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APICAL THIRD PPT.pptx
- 1. Importance of Apical Third in Endodontics Arjun AR 2nd year pg
- 4. INTRODUCTION
- 7. 3000 permanent teeth minute details like extensions, ramifications, branching as well as size, shape and number of root canals in different teeth
- 8. Development of root Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. size and shape of the root of the tooth
- 11. , the epithelial diaphragm HERS
- 12. single rooted teeth, single opening double rooted teeth, two openings. three rooted teeth, three openings multi rooted
- 15. root coronal middle third of apical third of the root apical third of the root thicker than cervical third.
- 16. ACCESSORY CANAL FORMATION inefficient source of collateral circulation • Defect in the epithelial root sheath • Failure in the induction of dentinogenesis • The presence of small blood vessels more prevalent apical third produce a gap - accessory canal
- 18. ROOT LENGTHANDAPICALCLOSURE completion of the root length dates of tooth eruption apical closure
- 19. early in females maxillary posterior teeth are slightly later than mandibular teeth
- 21. Morphologically : most complex region Prognostically : important part
- 24. Morphology of the Physiological Foramen:I. Maxillary and Mandibular Molars VOL. 30, NO.5,MAY2004
- 25. CEMENTODENTINALJUNCTION ( CDJ ) It is the point in the canal where cementum meets dentin
- 26. LOCATION & DIAMETER OF CDJ
- 27. THE DIAMETER OF THE CANAL
- 30. • MEAN DISTANCE • DIAMETEROFAF
- 31. EXIT OF AF
- 32. Number of apical foramen
- 33. • Size of apical foramen
- 34. Variations in morphology of apical third of the root & its significance in endodontics
- 35. ACCESSORY CANAL
- 37. Accessory canals occur in three distinct patterns in the mandibular first molars. A, In 13% a single furcation canal extends from the pulp chamber to the intraradicular region. B, In 23% a lateral canal extends from the coronal third of a major root canal to the furcation region (80% extend from the distal root canal). C,About 10% have both lateral and furcation canals.
- 38. does not appear to be significant factor granulation tissue
- 39. percentage of failures due to unfilled lateral canals is small biological hard closure of lateral canal foramina
- 43. PULP STONES / DENTICLES
- 46. V ARIEDAMOUNTS OF IRREGULAR SECONDARY DENTIN
- 51. THIN “PINCHED” APEX BULBOUS APEX
- 55. TERMINATION POINT FOR ROOT CANAL PROCEDURES
- 56. FROM THE APEX CONDITION 1mm No bone/root resorption 1.5mm Only bone resorption 2mm Bone & root resorption
- 59. CHALLENGES FACED DUE TO APICAL THIRD ANATOMY DURING ENDODONTIC PROCEDURES
- 61. Gulabivala et al extended the types as follows
- 64. NI-TI
- 65. Controlled & directed canal preparation into the bulky portions / safety zones, away from the thinner portions of the curved canals – which risk of stripping or perforation – danger zone.
- 66. NI -TI
- 67. CHALLENGES FACED DUE TO APICAL THIRD ANATOMY IN ENDODONTIC SURGERY
- 68. Leakage through dentinal tubules originating at the beveled root surface. A, Reverse filling does not extend coronally to the height of the bevel.Arrows indicate a possible pathway for fluid penetration. B, Reverse filling extends coronally to the height of the bevel, blocking fluid penetration (arrows) into the root canal space.
- 69. FREQUENCY OF ACCESSORY CANALS & RAMIFICATION FOUND AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROOT CANALS
- 71. ISTHMUS
- 74. Schematic representation of isthmus classifications described by Kim et al. Type I is an incomplete isthmus - faint communication between two canals. Type II is characterized by two canals with a definite connection between them (complete isthmus). Type III is a very short, complete isthmus between two canals. Type IV is a complete or incomplete isthmus between three or more canals. TypeV is marked by two or three canal openings without visible connections.
- 78. Conclusion