This document discusses anxiety disorders in African Americans. It provides statistics on the prevalence and costs of various anxiety disorders like panic disorder, social phobia, PTSD, and GAD. While lifetime rates of anxiety disorders are lower in African Americans compared to whites, African Americans are more likely to be misdiagnosed or experience higher rates of certain disorders like phobias and PTSD. The document reviews diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, symptoms, course, and treatment options for various anxiety disorders and highlights some differences observed in the African American population.
Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear caused by multiple factors like genetics, brain chemistry, life stressors, and certain drugs. It is the most common mental illness in the US, affecting 19 million adults. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms of anxiety include physical sensations like trembling, muscle tension, headaches, sweating, as well as fatigue, sleep issues, and difficulty concentrating. Treatments include therapy and medication which can help manage symptoms in up to 90% of cases.
Anxiety disorder anxiety meaning anxiety attackanandyuvaraj
This document provides an overview of anxiety, including definitions, types of anxiety disorders, causes, symptoms, treatments, and statistics. It discusses what anxiety is, defines anxiety disorders, and lists some key facts about anxiety such as prevalence and costs. The main types of anxiety disorders covered are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and specific phobias. Causes, symptoms, and specific details are described for each disorder. Both allopathic and alternative treatment options are covered at a high level.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders as discussed in Chapter Fourteen of Glenn Meyer's lecture slides. It defines what constitutes a psychological disorder and describes the DSM-IV-TR manual used for diagnosis. Several specific disorders are then discussed in detail, including their symptoms, prevalence, explanations, and impact, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, OCD, major depression, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.
Anxiety, defined as dread or apprehension, is not considered pathologic, is seen across the life span, and can be adaptive (e.g. the anxiety one might feel during an automobile crash).
Anxiety becomes disabling.
Interfering with social interactions, development.
Achievement of goals or quality of life.
Can lead to slow self esteem, social withdrawal.
Academic underachievement.
The average age of onset of anxiety disorder is 11 years.
This is the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood.
Occurs in 5-18% of all children and adolescents.
Prevalence rate is comparable to physical disorders such as asthma and diabetes.
One of the most common childhood anxiety disorder.
Prevalence- 3.5-5.4%
Girls ˃ boys
Common in prepubertal children. Average age of onset 7.5 yrs.
It is developmentally normal when it begins about 10 month of age and tapers off by 18 month.
By 3 years of age, most children can accept the temporary absence of their mother or primary caregiver.
SAD is characterised by unrealistic and persistent worries about separation from home or a major attachment figure.
This document provides an overview of anxiety, including definitions, types of anxiety disorders, causes, symptoms, treatments, and statistics. It defines anxiety as a feeling of apprehension or fear from an unknown source. The main types of anxiety disorders discussed are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Causes of anxiety disorders include genetics, brain chemistry, life stressors, and personality traits. Both conventional treatments like medication and therapy as well as alternative treatments are overviewed.
PsychologicalDisorders to create lcelh local lanONLYDOWNLOAD1
Psychological disorders are defined by the APA as significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that lead to distress or disability. The DSM-5 classifies and diagnoses disorders based on symptoms. Perspectives include biological factors like genetics or brain abnormalities and psychosocial factors like learning or environment. The diathesis-stress model suggests some people are predisposed to disorders when faced with stressors. Common disorders are anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. They include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Anxiety is caused by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors and involves abnormal activity in brain regions involved in fear and emotion regulation. Treatment involves psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like antidepressants and benzodiazepines to reduce symptoms and improve functioning. Untreated anxiety can negatively impact quality of life.
9. Anxiety Disorders. important topic in psychiatryDrsiyaMedfriend
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions involving excessive anxiety. They are common, affecting around 6% of people globally. Anxiety becomes pathological when it is excessive, impairs function, or occurs in response to non-threatening situations. The main types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety has biological, psychological, and social causes, and is treated primarily with psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication.
Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear caused by multiple factors like genetics, brain chemistry, life stressors, and certain drugs. It is the most common mental illness in the US, affecting 19 million adults. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Symptoms of anxiety include physical sensations like trembling, muscle tension, headaches, sweating, as well as fatigue, sleep issues, and difficulty concentrating. Treatments include therapy and medication which can help manage symptoms in up to 90% of cases.
Anxiety disorder anxiety meaning anxiety attackanandyuvaraj
This document provides an overview of anxiety, including definitions, types of anxiety disorders, causes, symptoms, treatments, and statistics. It discusses what anxiety is, defines anxiety disorders, and lists some key facts about anxiety such as prevalence and costs. The main types of anxiety disorders covered are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and specific phobias. Causes, symptoms, and specific details are described for each disorder. Both allopathic and alternative treatment options are covered at a high level.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders as discussed in Chapter Fourteen of Glenn Meyer's lecture slides. It defines what constitutes a psychological disorder and describes the DSM-IV-TR manual used for diagnosis. Several specific disorders are then discussed in detail, including their symptoms, prevalence, explanations, and impact, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, OCD, major depression, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.
Anxiety, defined as dread or apprehension, is not considered pathologic, is seen across the life span, and can be adaptive (e.g. the anxiety one might feel during an automobile crash).
Anxiety becomes disabling.
Interfering with social interactions, development.
Achievement of goals or quality of life.
Can lead to slow self esteem, social withdrawal.
Academic underachievement.
The average age of onset of anxiety disorder is 11 years.
This is the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood.
Occurs in 5-18% of all children and adolescents.
Prevalence rate is comparable to physical disorders such as asthma and diabetes.
One of the most common childhood anxiety disorder.
Prevalence- 3.5-5.4%
Girls ˃ boys
Common in prepubertal children. Average age of onset 7.5 yrs.
It is developmentally normal when it begins about 10 month of age and tapers off by 18 month.
By 3 years of age, most children can accept the temporary absence of their mother or primary caregiver.
SAD is characterised by unrealistic and persistent worries about separation from home or a major attachment figure.
This document provides an overview of anxiety, including definitions, types of anxiety disorders, causes, symptoms, treatments, and statistics. It defines anxiety as a feeling of apprehension or fear from an unknown source. The main types of anxiety disorders discussed are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Causes of anxiety disorders include genetics, brain chemistry, life stressors, and personality traits. Both conventional treatments like medication and therapy as well as alternative treatments are overviewed.
PsychologicalDisorders to create lcelh local lanONLYDOWNLOAD1
Psychological disorders are defined by the APA as significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that lead to distress or disability. The DSM-5 classifies and diagnoses disorders based on symptoms. Perspectives include biological factors like genetics or brain abnormalities and psychosocial factors like learning or environment. The diathesis-stress model suggests some people are predisposed to disorders when faced with stressors. Common disorders are anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. They include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Anxiety is caused by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors and involves abnormal activity in brain regions involved in fear and emotion regulation. Treatment involves psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like antidepressants and benzodiazepines to reduce symptoms and improve functioning. Untreated anxiety can negatively impact quality of life.
9. Anxiety Disorders. important topic in psychiatryDrsiyaMedfriend
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions involving excessive anxiety. They are common, affecting around 6% of people globally. Anxiety becomes pathological when it is excessive, impairs function, or occurs in response to non-threatening situations. The main types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety has biological, psychological, and social causes, and is treated primarily with psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication.
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions involving excessive anxiety. They are common, affecting around 6% of people globally. There are several types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. The causes are thought to involve biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment options include psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like antidepressants. Culture-specific syndromes also exist, like Dhat syndrome seen commonly in South Asia involving anxiety over semen loss.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). It defines psychological disorders and discusses the DSM-IV-TR's role in diagnosis. It then summarizes several disorder categories and examples, prevalence of disorders, theories of anxiety, mood, eating, personality, dissociative, and schizophrenia disorders, and their potential causes.
The document discusses anxiety disorders as defined by the DSM. It lists and describes various anxiety disorders including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias. It provides information on the epidemiology, symptoms, causes, and treatments of anxiety disorders with a focus on panic disorder.
This document summarizes common childhood psychiatric disorders presented by doctors in Bangladesh. It discusses:
1. The increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children worldwide and in Bangladesh based on epidemiological studies.
2. Common disorders seen in Bangladeshi children including anxiety disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, somatic symptom disorder, and elimination disorders.
3. The causes of rising psychiatric disorders in children such as modern life stresses, technology overuse, and family changes. Treatment approaches including behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy are mentioned.
Children are at high risk of emotional disorders. These have become the most common reasons for their visits to the psychiatrist.
They include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma and stress-related disorders.
This slide explains each of these in details.
Enjoy
This document discusses depression, anxiety, and epilepsy in children and adolescents. It finds that depression and anxiety are very common psychiatric issues for those with epilepsy. Rates of depression are over 20% for those with epilepsy, compared to 3.7-6.7% in the general population. Anxiety affects up to 40% of youth with epilepsy. The document examines risk factors, screening tools, and treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications to address the high prevalence of these important mental health issues in pediatric epilepsy.
Information About Anxiety, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social
Anxiety Disorder, G.A.D, Child Anxiety , and Anxiety Natural
Remedies For Treating Disorders and Anxiety Attack Symptoms.
If you have been seriously researching for helpful information concerning anxiety natural remedies for treating anxiety disorders attacks symptoms, then we feel this e-booklet may be what you are looking for.
The document provides an overview of several topics related to psychological disorders, including:
1) It describes diagnostic categories in the DSM-IV-TR manual such as impulse-control disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.
2) It discusses the prevalence of psychological disorders and treatment-seeking behavior. Many people experience symptoms but do not seek treatment.
3) It outlines several types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. It also describes posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and mood disorders.
Mental disorders presentation by dhan lal pandeyDhan Pandey
This document provides an overview of mental illness/disorders. It discusses that mental illness involves changes in emotion, thinking and behavior. The most common mental illnesses in Nepal are schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It outlines the symptoms and types of various mental illnesses like psychosis, neurosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It also discusses risk factors, treatments, complications and ways to prevent mental illness through social support, coping skills, stress management, and early diagnosis/treatment.
women_2011b.PPT women mental health and educationjayvee73
The document discusses how mental disorders disproportionately affect women of childbearing and childrearing age. Rates of depression and anxiety are higher in women compared to men. These conditions are also influenced by hormonal changes during a woman's life such as puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum period, and menopause. Effective treatment of mental illness is complicated during these reproductive stages due to risks of medication exposure to a fetus or breastfeeding infant.
This document provides information on various anxiety disorders, including the symptoms, causes, and treatments. It discusses what constitutes normal and pathological anxiety, and defines different types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, and OCD. For each disorder it outlines the key features including onset, prevalence between genders, associated symptoms, common comorbidities, and potential treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications.
This document discusses the nature and types of anxiety disorders. It defines fear and anxiety, and describes the fight or flight response. The main types of anxiety disorders covered include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and their key symptoms. Biological, psychological, and cognitive factors that may contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders are also summarized.
This document discusses depression and anxiety, including their signs, symptoms, types, and treatments. Depression is described as a common and treatable medical illness that affects physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Anxiety involves feelings of fear, worry, and uneasiness. The document outlines different types of depression and anxiety and lists common signs and symptoms. It also discusses diagnostic evaluations and various treatment options for depression and anxiety, including medications, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies like exercise.
This document discusses anxiety and anxiety disorders. It defines anxiety and fear, and notes that both involve physiological arousal through the sympathetic nervous system. Anxiety can be adaptive in moderation by increasing preparedness, while fear triggers the fight or flight response. Anxiety disorders are associated with neurotransmitter imbalances. The document reviews the DSM-5 criteria and common symptoms of several specific anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobias. It discusses common risk factors and treatments, which include psychological therapies focusing on exposure.
This document provides an overview of various psychological disorders including:
- Definitions of psychological disorders and their prevalence. Key symptoms and possible origins are described for schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders.
- Specific disorders covered in more depth include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
- Biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the development and expression of these disorders are also discussed.
The document discusses anxiety, defining it as a feeling of apprehension or fear from an unknown source. It describes several types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The causes, symptoms, epidemiology, pathophysiology, investigations, natural history, and management of anxiety disorders are explained in detail.
Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt thinking, mood, and behavior. Common mental illnesses include depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, general anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and phobias. These conditions are caused by biological and environmental factors and can be effectively treated through medication and therapy. However, stigma surrounding mental illness prevents many people from seeking the help and treatment they need.
Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or attachment figures. It is characterized by distress when anticipating or experiencing separation, persistent worry about harm befalling attachment figures, and reluctance or refusal to go places alone. It is diagnosed when fears or avoidance last at least 4 weeks in children or typically 6 months in adults and cause impairment. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and may include medication, parenting techniques, or family therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment, though co-occurring conditions or actual threats of separation decrease likelihood of positive outcomes.
Mental health disorders commonly co-occur with gambling harm. Around 96% of those meeting criteria for pathological gambling disorder also meet criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder, with two-thirds meeting criteria for three or more disorders. The most common co-occurring disorders are substance use disorders (42%), mood disorders like depression (56%), and anxiety disorders (60%). Overall, around 74% of problem gamblers experienced the other disorder prior to developing problems with gambling. Screening for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders should be part of assessments for gambling disorder.
This document provides an overview of anxiety disorders, including their epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, subtypes, and treatment approaches. It discusses the characteristics and management of several specific anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options are described.
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions involving excessive anxiety. They are common, affecting around 6% of people globally. There are several types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. The causes are thought to involve biological, psychological, and social factors. Treatment options include psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like antidepressants. Culture-specific syndromes also exist, like Dhat syndrome seen commonly in South Asia involving anxiety over semen loss.
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). It defines psychological disorders and discusses the DSM-IV-TR's role in diagnosis. It then summarizes several disorder categories and examples, prevalence of disorders, theories of anxiety, mood, eating, personality, dissociative, and schizophrenia disorders, and their potential causes.
The document discusses anxiety disorders as defined by the DSM. It lists and describes various anxiety disorders including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias. It provides information on the epidemiology, symptoms, causes, and treatments of anxiety disorders with a focus on panic disorder.
This document summarizes common childhood psychiatric disorders presented by doctors in Bangladesh. It discusses:
1. The increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children worldwide and in Bangladesh based on epidemiological studies.
2. Common disorders seen in Bangladeshi children including anxiety disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, somatic symptom disorder, and elimination disorders.
3. The causes of rising psychiatric disorders in children such as modern life stresses, technology overuse, and family changes. Treatment approaches including behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy are mentioned.
Children are at high risk of emotional disorders. These have become the most common reasons for their visits to the psychiatrist.
They include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma and stress-related disorders.
This slide explains each of these in details.
Enjoy
This document discusses depression, anxiety, and epilepsy in children and adolescents. It finds that depression and anxiety are very common psychiatric issues for those with epilepsy. Rates of depression are over 20% for those with epilepsy, compared to 3.7-6.7% in the general population. Anxiety affects up to 40% of youth with epilepsy. The document examines risk factors, screening tools, and treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications to address the high prevalence of these important mental health issues in pediatric epilepsy.
Information About Anxiety, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social
Anxiety Disorder, G.A.D, Child Anxiety , and Anxiety Natural
Remedies For Treating Disorders and Anxiety Attack Symptoms.
If you have been seriously researching for helpful information concerning anxiety natural remedies for treating anxiety disorders attacks symptoms, then we feel this e-booklet may be what you are looking for.
The document provides an overview of several topics related to psychological disorders, including:
1) It describes diagnostic categories in the DSM-IV-TR manual such as impulse-control disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.
2) It discusses the prevalence of psychological disorders and treatment-seeking behavior. Many people experience symptoms but do not seek treatment.
3) It outlines several types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. It also describes posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and mood disorders.
Mental disorders presentation by dhan lal pandeyDhan Pandey
This document provides an overview of mental illness/disorders. It discusses that mental illness involves changes in emotion, thinking and behavior. The most common mental illnesses in Nepal are schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It outlines the symptoms and types of various mental illnesses like psychosis, neurosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. It also discusses risk factors, treatments, complications and ways to prevent mental illness through social support, coping skills, stress management, and early diagnosis/treatment.
women_2011b.PPT women mental health and educationjayvee73
The document discusses how mental disorders disproportionately affect women of childbearing and childrearing age. Rates of depression and anxiety are higher in women compared to men. These conditions are also influenced by hormonal changes during a woman's life such as puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum period, and menopause. Effective treatment of mental illness is complicated during these reproductive stages due to risks of medication exposure to a fetus or breastfeeding infant.
This document provides information on various anxiety disorders, including the symptoms, causes, and treatments. It discusses what constitutes normal and pathological anxiety, and defines different types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, and OCD. For each disorder it outlines the key features including onset, prevalence between genders, associated symptoms, common comorbidities, and potential treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications.
This document discusses the nature and types of anxiety disorders. It defines fear and anxiety, and describes the fight or flight response. The main types of anxiety disorders covered include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and their key symptoms. Biological, psychological, and cognitive factors that may contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders are also summarized.
This document discusses depression and anxiety, including their signs, symptoms, types, and treatments. Depression is described as a common and treatable medical illness that affects physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Anxiety involves feelings of fear, worry, and uneasiness. The document outlines different types of depression and anxiety and lists common signs and symptoms. It also discusses diagnostic evaluations and various treatment options for depression and anxiety, including medications, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies like exercise.
This document discusses anxiety and anxiety disorders. It defines anxiety and fear, and notes that both involve physiological arousal through the sympathetic nervous system. Anxiety can be adaptive in moderation by increasing preparedness, while fear triggers the fight or flight response. Anxiety disorders are associated with neurotransmitter imbalances. The document reviews the DSM-5 criteria and common symptoms of several specific anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobias. It discusses common risk factors and treatments, which include psychological therapies focusing on exposure.
This document provides an overview of various psychological disorders including:
- Definitions of psychological disorders and their prevalence. Key symptoms and possible origins are described for schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders.
- Specific disorders covered in more depth include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
- Biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the development and expression of these disorders are also discussed.
The document discusses anxiety, defining it as a feeling of apprehension or fear from an unknown source. It describes several types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The causes, symptoms, epidemiology, pathophysiology, investigations, natural history, and management of anxiety disorders are explained in detail.
Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt thinking, mood, and behavior. Common mental illnesses include depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, general anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and phobias. These conditions are caused by biological and environmental factors and can be effectively treated through medication and therapy. However, stigma surrounding mental illness prevents many people from seeking the help and treatment they need.
Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or attachment figures. It is characterized by distress when anticipating or experiencing separation, persistent worry about harm befalling attachment figures, and reluctance or refusal to go places alone. It is diagnosed when fears or avoidance last at least 4 weeks in children or typically 6 months in adults and cause impairment. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and may include medication, parenting techniques, or family therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment, though co-occurring conditions or actual threats of separation decrease likelihood of positive outcomes.
Mental health disorders commonly co-occur with gambling harm. Around 96% of those meeting criteria for pathological gambling disorder also meet criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder, with two-thirds meeting criteria for three or more disorders. The most common co-occurring disorders are substance use disorders (42%), mood disorders like depression (56%), and anxiety disorders (60%). Overall, around 74% of problem gamblers experienced the other disorder prior to developing problems with gambling. Screening for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders should be part of assessments for gambling disorder.
This document provides an overview of anxiety disorders, including their epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, subtypes, and treatment approaches. It discusses the characteristics and management of several specific anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options are described.
10 Communication methods in teaching.pptxsujitha108318
The document discusses various teaching methods used in classrooms including lecture methods, demonstration methods, group discussion, seminar, and role play. Lecture methods are used to provide knowledge, motivate students, and promote critical thinking. Demonstration methods involve planning, performing procedures, and evaluating. Group discussions allow students to express opinions and solve problems together. Seminars and panel discussions give students opportunities to present and discuss topics. Role play helps students understand different perspectives and practice social skills. These techniques engage students through interaction and active learning.
Culture and spirituality in nursing.pptxsujitha108318
Culture refers to patterns of human behavior including religion, beliefs, social norms, arts, customs, and habits. Ethnicity is a concept referring to a shared culture and way of life reflected in language, religion, clothing, cuisine, music and art. Ethnicity provides social cohesion but can also be a source of social conflict.
Overview of clinical trials in medicinesujitha108318
This document provides an overview of clinical trials in India. It defines clinical trials according to UK and Indian regulations as systematic studies of new drugs administered to human subjects to determine safety and efficacy. The objectives of the overview are to introduce how clinical trials are conducted in India, provide safe and effective medicines affordably, and orient participants to research methods, designs, and recent amendments to Indian rules governing trials. It discusses concepts of new drugs, why clinical trials are increasing in India, and topics to be covered including ethics, trial phases, study designs, regulations, and pharmacogenomics in clinical trials.
electronic health records for nursing studentssujitha108318
This document discusses electronic health records (EHRs), including their components and benefits. Key points include:
EHRs contain a patient's medical history and are used for communication between healthcare providers. They have benefits like improved quality of care and reduced medical errors. Components include clinical decision support systems, computerized physician order entry, and health information exchange. Studies show EHRs can increase preventative care and decrease costs through reduced testing. However, adoption faces barriers like financial costs and workflow changes.
This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics concepts. It defines key terms like population, sample, parameter, variable, and data. It describes different data types and measurement scales. It also explains different measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode. Additionally, it covers measures of dispersion such as range, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Finally, it discusses different data distributions like normal and non-normal distributions.
This document discusses leadership competencies and styles in nursing. It defines leadership and notes that it involves interpersonal influence to achieve goals. The main types of leadership discussed are formal/informal, direct/indirect, and individual/shared. Leadership styles covered include autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and bureaucratic. Key leadership competencies are vision and trust. Effective communication, relationship management, influencing behaviors, and shared decision-making are also identified as important competency domains for nursing leaders. The document concludes by discussing leadership applications in nursing including patient care coordination and mentoring, and notes challenges to leadership development like defining the leadership role.
Personality is defined as the total integration of an individual's behaviors, thought processes, attitudes, interests, and personal philosophy. It is unique to each individual and influenced by both internal factors like intelligence and emotions as well as external social and environmental factors. Major theories of personality include psychoanalytic theory which proposes that personality develops through stages in childhood, and psychosocial theory which identifies stages across the lifespan. Personality is dynamic and constantly evolving as a person interacts with their environment and strives to meet goals.
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN PSYCHIATRY.pptxsujitha108318
Therapeutic modalities in psychiatry include somatic (physical) therapies like psychopharmacology, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery. Psychological therapies include various counseling approaches. Milieu therapy aims to provide a supportive environment, while therapeutic communities are highly structured treatment programs. Activity therapies use recreational and occupational activities. Common psychotropic medications include antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, and drugs used in child psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat severe depression, catatonia, and psychosis.
The document discusses various theories and styles of leadership. It begins by defining leadership as the process of influencing others to achieve goals. It then covers trait theory, which proposes that leaders are born with certain traits. Behavioral theories suggest that leadership behaviors can be learned. The managerial grid and Ohio State studies examine leadership styles based on concern for production vs people. Fiedler's contingency model and path-goal theory propose that leadership effectiveness depends on matching leader style to the situation. Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership focuses on directive vs supportive behaviors. Participative leadership encourages involvement in decision making. The document provides an overview of many prominent leadership theories.
The document discusses various topics related to women's mental health including:
1. Common mental health problems women face like premenstrual syndrome, postpartum depression, and menopause.
2. Normal reactions and psychological changes during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.
3. Psychiatric disorders that can occur during pregnancy and postpartum like postpartum psychosis.
4. Counseling approaches for issues like premarital counseling, marital counseling, genetic counseling, and battered wife syndrome.
Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug known as an atypical antipsychotic. It was the first discovered to be effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia without causing extrapyramidal symptoms. However, it was withdrawn from the market briefly in the 1970s due to cases of agranulocytosis. Three studies summarized found clozapine to be superior to typical antipsychotics like risperidone and haloperidol in improving positive symptoms. While it improved positive symptoms, clozapine did not significantly impact negative symptoms. The mechanism of action is believed to involve antagonizing dopamine D1, D4, and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.
A crisis is perceived as an intolerable difficult situation exceeding one's coping abilities. Crisis intervention provides emergency support to help the individual cope before deterioration. It involves assessing the stressor, individual in crisis, and providing aid. The goal is to stabilize functioning and develop new coping strategies. Assessment evaluates risk factors, and intervention draws on the individual's strengths and external resources to restore pre-crisis equilibrium.
This document summarizes various classes of psychiatric agents, including sedatives, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antianxiety drugs. It outlines how sedatives and benzodiazepines are used to reduce activity and induce sleep or calmness. Antidepressants like SSRIs work by increasing serotonin in the brain, while MAO inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters. Common antianxiety drugs include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and buspirone. The document provides an overview of the mechanisms and uses of these major classes of psychiatric drugs.
This document provides information on various mental health diagnoses including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and substance abuse. It discusses the DSM-IV criteria and course of illness for each, as well as their effects on caregiving. Comorbidities and treatments including medications are also outlined. The long-term prognosis is generally good if the individual is compliant with medication and therapy, though relapse is common with substance abuse and personality disorders can be difficult to treat. Resources for support services in the Chicago area are provided.
Performance appraisal refers to evaluating employee performance and potential. It involves setting job standards, measuring performance against those standards, and providing feedback. An effective performance appraisal system provides benefits like employee development, motivation, and legal protection for the company. It is an ongoing process that includes establishing performance metrics, measuring and documenting performance, setting goals, and conducting reviews. Several methods can be used to evaluate individuals and groups, including rating scales, critical incidents, and management by objectives. Ensuring appraisals are objective, non-discriminatory, and include employee input helps create an effective system.
This document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It defines ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The document reviews the prevalence, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, comorbid conditions, developmental course, and potential causes of ADHD. Causes discussed include genetics, neurological insults, and differences found in brain structure and function through neuroimaging studies.
This document discusses antipsychotic medications. It begins by covering the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and the mechanisms of action of first-generation antipsychotics. It then describes the discovery and timeline of development of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics. The rest of the document details the mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and prescribing considerations of various first-generation and second-generation antipsychotic medications.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Anxiety psy ppt.ppt
1. Anxiety Disorders in African
Americans
Tanya N. Alim, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
Howard University
Mini-Medical School
Tuesday, April 18, 2006
2. 1990 Annual Costs of Anxiety
Disorders (Billions)
42.3
23
13.3
20.4
1.2
0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50
Total
Non-psy
Psy Tx
Work
Mort.
Rx
Greenberg et al., J of Clin Psychiatry 60 (7), ‘99 Estimated $63 billion in 1998
2%
3%
10%
31%
54%
3. Importance of Recognition of
Anxiety Disorders
• Accurate Dx and Tx of
anxiety disorders
• Reduction of secondary
psychiatric conditions
– Depression
– Substance use problems
4. Percentage of Anxiety Disorders in
Adults in a given year
0 1 2 3 4 5
PANIC D
AGORAPH
OCD
GAD
PTSD
SocPHOB
SpecPHOB
Percent
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxiety.cfm
6. Difference between Fear
and Anxiety
• Fear is sense of dread and
foreboding that is in response
to an imminent, external
threatening event
• Anxiety is expected response
to stress; or feelings of
apprehension or dread to
nonspecific stimuli
7. Difference between Normal and
Pathological Anxiety
• Normal anxiety is expected response to
stress or threat
• Pathologic anxiety
– Autonomy
– Intensity
– Duration
– Behavior: avoidance or withdrawal
9. Brain Anatomy of Anxiety
• Locus coeruleus
– Important in vigilance, attention and
anxiety or fear
– Stimulation: ↑ panic attacks
– Blockade: ↓panic attacks
• Amygdala
– Major mediator of stress response
(fear/anxiety)
10. Amygdala connections
• Fear, cognitive misappraisal
• Escape and freezing
• Hyperventilation or fast breathing
• Sympathetic activation: ↑ heart rate, sweating
• ↑ stress hormone i.e. cortisol
• Nausea, queasy stomach, diarrhea
• ↑ startle
• Motor activation
11. Hypotheses-
Psychological
• Psychodynamic
– Freud: anxiety as a signal of threat to the
ego
– Symbolic or current events are similar to
threatening developmental events
• Cognitive-Behavioral
– Negative thoughts and beliefs activate
anxiety
– Overprediction & Castastrophic thinking
12. Hypotheses-
Genetic
• First degree relatives of patients with anxiety
disorders have a Significantly ↑↑ risk for
anxiety
• First degree relatives of panic disorder
patients have a 4- 10x risk
• ↑ risk in social phobia for relatives
• ↑rates of OCD, Tourette’s d/o and chronic
motor tics in relatives of Tourette’s
13. Anxiety Disorders
• Panic disorder- PD
• Agoraphobia- AG
• Social phobia**- SoP
• Specific phobias- SP
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder**- GAD or GD
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder**- PTSD or PTD
• Acute Stress Disorder**-ASD
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder**-OCD
• Separation Anxiety Disorder*-SAD
*children only **both children & adults
14. Panic attack overwhelming
sense of fear with :
• Shortness of breath
• Heart pounding
• Chest pain
• Smothering/choking
• Dizziness
• Loss of sense of
reality or oneself
• Numbing and/or
weakness
• Hot & cold flashes
• Sweating
• Faintness
• Trembling
• Losing control or
going crazy
• Nausea/upset
stomach
15. Panic disorder –
PD
• Persistent worry about ANOTHER
ATTACK
• Change in behavior because of the
attacks
• Peak in 10 min
• Associated with at least 4 other
symptoms
16. Panic Disorder - Epidemiology
• Prevalence (NCS) up to 3.5%
• Sex - More females than males (2:1)
• Age of onset – 20’s (bimodal – 45-64)
• Race – 45-54 yr range African-
Americans and Hispanics were lower
• Can occur with major depression and
agoraphobia
17. Panic Disorder - course
• High rates of relapse with stopping treatment
• Persistent anxiety and avoidant behavior
• Social and vocational dysfunction
• Marital problems
• Alcohol and drug use
• ↑use of medical service
• ↑mortality from cardiovascular
problems/suicide
18. Agoraphobia –
AG
• Fear and avoidance in being in a
situation that escape may be difficulty
or they may not be able to get help
• May not leave home or may need a
companion
• Can occur with and without panic
disorder
19. Agoraphobia
• Prevalence (NCS) 6.7%
• Sex – Women higher than Men
2.9% in White males
12% in African American females
• Race – higher in African Americans than
in Whites or Hispanics
• 1/3 of Agoraphobics have history of
panic attacks
20. Social Phobia
Persistent, irrational fear of social situations
• Marked avoidance of situations (humiliation
or embarrassment)
• Or marked anxiety under these situations
• Recognized as not reasonable
21. Social Phobia-
SoP
• Prevalence – 13.3%
• Age of onset – mid teens to 20’s (16)
• Higher in females of less education, less
income, single never married, students, living
with parents
• Men more likely to seek treatment
• Children: Crying or staying close to familiar
adults; very shy; periphery of social situations
• Can occur with depression
22. Social Phobia - course
• Comorbid with depression
• Alcohol and drug use
• Chronic but fluctuates
• Worsened during stress
• In children and adolescents may lead to
failure to achieve and inability to
function in social activities
23. Specific Phobias
• Marked persistent fear of situation or
object
• Examples: heights, closed spaces,
animals or sight of blood
• Exposure causes intense anxiety and
avoidance causing interference
24. Specific Phobias-
SP
• Prevalence 10%
• Onset in childhood - Phobias to
animals, natural environments (hts,
storms, water) blood and injections
• Onset bimodally (childhood and mid
20’s)
– Situational phobias (airplanes, elevators
and closed places)
25. Phobia Types
• Acrophobia
• Agoraphobia
• Ailurophobia
• Hydrophobia
• Claustrophobia
• Cynophobia
• Mysophobia
• Pyrophobia
• Xenophobia
• Zoophobia
• Fear of heights
• Fear of open places
• Fear of cats
• Fear of water
• Fear of closed places
• Fear of dogs
• Fear of dirt and germs
• Fear of fire
• Fear of strangers
• Fear of animals
26. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder -
OCD
• Presence of obsessions or compulsions
causing a lot of distress or impairment
• Consume more than 1 hour a day or
• Interfere with normal
routine/occupational/social
• Unreasonable or excessive
27. OCD - Epidemiology
• Prevalence – 2.2 to 2.3% in adults; 1-
2% in children
• Age of onset – mid 20’s to 30’s
• Higher in women than men
• Can occur commonly with major
depression or another anxiety disorder
28. OCD
• Thoughts may include
– Fears of contamination
– Feelings of self-doubt/guilt
• Compulsive behaviors: Alleviate obsessions
– Checking
– Counting
– Hand-washing
– touching
29. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -
PTSD
• “A” criteria –psychological distress in
response to stressor that is defined as
severe with threat to physical integrity,
hopelessness/helplessness, intense
fear or horror
• B criteria - Reexperiencing
• C criteria - Avoidance
• D criteria - Hyperarousal
31. PTSD – Avoidance
C criteria
• Avoidance of thoughts or activities
assoc. with trauma
• Numbing
• Detachment or estrangement from
others
• Sense of foreshortened future
33. PTSD
• Prevalence – 10.4 – 12.3% in women;
5 – 6% in men
• Traumatic attacks in Men
– Physical attacks – combat – threats with
weapons – held captive – kidnapped
Women
– Rape – sexual molestation – parental
neglect or abuse
34. PTSD
• Risk factors
– Higher in women than men
– Preexisting traumas
– Personality disorder
– Previous mental illness
– Usually occurs with other psychiatric
disorders
35. PTSD - course
• Course is variable occurring at any age
• Sx occur within 3 months of trauma or
• Can be delayed
• Social withdrawal
• Depression
• Suicidality
• Alcohol and drug abuse
37. Generalized Anxiety disorder-
GAD
• Unrealistic or excessive worry with the
following
• 3 out of 4 symptoms
– Motor tension
– Autonomic hyperactivity
– Vigilance and scanning
– Apprehensive expectation
38. GAD
• Prevalence – 4.1 to 6.6%; ↑ in females
• Age onset – children or 25 years and up
• Prior marriage, unemployed, homemaker,
Northeast
• Children: perfectionistic, redo tasks, seek
constant reassurance
• Worry about catastrophic events (eg.
hurricane); ability to perform school; sports;
• Common with agoraphobia, mood & panic
disorders
39. Separation anxiety disorder
• Excess anxiety during the time a child is
separated from home or a significant
attachment figure (parents, primary
caretaker)
• Attachment anxiety is normal at 2 years
• Disorder occurs when excessive and
occurs later
40. Separation Anxiety Disorder-
SAD
• May worry about something happening
to the major attachment person
• Prevalence: 4% in school age children
• 1% in adolescence
• Sex: equal in males and females
• Symptoms: at least 4 weeks
• Onset: occurs before 18 years old
41. Medical Causes of Anxiety
• Endocrine or hormone changes
• Neurological: including seizures
• Metabolic changes including ↑ body temp.
• Hypoxia (decreased oxygen to the body)
– Heart and lung disease: irregular heart
rhythm, chest pain, congestive heart
failure, bronchitis, blood clot (s)
• Drug Intoxication or Withdrawal
42. Anxiety disorders in African
Americans (AA)
• ↓ lifetime rates (3.2%) vs. Whites (6.3%) *
• More likely to be misdiagnosed**
• ↑ Phobias than non-Hispanic whites
• OCD- rare
• PTSD- in past, misdiagnosed for
schizophrenia; due to ↑ paranoia and
psychotic symptoms
*Turner & Lloyd, 2004; **Lawson, 2003
43. PTSD in African Americans
• Posttraumatic stress disorder- 7 -12% in
general population; 14% (in nonwhite sample)
• ↑↑rates including youth from socially
disadvantaged areas, high traumatic
exposures (eg. violence) – 7 to 50%
• The rate of lifetime PTSD (approx. 33% of
those screened) exceeds estimates for the
general population in our sample of patients
attending primary care offices at HUH
44. Lifetime treatment contact for
Anxiety disorders by African
Americans vs. Whites
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
PD AG SoP SP GD PTD SAD
Whites
Blacks
Odds
Ratio
Wang et al.
45. References
• Alim, TN, Charney, DS & Mellman, TA. An Overview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in African Americans.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, accepted for publication March 2006.
• Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and
posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit area survey of trauma. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 55(7), 626-632.
• Lawson, W B(2003) Mental Health Issues in African Americans In: Handbook of Racial & Ethnic Minority
Psychology. Ed: Bernal, G, Trimble, JE, Burlew AK, Leong, FTL. Sage Publications, 561-9.
• Lawson, W. B. (2000). Issues in pharmacotherapy for African Americans. In P. Ruiz, J. M. Oldham & M.B.
Riba (Ed.), Ethnicity and Psychopharmacology, Review of Psychiatry, 19, (pp. 37-52). Washington, DC:
American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
• Turner, RJ & Lloyd, DA. (2004). Stress Burden and the Lifetime Incidence of Psychiatric Disorder in Young
Adults: Racial and Ethnic Contrasts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 481-88.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity – A
Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon
• Wang, PS, Berglund, P, Olfson, M, Pincus, HA, Wells, KB & Kessler, RC. (2005). Failure and Delay in Initial
Treatment Contact After First Onset of Mental Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 603-613.
• http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxiety.cfm