Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher). It is common but can be serious if not treated. People with high blood pressure may not feel symptoms. The only way to know is to get your blood pressure checked. this is a short ppt about antihypertensive drugs

1. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
DRUGS
PRESENTED BY
DR BASITH NP

2. I N T R O D U C T I O N
• Hypertension generally regarded when
either or both systolic or diastolic pressures
are persistently raised.
• On measurement with systolic pressure
over 140mmHg and diastolic over
90mmHg.

3. E T I O L O G Y
• Specific cause of hypertension is estd in 10-
15% of population
• Patient in whom no specific cause of
hypertension are said to have essential or
primary hypertension
• Patient with specific etiology is called
secondary hypertension

4. • Genetic factors, stress, diet and environmental factors
as contributing to hypertension
• Heredity of essential hypertension is 30%

5. S TA G E S O F H Y P E RT E N S I O N

6. A N T I H Y P E R T E N S I V E D R U G S
• Agent that reduces high blood pressure is called antihypertensives.

7. Classification
Diuretics
ACE
inhibitors
Angiotensin II
receptor
antagonists
Calcium
channel
blockers(CCB)
Sympatholytic
agents
Centrally
acting
β-adrenergic
blockers
α –adrenergic
blockers
vasodilators

9. D I U R E T I C S
• Standard antihypertensive drugs over the past 4
decades
• Do not lower BP in normotensives.

10. C L A S S I F I C AT I O N
Thiazides and
related drugs
• Cholorothiazide
• Hydrochlorothiazide
• Chlothalidone
• Indapamide
Loop diuretics
• Furosemide
• Bumetanide
• Torsemide
Potassium-sparing
• Amiloride
• Triamterene
• spironolactone

11. T H I A Z I D E S
• Thiazides and related drugs are widely used for
uncomplicated hypertension
• Chlorothiazides and hydrochlorothiazide and
chlorthalidone are the commonly used thiazides for
hypertension

12. • Have a long duration of action
• They should be administered in low dose i.e.12.5mg
• If the response is not adequate the dose can be
increased up to 25mg/day
• Beyond 25mg thiazides are not safe

13. • Potassium sparing diuretics are usually given with
thiazides to counteract K+ loss and increase
antihypertensive efficacy.
• Use of ACE inhibitors with thiazides decreases k+ loss
by thiazides and enhance antihypertensive effect.

14. M E C H A N I S M O F A C T I O N
Thiazides
Inhibit Na+-Cl-
symport in the early
part of DCT
Promote Na,H2O
excretion
↓CO
↓BP
↓PVR
↓Na conc. In vascular
smooth muscles

15. A D VA N TA G E S
• Have long duration of action
• Cheaper
• Well tolerated by elderly patients
• Have synergistic affect when used in combination with other
antihypertensive drugs

16. A D V E R S E E F F E C T S
• Hypokalaemia
• Hyper
• Glycaemia
• Uricemia
• Lipidaemia
• Calcaemia
• Impotence and decreased libido

17. L O O P D I U R E T I C S
• Have short duration of action
• Are not used routinely in hypertension except in the
presence of renal or cardiac failure

18. A D V E R S E E F F E C T S
• Ototoxicity
• Hyperuricemia
• Acute hypovolemia
• Potassium depletion
• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
• Allergies

19. R E F E R E N C E S
• Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology. JP Medical Ltd; 2013 Sep 30.
• Shanbhag TV, Shenoy S, Nayak V. Pharmacology for Dentistry E-book. Elsevier
Health Sciences; 2021 Mar 6.