APA (5 th  ed.) Style Guide How to Create Reference List Entries and How to Cite Them in a Paper Business Resources
Overview Purpose of a style guide standardize easier to identify the resources used provides validation to the research Somewhat arbitrary APA does not always “make sense” but …
Overview If there is a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  is the reference source. APA has a Web site that can also be useful http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html
ONLINE RESOURCES
Academic Search Premier Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title?  Volume [issue]? Pages?
ABI/Inform Global Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title?  Volume [issue]? Pages? Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title?  Volume [issue]? Pages?
Canadian Business  and Current Affairs  Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title?  Volume [issue]? Pages? The countdown continues  Kevin Libin ,   Jason Kirby ,   Andy Holloway .  Canadian Business . Toronto:  Aug 5-Aug 18, 2003 .Vol.76, Iss. 14/15;  pg. 71
Structure of a reference: Online Periodical If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. when YOU retrieved it
Structure of a reference: Online Periodical
Structure of a reference: Online Periodical
Structure of a reference: Online Periodical Leeds, R.   (2003).   Breach of trust. Harvard International Review,   25,   76- 83.   Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the Academic Search Premier database.
Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C.  C. (Year). Title of article.  Title of  periodical, xx,  yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. hanging paragraph format
Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Leonard, D., & McAdam, R.   (2003).   Corporate social responsibility.   Quality Progress,   36,   27-33.
Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Author, A. A. (year).  Title of work.  Location: Publisher. items published separately books, reports, brochures, manuals, and audiovisual media
Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Sonnenberg, F. K.   (1994).   Managing with a  conscience.   New York:   McGraw-Hill.
Structure of a reference:  Part of a Nonperiodical Special consideration initials of editors go BEFORE surname insert (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor followed by comma book title italicized with initial capital, capital after colon, and capital for proper nouns [including abbreviations] page number of chapter
Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., &  Romanelli, E.   (2002).   Convergence and  upheaval.   In H. Mintzberg & J. B. Quinn (Eds.),   Readings in the strategy process  (pp. 394-400).   Upper Saddle  River, N.J.:   Prentice Hall.
Structure of a reference: Brochure
Structure of a reference: Brochure Courtplex Fitness Centre.   (2004, Winter). Group Fitness Schedule  [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC:   Author.
Structure of a reference: Brochure
Structure of a reference: Brochure Coldwell Banker Commercial - Horizon Realty.   (n.d.).  Mill Creek Commerce  Park  [Brochure].   Kelowna, BC:   Author.
Structure of a reference: Videotape Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), &  Shepard, K. (Director).   (2001).   Who stole my cheese?  [videotape],   United States:   Doubletake Productions.
Structure of a reference: Online Document Author, A. A. (year)  Title of work.   Retrieved month, day, year from source. electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters
Structure of a reference: Online Document
Structure of a reference: Online Document MacDonald, C.   (n.d.).   Creating a code of ethics for your organization.   Retrieved January 13, 2004, from  http://www. ethicsweb.ca/codes/ Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period
Structure of a reference: Online Corporate Web Site
Structure of a reference: Online Corporate Web Site WestJet.   (n.d.).   Home page.   Retrieved February 8, 2004, from  http://c0dsp.  westjet.com/internet/sky/index.jsp
Online database :Hoover’s Company Records
Reference: Database ( Hoover’s) Caione,R. ( 2006)   General Electric Company.   Retrieved March 1, 2006, from  Hoover’s Company records. In text:  ( Caione, 2006)
CITING SOURCES IN APA
Citing a source  in the paper 1. One work by one author Author’s name given in the body of your paper: Leeds (2003) reported… Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: In a study on the comparison process (Leeds, 2003)…
Citing a source  in the paper 2. Citing a secondary source In Smith’s 1998 study ( as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003 )… Research (Smith, 1998 , as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003 ) has shown … Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).
Citing a source  in the paper 3. Direct quotations For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001,  p. 1617 ).
Citing a source  in the paper 4. Electronic sources without page numbers Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. (Myers, 2000,  ¶ 5 ) (Butler, 2000,  Conclusion, para. 1 )
Citing a source  in the paper 5. Personal communications (e.g., letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, memos, irretrievable documents) J. L. Lowther ( personal communication, June 12, 2004 ) ( J. L. Lowther, personal communication, June 12, 2004 ) Do NOT include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.
Structure of a reference and citation: Census Material Reference: Statistics Canada. (2002).  Survey of  household expenditure, 2002  (62F0026MIE). Ottawa, Ontario: Author. Citation: (Statistics Canada, 2002)
Structure of a reference and citation: Legislation Reference: Competition Act,  R.S.C. 1985 c.27 s.6 Citation: (Competition Act ),  1985
Structure of a reference and citation: Annual report Reference: WestJet Airlines. (2002).  Annual report to  shareholders,  Calgary, AB: Author. Citation: (WestJet Airlines, 2002)
Structure of a reference and citation: Online documents - Same author Health Canada.   (n.d.a).   Physical activity in  Canada.   Retrieved January 31, 2004, from  http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/ fitness/work/activity_e.html Health Canada.   (n.d.b).   Supporting material  Retrieved January 31, 2004, from  http:// www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/fitness/work/ supp_material_e.html Citation: Health Canada (n.d.a) reported that ... Citation: (Health Canada, n.d.a
Conclusions Take close look at handout  pay particular attention to the last page reference list of a paper hanging paragraph format double space entire paper, including reference list
Conclusions Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  (5 th  ed.) available in the Reference Collection of Library Individual professors may have particular preferences consult with them on how they might want the references presented
Prepared by Garth Homer, Statistics, Data, and Government Information Librarian, O.C. Jan Gattrell, Public Services Librarian, UBC-O Consultant - Jan Cioe, Psychology Dept. UBC-O Okanagan  College 2005

APA Format Examples

  • 1.
    APA (5 th ed.) Style Guide How to Create Reference List Entries and How to Cite Them in a Paper Business Resources
  • 2.
    Overview Purpose ofa style guide standardize easier to identify the resources used provides validation to the research Somewhat arbitrary APA does not always “make sense” but …
  • 3.
    Overview If thereis a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source. APA has a Web site that can also be useful http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html
  • 4.
  • 5.
    Academic Search PremierCan you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?
  • 6.
    ABI/Inform Global Canyou pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages? Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?
  • 7.
    Canadian Business and Current Affairs Can you pick out the pieces? Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages? The countdown continues Kevin Libin ,  Jason Kirby ,  Andy Holloway .  Canadian Business . Toronto: Aug 5-Aug 18, 2003 .Vol.76, Iss. 14/15;  pg. 71
  • 8.
    Structure of areference: Online Periodical If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. when YOU retrieved it
  • 9.
    Structure of areference: Online Periodical
  • 10.
    Structure of areference: Online Periodical
  • 11.
    Structure of areference: Online Periodical Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust. Harvard International Review, 25, 76- 83. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the Academic Search Premier database.
  • 12.
    Structure of areference: Periodical [paper copy] Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. hanging paragraph format
  • 13.
    Structure of areference: Periodical [paper copy] Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2003). Corporate social responsibility. Quality Progress, 36, 27-33.
  • 14.
    Structure of areference: Nonperiodical Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. items published separately books, reports, brochures, manuals, and audiovisual media
  • 15.
    Structure of areference: Nonperiodical Sonnenberg, F. K. (1994). Managing with a conscience. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • 16.
    Structure of areference: Part of a Nonperiodical Special consideration initials of editors go BEFORE surname insert (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor followed by comma book title italicized with initial capital, capital after colon, and capital for proper nouns [including abbreviations] page number of chapter
  • 17.
    Structure of areference: Part of a Nonperiodical Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., & Romanelli, E. (2002). Convergence and upheaval. In H. Mintzberg & J. B. Quinn (Eds.), Readings in the strategy process (pp. 394-400). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
  • 18.
    Structure of areference: Brochure
  • 19.
    Structure of areference: Brochure Courtplex Fitness Centre. (2004, Winter). Group Fitness Schedule [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.
  • 20.
    Structure of areference: Brochure
  • 21.
    Structure of areference: Brochure Coldwell Banker Commercial - Horizon Realty. (n.d.). Mill Creek Commerce Park [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.
  • 22.
    Structure of areference: Videotape Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & Shepard, K. (Director). (2001). Who stole my cheese? [videotape], United States: Doubletake Productions.
  • 23.
    Structure of areference: Online Document Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source. electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters
  • 24.
    Structure of areference: Online Document
  • 25.
    Structure of areference: Online Document MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved January 13, 2004, from http://www. ethicsweb.ca/codes/ Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period
  • 26.
    Structure of areference: Online Corporate Web Site
  • 27.
    Structure of areference: Online Corporate Web Site WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved February 8, 2004, from http://c0dsp. westjet.com/internet/sky/index.jsp
  • 28.
  • 29.
    Reference: Database (Hoover’s) Caione,R. ( 2006) General Electric Company. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from Hoover’s Company records. In text: ( Caione, 2006)
  • 30.
  • 31.
    Citing a source in the paper 1. One work by one author Author’s name given in the body of your paper: Leeds (2003) reported… Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: In a study on the comparison process (Leeds, 2003)…
  • 32.
    Citing a source in the paper 2. Citing a secondary source In Smith’s 1998 study ( as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003 )… Research (Smith, 1998 , as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003 ) has shown … Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).
  • 33.
    Citing a source in the paper 3. Direct quotations For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617 ).
  • 34.
    Citing a source in the paper 4. Electronic sources without page numbers Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5 ) (Butler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1 )
  • 35.
    Citing a source in the paper 5. Personal communications (e.g., letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, memos, irretrievable documents) J. L. Lowther ( personal communication, June 12, 2004 ) ( J. L. Lowther, personal communication, June 12, 2004 ) Do NOT include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.
  • 36.
    Structure of areference and citation: Census Material Reference: Statistics Canada. (2002). Survey of household expenditure, 2002 (62F0026MIE). Ottawa, Ontario: Author. Citation: (Statistics Canada, 2002)
  • 37.
    Structure of areference and citation: Legislation Reference: Competition Act, R.S.C. 1985 c.27 s.6 Citation: (Competition Act ), 1985
  • 38.
    Structure of areference and citation: Annual report Reference: WestJet Airlines. (2002). Annual report to shareholders, Calgary, AB: Author. Citation: (WestJet Airlines, 2002)
  • 39.
    Structure of areference and citation: Online documents - Same author Health Canada. (n.d.a). Physical activity in Canada. Retrieved January 31, 2004, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/ fitness/work/activity_e.html Health Canada. (n.d.b). Supporting material Retrieved January 31, 2004, from http:// www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/fitness/work/ supp_material_e.html Citation: Health Canada (n.d.a) reported that ... Citation: (Health Canada, n.d.a
  • 40.
    Conclusions Take closelook at handout pay particular attention to the last page reference list of a paper hanging paragraph format double space entire paper, including reference list
  • 41.
    Conclusions Publication Manualof the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.) available in the Reference Collection of Library Individual professors may have particular preferences consult with them on how they might want the references presented
  • 42.
    Prepared by GarthHomer, Statistics, Data, and Government Information Librarian, O.C. Jan Gattrell, Public Services Librarian, UBC-O Consultant - Jan Cioe, Psychology Dept. UBC-O Okanagan College 2005