandwidth-intensive networks.

1. Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mr. Santosh Pawar Gulshan Khara
Miss. Savitha G. Roll No.-16CA32
Seminar
On
AppleTalk

2. Content
 Introduction
 History
 Design
 Network Components
• Sockets
• Nodes
• Networks
• Zones
 Addressing in AppleTalk
 AppleTalk Manager
 Security
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
AppleTalk is a network operating system designed
to connect Apple computers. Its components are
built on Macintosh operating systems. There are
two main versions of AppleTalk depending on how
many years in the past the network was
implemented, Phase 1 and Phase 2.

4. History
Just prior to its release in early
1985,AppleBus was renamed AppleTalk.
The system had a number of limitations,
including a speed of only 230.4 Kbit/s ,a
maximum distance of 1000 feet from end to
end , and only 32 nodes per LAN.

5. Design
AppleTalk was designed with a transparent network interface
-that is, the interaction between Client computers and
network servers requires little interaction from the user.
Two versions of AppleTalk exist :
AppleTalk Phase 1 and AppleTalk Phase 2.

6. Network Components
AppleTalk Internetwork consists of a Hierarchy of Components

7. Sockets
An AppleTalk socket is a unique, addressable
location in an AppleTalk node. It is the logical point
at which upper-layer AppleTalk software processes
and the network layer Datagram Delivery Protocol
(DDP) interact.
Socket Clients Use Socket to Send and Receive Datagrams

8. Nodes
An AppleTalk node is a device that is
connected to an AppleTalk network.
This device might be a Macintosh
computer, a printer, an IBM PC, a router,
or some other similar device.

9. Networks
It consists of a single logical cable and
multiple attached nodes.
A single physical cable or multiple physical
cables interconnected by using bridges or
routers may be found.

10. Networks…
Non extended Networks
It is a physical network segment that is
assigned only a single network number, which
can range between 1 and 1024.
Extended Networks
Also known as a cable range. It is a physical
network segment that can be assigned multiple
network numbers.

11. Zones
An AppleTalk zone is a logical group of
nodes or networks that is defined when the
network administrator configures the
network.
The nodes or networks need not be
physically contiguous to belong to the same
AppleTalk zone.

12. Addressing in AppleTalk
Network Number :- 16 bit number.
Node Id :- 8 bit number identifies node on an AppleTalk
network.
Socket Number :- unique 8 bit number that identifies a
socket. A maximum of 254 different socket number can be
assigned in a node.
Zone Name :- A name assigned to an arbitrary subset of
node within an AppleTalk Internet.

13. AppleTalk Manager
 Our Application accesses the Services of the
AppleTalk protocol through the AppleTalk manager.
 It is a collection of Application Programming Interface
to AppleTalk protocol.

14. Security
AppleTalk, like many network protocols, makes no
provisions for network security. The design of the
AppleTalk protocol architecture requires that
security measures be implemented at higher
application levels. Cisco supports AppleTalk
distribution lists, allowing control of routing
updates on a per-interface basis. This security
feature is similar to those that Cisco provides for
other protocols.

15. Advantages
Apple automatically includes AppleTalk in the
Macintosh operating system.
Easy to implement and configure.
Setting up a small workgroup is simple and
inexpensive.

16. Disadvantages
It is not suitable for very large networks.
It is very slow compared to other LAN links at
230.4 Kbps.
It is unsuitable for bandwidth intensive
applications.

17. Conclusion
AppleTalk includes an address-resolution
method much like TCP/IP's ARP. The
AppleTalk version is called AARP. AARP
uses broadcasts to discover the hardware
address of a node.

18. Reference
 [1]. Sidhu, Gursharan; Andrews, Richard; Oppenheimer, Alan (1989).
Inside AppleTalk, Second
 Edition (PDF). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-55021-0.
 [2].https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/documentation/mac/pdf
/Networking/
 Introduction_to_AppleTalk.pdf
 [3]. Oppenheimer, Alan (January 2004). “A History of Macintosh
Networking”.
 [4]. S.H. Cooper and P.J. Teller ”Configure a large LAN for TCP/IP,
AppleTalk and IPX”,
 ‘Proceeding of 20th Conference on Local Computer
Networks’,Year:1995, pp.264-68.

19. Thank You